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In this work we derive asymptotically stabilizing control laws for electrical power systems using two nonlinear control synthesis techniques. For this transient stabilization problem the actuator considered is a power electronic device, a controllable series capacitor (CSC). The power system is described using two different nonlinear models - the second order swing equation and the third order flux-decay model. To start with, the CSC is modeled by the injection model which is based on the assumption that the CSC dynamics is very fast as compared to the dynamics of the power system and hence can be approximated by an algebraic equation. Here, by neglecting the CSC dynamics, the input vector $g(x)$ in the open loop system takes a complex form - the injection model. Using this model, interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) methodology is demonstrated on two power systems: a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system and a two machine system. Further, IDA-PBC is used to derive stabilizing controllers for power systems, where the CSC dynamics are included as a first order system. Next, we consider a different control methodology, immersion and invariance (I\&I), to synthesize an asymptotically stabilizing control law for the SMIB system with a CSC. The CSC is described by a first order system. As a generalization of I\&I, we incorporate the power balance algebraic constraints in the load bus to the SMIB swing equation, and extend the design philosophy to a class of differential algebraic systems. The proposed result is then demonstrated on another example: a two-machine system with two load buses and a CSC. The controller performances are validated through simulations for all cases.

The issue of regularity has played a central role in the theory of Partial Differential Equations almost since its inception, and despite the tremendous advances made it still remains a very fruitful research field.In particular considerable strides have been made in regularity estimates for degenerate and singular elliptic and parabolic equations over the last several years, and in many unexpected and challenging directions.Because of all these recent results, it seemed high time to create an overview that would highlight emerging trends and issues in this fascinating research topic in a proper and effective way.The course aimed to show the deep connections between these topics and to open new research directions through the contributions of leading experts in all of these fields.

Stress, high blood pressure, smoking, pollution, fast foods, overweight, excessive travelling, surgery, less movement are common features in our modern life. These features are risky for blood clotting disorders. According to WHO, over 29% of the total mortalities worldwide are due to thrombosis. By the year, 2020 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may cause an estimated 25 million deaths per year, thus antithrombotic therapy is of great interest. The available thrombolytic agents such as urokinase are highly expensive, antigenic, quite unspecific, pyretogenic and hemorrhagenic. Therefore, the production of fibrinolysing enzymes, which rapidly dissolute thrombi within the vascular tree, without the detriments by microorganisms, as described in this book, is the desirable aim of today's research.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems, SERENE 2011, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in September 2011. The 13 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address all aspects of formal modeling and verification, architecting resilient systems, fault tolerance, requirements engineering and product lines, monitoring and self-adaption, and security and intrusion avoidance.

This book is a collection of lecture notes for the CIME course on "Multiscale and Adaptivity: Modeling, Numerics and Applications," held in Cetraro (Italy), in July 2009.Complex systems arise in several physical, chemical, and biological processes, in which length and time scales may span several orders of magnitude. Traditionally, scientists have focused on methods that are particularly applicable in only one regime, and knowledge of the system on one scale has been transferred to another scale only indirectly. Even with modern computer power, the complexity of such systems precludes their being treated directly with traditional tools, and new mathematical and computational instruments have had to be developed to tackle such problems. The outstanding and internationally renowned lecturers, coming from different areas of Applied Mathematics, have themselves contributed in an essential way to the development of the theory and techniques that constituted the subjects of the courses.

Small-radius tubular structures have attracted considerable attention in the last few years, and are frequently used in different areas such as Mathematical Physics, Spectral Geometry and Global Analysis. In this monograph, we analyse Laplace-like operators on thin tubular structures ("graph-like spaces''), and their natural limits on metric graphs. In particular, we explore norm resolvent convergence, convergence of the spectra and resonances. Since the underlying spaces in the thin radius limit change, and become singular in the limit, we develop new tools such as norm convergence of operators acting in different Hilbert spaces, an extension of the concept of boundary triples to partial differential operators, and an abstract definition of resonances via boundary triples. These tools are formulated in an abstract framework, independent of the original problem of graph-like spaces, so that they can be applied in many other situations where the spaces are perturbed.

