Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer International Publishing AG

This book analyses the role of diagrammatic reasoning in Platös philosophy: the readers will realize that Plato, describing the stages of human cognitive development using a diagram, poses a logic problem to stimulate the general reasoning abilities of his readers. Following the examination of mental models in this book, the readers will reflect on what inferences can be useful to approach this kind of logic problem. Plato calls for a collaboration between writer and readers. In this book the readers will examine the connection between diagrams and discovery, realizing the important epistemic role of visualization. They will recognize the crucial role that diagrams play in problem solving. The logic problem elaborated by Plato is addressed considering the epistemic function of mental models. These models introduce to an advanced stage of cognitive development, in which reasoning uses in its investigations a higher-level of mathematical complexity, represented by structuralism.

This handbook brings together an international group of experts to offer a comprehensive resource on occupational stress. Including both theoretical and practical perspectives, it examines ways to reduce and treat stress, as well as the physiological, psychosocial, and neural underpinnings of it. Through 24 original and carefully selected essays, the authors offer new insights, resources, and tools to better understand, manage and treat stress in a professional environment.The book¿s chapters are divided into 5 parts that address the conceptualisation of stress; present theoretical models (including the contribution of animal models); examine the psychological and physiological aspects of stress and ways to assess it; delve into psychosocial risks at work and their assessment (means and methods); and investigate how to cope with stress at work, including resilience training. Aspects such as the effects of leadership, simulation training, and stress-tests for hiring are also presented and discussed. The volume ends by exploring broader considerations regarding stress and culture, stress and occupational sectors (with a chapter focusing on studentship), and the pharmacology of stress. This handbook is an essential reference for researchers in organisational psychology, as well as business and management and education, who are interested in stress. Healthcare workers and therapists who treat stress will also find an invaluable resource in this far-reaching yet accessible collection.

This open access book assesses how the Covid-19 pandemic caught higher education systems throughout the world by surprise. It maps out the responses of higher education institutions to the challenges and strategic opportunities brought about by the pandemic, and examines the effects such responses may have. Bringing together scholars and case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, the book is both comparative and global in nature. It also brings together researchers from a variety of disciplinary fields, including political scientists, historians, economists, sociologist, and anthropologists. In doing so, the book fosters an inter-disciplinary dialogue and inclusive methodological approach for unpacking the complexities associated with modern higher education systems and institutions.

This book aims to provide physicians and scientists with the basics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a special focus on medical imaging. The contents of the book provide an introduction to the main topics of artificial intelligence currently applied on medical image analysis. The book starts with a chapter explaining the basic terms used in artificial intelligence for novice readers and embarks on a series of chapters each one of which provides the basics on one AI-related topic. The second chapter presents the programming languages and available automated tools that enable the development of AI applications for medical imaging. The third chapter endeavours to analyse the main traditional machine learning techniques, explaining algorithms such as random forests, support vector machines as well as basic neural networks. The applications of those machines on the analysis of radiomics data is expanded in the fourth chapter to allow the understanding of algorithms used to build classifiers for the diagnosis of disease processes with the use of radiomics. Chapter five provides the basics of natural language processing which has revolutionized the analysis of complex radiological reports and chapter six affords a succinct introduction to convolutional neural networks which have revolutionized medical image analysis enabling automated image-based diagnosis, image enhancement (e.g. denoising), protocolling etc. The penultimate chapter provides an introduction to data preprocessing for use in the aforementioned artificial intelligence applications. The book concludes with a chapter demonstrating AI-based tools already in radiological practice while providing an insight about the foreseeable future.It will be a valuable resource for radiologists, computer scientists and postgraduate students working on medical image analysis.

The book was envisioned by bedside nurses caring for transplant and cellular therapy patients as a way to teach novice nurses and health care colleagues about the care required for this complex patient population. The nurse authors recruited an oncology nurse practitioner, transplant physician, nurse scientist and expert in medical humanities and health studies to join the project team. The dedication of the team and the willingness of the patients to contribute to the project, has led to a unique case study approach focused on the lived experience of patients and care partner(s) during the transplant/cellular therapy journey. The case studies are unique in that they encompass a qualitative narrative developed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and the inclusion of the individual's actual medical and nursing care from their health record. At every step along the trajectory of the illness, the medications and care received are described, interspersed with the voice of the patient and care partner(s) sharing their experiences. The chapters follow the individual patients and their care partner(s) through all phases of their illness. The interviews were conducted, and case studies written by the bedside clinical nurses. Visual art and prose created by patients and care partner(s)s are included in the chapters. The book also includes an introduction written by the nurse authors, a methods chapter on the inclusion of IPA in a case study, and poignant epilogue. The premise of nursing support for survivorship is woven throughout the book, highlighting how giving back aids in recovery identity.This book, full of beautiful artworks and poems, is the work of clinical nurses devoted to improving care for their patients by sharing the patient stories with others. It introduces a unique approach to the case study which could be replicated and applied to any diagnosis.

Jürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher explains how bees communicate. Exciting and surprising new insights on communication between bees. During the history of bee research, scientists have peered deep into the inner life of bee colonies and learned much about the behaviour of these insects. Above all, the bee waggle dance has become a famous and extensively discussed phenomenon. Nevertheless, recent insights reveal that while bees are social insects inside the hive they also communicate with one another outside the hive. In this book, Jürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher, provides an entertaining, fresh and enlightened account for lay and professional readers, not only about the fascinating dance language but also about additional remarkable phenomena concerning information exchange between bees. From the author of the bestseller ¿The Buzz about Bees¿. ¿The Language of Bees¿ assembles, for the first time, a complete overview of how bees understand one another. Although communication biology research on bees has so far concentrated largely on events within the hive, this book directs attention as well, to how bees communicate in the field outside the hive. The reader learns which steps new bee recruits take to reach the feeder a dancing forager has advertised. The book analyses the status of work on the bee dance published over the last 100 years and orders the essential findings as building blocks into a coherent new concept of how bees find their target. In addition, the historical survey of research on the ¿Bee Language¿ explains how several contradictory and incomplete hypotheses can still survive. A fresh point of view on one of the most remarkable behavioural performances in the animal kingdom. Observation from a different viewpoint leads to previously unknown insights. Such new perspectives clearly reveal both how large the gaps in our knowledge still are inrelation to the language of bees and in which direction research must take to complete the picture of one of the most impressive behavioural accomplishments in animals. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Tautz is an expert on bees, sociobiologist, animal behaviourist and emeritus professor at the Biozentrum, University of Würzburg. He is a bestseller author and recipient of many awards of excellence for his successful communication of science to a wide public.

This open access book addresses the complex interrelations between education policy and education practice developed under new ways of governance. It illuminates the nexuses of the interrelated fields of education policy and education practice including the characteristics of these relationships. The book offers a selection of cases with varied approaches to the question of how different actors and stakeholders are situated in contemporary policy and practice nexuses. The cases presented includes theoretical and conceptual studies; historical studies; ethnographic studies; and studies combining empirical interview data and quantitative data. The book shows what constitutes the contemporary nexuses in education and discusses the need to re-consider how we in education research approach policy and practice in the interface between structure and agency for the future developments in the education policy-practice nexus.

This open access book addresses the complex interrelations between education policy and education practice developed under new ways of governance. It illuminates the nexuses of the interrelated fields of education policy and education practice including the characteristics of these relationships. The book offers a selection of cases with varied approaches to the question of how different actors and stakeholders are situated in contemporary policy and practice nexuses. The cases presented includes theoretical and conceptual studies; historical studies; ethnographic studies; and studies combining empirical interview data and quantitative data. The book shows what constitutes the contemporary nexuses in education and discusses the need to re-consider how we in education research approach policy and practice in the interface between structure and agency for the future developments in the education policy-practice nexus.

This text provides a detailed and self-contained introduction to the core topics of optimal control for finite-dimensional deterministic dynamical systems. Skillfully designed to guide the student through the development of the subject, the book provides a rich collection of examples, exercises, illustrations, and applications, to support comprehension of the material. Solutions to odd-numbered exercises are included, while a complete set of solutions is available to instructors who adopt the text for their class. The book is adaptable to coursework for final year undergraduates in (applied) mathematics or beginning graduate students in engineering. Required mathematical background includes calculus, linear algebra, a basic knowledge of differential equations, as well as a rudimentary acquaintance with control systems. The book has developed out of lecture notes that were tested, adapted, and expanded over many years of teaching. Chapters 1-4 constitute the material for a basic course on optimal control, covering successively the calculus of variations, minimum principle, dynamic programming, and linear quadratic control. The additional Chapter 5 provides brief views to a number of selected topics related to optimal control, which are meant to peak the reader¿s interest. Some mathematical background is summarized in Appendix A for easy review. Appendix B recalls some of the basics of differential equations and also provides a detailed treatment of Lyapunov stability theory including LaSalle¿s invariance principle, as occasionally used in Chapters 3 and 4.

Healthcare professionals throughout the world heed a calling that compels them to devote their lives to the treatment of their patients. While this work is generally rewarding, these professionals frequently fall victim to stressors and happiness barriers that impact their ability to function at work, the longevity of their career and the quality of their relationships outside of the hospital. Burnout, diminished career fulfilment, substance abuse, and suicide data for healthcare professionals demonstrate that the risks to this population are incredibly real. Unfortunately, there is nothing to suggest that any of these stressors are improving as pandemics, access disparities, changes in healthcare system structure, and patient complexity further escalate work-related challenges. Thankfully, there are sources of help readily available to each of us. All healthcare professionals have encountered a colleague, mentor or expert who has already navigated or has a perspective on how to thrive in the setting of hardship. This book will organize the voices of these leaders in a way that provides readers with a source for advice and inspiration. Sections of chapters are dedicated to work-life balance, family, finances, faith, resiliency, and recovery. For those healthcare workers actively caring for patients and struggling with their career, this book will serve as a source of solace and inspiration that should help to reinvigorate and extend a successful career.

This edited volume discusses the socioeconomic, environmental, and policy implications of smart cities. Written by international experts in energy economics and policy, the chapters present wide range of high quality theoretical and empirical studies at the nexus of social, entrepreneurial, governmental and ecological transformation. The book covers a wide range of topics, with a view towards providing empirical evidence of the benefits of smart cities as well as practical frameworks for smart city initiatives. Topics discussed include: smart city transition pillars, innovation for smart and sustainable cities design and implementation, smart city governance, smart mobility within cities, and smart cities in emerging economies. This volume will be of use to students and researchers interested in resource economics, energy economics, sustainability, ICT, and governance, as well as policymakers working on smart city initiatives.This is an open access book.

This edited volume discusses the socioeconomic, environmental, and policy implications of smart cities. Written by international experts in energy economics and policy, the chapters present wide range of high quality theoretical and empirical studies at the nexus of social, entrepreneurial, governmental and ecological transformation. The book covers a wide range of topics, with a view towards providing empirical evidence of the benefits of