In the study of algebraic/analytic varieties a key aspect is the description of the invariants of their singularities. This book targets the challenging non-isolated case. Let f be a complex analytic hypersurface germ in three variables whose zero set has a 1-dimensional singular locus. We develop an explicit procedure and algorithm that describe the boundary M of the Milnor fiber of f as an oriented plumbed 3-manifold. This method also provides the characteristic polynomial of the algebraic monodromy. We then determine the multiplicity system of the open book decomposition of M cut out by the argument of g for any complex analytic germ g such that the pair (f,g) is an ICIS. Moreover, the horizontal and vertical monodromies of the transversal type singularities associated with the singular locus of f and of the ICIS (f,g) are also described. The theory is supported by a substantial amount of examples, including homogeneous and composed singularities and suspensions. The properties peculiar to M are also emphasized.

The first part of the book studies pseudo-periodic maps of a closed surface of genus greater than or equal to two. This class of homeomorphisms was originally introduced by J. Nielsen in 1944 as an extension of periodic maps. In this book, the conjugacy classes of the (chiral) pseudo-periodic mapping classes are completely classified, and Nielsen's incomplete classification is corrected. The second part applies the results of the first part to the topology of degeneration of Riemann surfaces. It is shown that the set of topological types of all the singular fibers appearing in one parameter holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces is in a bijective correspondence with the set of conjugacy classes of the pseudo-periodic maps of negative twists. The correspondence is given by the topological monodromy.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Reuse, ICSR 2011, held in Pohang, South Korea, in June 2011. The 16 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. They are presented together with one keynote, three workshop papers, a doctoral symposium report and two tutorials. Topics of interest are domain analysis and modeling; asset search and retrieval; architecture-centric approaches to reuse; component-based reuse; COTS-based development; generator-based techniques; domain-specific languages; testing in the context of software reuse; aspect-oriented techniques; model-driven development; reuse of non-code artifacts; reengineering for reuse; software product line techniques; quality-aspects of reuse; economic models of reuse; benefit and risk analysis, scoping; legal and managerial aspects of reuse; transition to software reuse; industrial experience with reuse; light-weight approaches; software evolution and reuse.

This book constitutes thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the workshops of the 16th International Conference on Parallel Computing, Euro-Par 2010, held in Ischia, Italy, in August/September 2010. The papers of these 9 workshops HeteroPar, HPCC, HiBB, CoreGrid, UCHPC, HPCF, PROPER, CCPI, and VHPC focus on promotion and advancement of all aspects of parallel and distributed computing.

Self-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches for dealing with complex distributed interactive software and information-handling systems. Self-organising applications dynamically change their functionality and structure without direct user intervention, responding to changes in requirements and the environment. This is the first book to offer an integrated view of self-organisation technologies applied to distributed systems, particularly focusing on multiagent systems. The editors developed this integrated book with three aims: to explain self-organisation concepts and principles, using clear definitions and a strong theoretical background; to examine how self-organising behaviour can be modelled, analysed and systematically engineered into agent behaviour; and to assess the types of problems that can be solved using self-organising multiagent systems. The book comprises chapters covering all three dimensions, synthesising up-to-date research work and the latest technologies and applications. The book offers dedicated chapters on concepts such as self-organisation, emergence in natural systems, software agents, stigmergy, gossip, cooperation and immune systems. The book then explains how to engineer artificial self-organising software, in particular it examines methodologies and middleware infrastructures. Finally, the book presents diverse applications of self-organising software, such as constraint satisfaction, trust management, image recognition and networking.The book will be of interest to researchers working on emergent phenomena and adaptive systems. It will also be suitable for use as a graduate textbook, with chapter summaries and exercises, and an accompanying website that includes teaching slides, exercise solutions and research project outlines.Self-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches for dealing with complex distributed interactive software and information-handling systems. Self-organising applications dynamically change their functionality and structure without direct user intervention, responding to changes in requirements and the environment. This is the first book to offer an integrated view of self-organisation technologies applied to distributed systems, particularly focusing on multiagent systems. The editors developed this integrated book with three aims: to explain self-organisation concepts and principles, using clear definitions and a strong theoretical background; to examine how self-organising behaviour can be modelled, analysed and systematically engineered into agent behaviour; and to assess the types of problems that can be solved using self-organising multiagent systems. The book comprises chapters covering all three dimensions, synthesising up-to-date research work and the latest technologies and applications. The book offers dedicated chapters on concepts such as self-organisation, emergence in natural systems, software agents, stigmergy, gossip, cooperation and immune systems. The book then explains how to engineer artificial self-organising software, in particular it examines methodologies and middleware infrastructures. Finally, the book presents diverse applications of self-organising software, such as constraint satisfaction, trust management, image recognition and networking.The book will be of interest to researchers working on emergent phenomena and adaptive systems. It will also be suitable for use as a graduate textbook, with chapter summaries and exercises, and an accompanying website that includes teaching slides, exercise solutions and research project outlines.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2011, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in May 2011.The 31 papers, presented together with 2 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 167 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on lattice-base cryptography, implementation and side channels, homomorphic cryptography, signature schemes, information-theoretic cryptography, symmetric key cryptography, attacks and algorithms, secure computation, composability, key dependent message security, and public key encryption.

"Convergence" is defined as the intertwinement of species or technologies. "Tech- logical convergence," on the other hand, refers to a trend where a single product such as a cell phone, used in the past solely for communication, evolves into a product that functions not only as a communication device but incorporates the distinct function- ities of a number of other technologies, thereby enabling users to take pictures, listen to music, access the Web, send and receive e-mail messages, find their way, and so on, equally successfully. Social networks such as Facebook, YouTube, MySpace and LinkedIn, where users congregate, discuss certain issues, entertain themselves, and share information in t- tual, audio and video formats, are among the most frequented web sites. Social networks having Web 2. 0 features offer personalized services, allowing users to - corporate their own content easily and describe, organize and share it with others, thereby enriching users' experience. More often than not, a capable cell phone is all you need to get access to such social networks and carry out all those tasks. Such tools tend to change our private, social and professional lives and blur the boundaries among them. In other words, our private, social and professional lives are converging, too: someone using a cell phone could be communicating with his/her friend(s), accessing information services, taking an exam using a learning management system, or conducting business.

Die Menschheit steht heute vor der Herausforderung, globale Umweltveränderungen so zu beeinflussen, dass der Planet Erde langfristig als ihr Lebensraum erhalten bleibt. Wichtiges Wissen dafür liefern die Geowissenschaften, die heute interdisziplinär und auf naturwissenschaftliche Weise die Prozesse im System Erde erforschen. Ein Verständnis ihrer zentralen Ergebnisse und ihrer Denk- und Arbeitsweisen ist damit eine wichtige Voraussetzung, an der Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung teilhaben zu können. Mit diesem Sammelband liegt eine erste deutschsprachige Didaktik der Geowissenschaften vor, die anhand der international etablierten interdisziplinären Earth Systems Education Formate geowissenschaftlicher Vermittlung konkretisiert.Im disziplinär organisierten deutschen Schulsystem bietet geowissenschaftlicher Unterricht innovativen Kompetenzerwerb im interdisziplinären Kontext System Erde und fördert das Verständnis grundlegender Fragen zur Erdgeschichte und zum Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Natur. Zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele veranschaulichen die naturwissenschaftliche Betrachtung der Erde als Gesamtsystem im Schulunterricht. Geowissenschaftlerinnen und Geowissenschaftler mit Interesse an der Vermittlung ihrer Inhalte lernen grundlegende pädagogische und didaktische Prinzipien und Methoden kennen. Sie erfahren, wie sie Schülerinnen und Schülern Lernerfahrungen ermöglichen, die das schulische Lernen passgenau ergänzen, und wie sie Lehrkräfte in deren geowissenschaftlichen Unterricht unterstützen.Das Werk richtet sich an Lehramtsstudierende und Lehrkräfte der Geowissenschaften, Geographie, Biologie, Chemie und Physik genauso wie an alle, die Geowissenschaften außerschulisch vermitteln (z. B. Museen, Geoparks, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit).

Die Schulmathematik vermittelt meist nur einen sehr eingeschränkten Einblick in die beweisorientierte und axiomatisch aufgebaute moderne Mathematik ¿ Studienanfänger werden daher oft unvorbereitet von der Hochschulmathematik getroffen.Dieses Lehrbuch erleichtert den nötigen Übergang zum selbstständigen Erarbeiten und Lernen mathematischer Beweise und Inhalte: Es motiviert die Lesenden, selbst aktiv zu werden und sich alleine an den gegebenen Problemstellungen zu versuchen. Dabei wird viel Wert auf leichte Sprache, ausführliche Erklärungen und detaillierte Beispiele gelegt. Somit ist das Buch optimal zum Selbststudium, als Material für Online-Lehrveranstaltungen oder als Ergänzung zu klassischen Mathematik-Vorkursen geeignet.Die einzelnen Kapitel können weitgehend eigenständig und selektiv gelesen bzw. bearbeitet werden, sind aber einheitlich aufgebaut: Jedes Kapitel orientiert sich inhaltlich an einer zu Beginn dargestellten Leitfrage. Auf dem Weg zur Antwort werden die Lesenden von ausführlichen Erläuterungen, Schnellaufgaben, klassischen Übungsaufgaben und Wiederholungsaufgaben begleitet. Die Relevanz der Ergebnisse wird abschließend erläutert; an einigen Stellen gehen die Autoren sogar auf aktuelle Forschung ein oder geben Ausblicke auf tiefere mathematische Erkenntnisse.Die mathematische Basis dieses Buchs ist die zweisemestrige Vorlesung zur Elementarmathematik für das Haupt- und Realschul-Lehramt an der Goethe Universität Frankfurt. Daher eignet sich das Buch besonders gut für Lehramtsstudierende (auch für das gymnasiale Lehramt), als Anregung für Lehrkräfte oder als Ausblick für motivierte Schüler sowie als Brückenkursmaterial.

NATION stellt weiterhin die häufigste Form der politischen, d.h. staatlichen Organisation dar und wird als zentrale Ausprägung sozialer Ordnung im Sinne imaginierter Gruppenzugehörigkeit wahrgenommen. Sowohl im globalen als auch im europäischen Kontext, der im Mittelpunkt dieses Sammelbandes steht, scheinen verschiedene ¿Krisen¿ der letzten Jahre NATION geradezu zu fördern, indem Formen und Inhalte von Inklusion/Exklusion, An-/Aberkennung, Sicherheit/Gefahr, Partikularismus/Universalismus sprachlich-diskursiv erneut, teilweise kontrovers und in extremen Tönen verhandelt werden. Die siebzehn Beiträge in diesem Sammelband verfolgen das Ziel, das komplexe und hybride Konzept NATION, seinen Status und seine Rolle im 21. Jahrhundert kritisch zu hinterfragen, indem relevante Identifikations- und Kategorisierungsprozesse, die Akteur: innen, die diese Prozesse tragen und/oder steuern, und kommunikative und sprachliche Formen, die die Konzeptualisierungen widerspiegeln bzw. konstituieren,untersucht werden.Die Kapitel ¿Linguistik der Erinnerung ¿ transnational. Das Beispiel lexikalischer Erinnerungsorte¿, ¿The Metonymy EUrope as a Means of Legitimizing Nations in the Western Balkans¿ und ¿Corporate Communication at the Intersection of Economic and Political Discourse: The Role of the Nation in CSR Communication in the Ukrainian Energy Sector¿ werden auf link.springer.com unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht.

NATO's Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs sponsored this Advan­ ced Study Institute because it was felt to be timely to cover this important and challengjng subject for the first time in the framework of NATO's ASI programme. The significance of real-time systems in everyones' life is rapidly growing. The vast spectrum of these systems can be characterised by just a few examples of increasing complexity: controllers in washing machines, air traffic control systems, control and safety systems of nuclear power plants and, finally, future military systems like the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). The import­ ance of such systems for the well-being of people requires considerable efforts in research and development of highly reliable real-time systems. Furthermore, the competitiveness and prosperity of entire nations now depend on the early app­ lication and efficient utilisation of computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM), of which real-time systems are an essential and decisive part. Owing to its key significance in computerised defence systems, real-time computing has also a special importance for the Alliance. The early research and development activities in this field in the 1960s and 1970s aimed towards improving the then unsatisfactory software situation. Thus, the first high-level real-time languages were defined and developed: RTL/2, Coral 66, Procol, LTR, and PEARL. In close connection with these language develop­ ments and with the utilisation of special purpose process control peripherals, the research on real-time operating systems advanced considerably.

Since the publication of Banach's treatise on the theory of linear operators, the literature on the theory of bases in topological vector spaces has grown enormously. Much of this literature has for its origin a question raised in Banach's book, the question whether every sepa­ rable Banach space possesses a basis or not. The notion of a basis employed here is a generalization of that of a Hamel basis for a finite dimensional vector space. For a vector space X of infinite dimension, the concept of a basis is closely related to the convergence of the series which uniquely correspond to each point of X. Thus there are different types of bases for X, according to the topology imposed on X and the chosen type of convergence for the series. Although almost four decades have elapsed since Banach's query, the conjectured existence of a basis for every separable Banach space is not yet proved. On the other hand, no counter examples have been found to show the existence of a special Banach space having no basis. However, as a result of the apparent overconfidence of a group of mathematicians, who it is assumed tried to solve the problem, we have many elegant works which show the tight connection between the theory of bases and structure of linear spaces.

Constraint programming is like an octopus spreading its tentacles into databases, operations research, artificial intelligence, and many other areas. The concept of constraint programming was introduced in artificial intelligence and graphics in the 1960s and 1970s. Now the related techniques are used and studied in many fields of computing. Different aspects of constraint processing are investigated in theoretical computer science, logic programming, knowledge representation, operations research, and related application domains. Constraint programming has been included in the lists of related topics of many conferences. Nevertheless, only in 1993 were the first forums held, devoted as a whole to this field of knowledge. These were the First Workshop on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (PPCP'93) which was held in Newport, Rhode Island, USA, April 28-30, the International Workshop on Constraint Processing (at CSAM'93) held in St. Petersburg, Russia, July 20-21, and the NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO AS!) on Constraint Programming held in Parnu, Estonia, August 13-24. NATO A Sis are aimed to be schools bringing together leading researchers and practitioners from industry and academia in some area of knowledge to provide a concise picture of the work done and results obtained by different groups. This is intended for dissemination of advanced knowledge not yet taught regularly in of new topics university. However, ASis must also encourage the introduction into university curricula as well as foster international scientific contacts.

This volume is an outgrowth of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Expert Judgment and Expert Systems," held in Porto, Portugal, August 1986. Support for the Workshop was provided by the NATO Division of Scientific Affairs, the U.S. Army Research Institute, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. The Workshop brought together researchers from the fields of psychology, decision analysis, and artificial intelligence. The purposes were to assess similarities, differences, and complementarities among the three approaches to the study of expert judgment; to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses; and to propose profitable linkages between them. Each of the papers in the present volume is directed toward one or more of those goals. We wish to express our appreciation and thanks to the following persons for their support and assistance: John Adams, Vincent T. Covello, Luis da Cunha, Claire Jeseo, B. Michael Kantrowitz, Margaret Lally, Judith Orasanu, R. M. Rodrigues, and Sandor P. Schuman.

This book is devoted to the systematic treatment of nonequi 1 ibrium vibrational kinetics in molecular systems. Particular emphasis is given to the vibrational excitation of diatomic molecules by low-energy electrons in a discharge and by IR photons in laser-pumped systems. The book follows the different steps of the introduction, redistribution, loss, and chemical conversion of the vibrational quanta, from the points of view of the overall kinetics and the dynamics of elementary processes. These two aspects are balanced in a multidisciplinary approach. The different chapters give the basic instruments (theoretical and experimental) which are needed to understand the ki­ netics of nonequilibrium systems. The book will introduce the reader to different areas such as plasmachemistry, laser chemistry, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and relaxation phenomena, emphasizing how the vibrational energy affects such research fields. The chapters dedicated to collisional dynamics involving vibrational excited molecules provide an introduc­ tion to the modern techniques uti 1 ized in the scattering theory of inelastic and reactive collisions. The extension of the vibrational kinetics to polyatomic mole­ cules, discussed in Chap. 10, is the natural bridge between coll ision and coll i­ sionless regimes. In conclusion, we hope that the approach followed in this book will stimulate the collaboration of researchers coming from different research fields, which are too often completely separate.

This volume contains revised and edited forms of papers presented at the Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows, held at the California State University from 19 to 21 January 1981. The Symposium was organized to bring together leading research workers in those aspects of aerodynamic flows represented by the five parts and to fulfill the following purposes : first, to allow the presentation of technical papers which provide a basis for research workers to assess the present status of the subject and to formulate priorities for the future; and second, to promote informal discussion and thereby to assist the communication and develop­ ment of novel concepts. The format ofthe content ofthe volume is similar to that ofthe Symposium and addresses, in separate parts: Numerical Fluid Dynamics, Interactive Steady Boundary Layers, Singularities in Unsteady Boundary Layers, Transonic Flows, and Experimental Fluid Dynamics. The motivation for most of the work described relates to the internal and extern al aerodynamics of aircraft and to the development and appraisal of design methods based on numerical solutions to conservation equations in differential forms, for corresponding components. The chapters concerned with numerical fluid dynamics can, perhaps, be interpreted in a more general context, but the emphasis on boundary-Iayer flows and the special consideration oftransonic flows reflects the interest in external flows and the recent advances which have allowed the calculation methods to encompass transonic regions.

This volume Structure of Free Polyatomic Molecules Basic Data contains frequently used data from the corresponding larger Landolt-Börnstein handbooks in a low price book for the individual scientists working in the laboratory. Directories link to the more complete volumes in the library. The book contains important information about a large number of semiconductors.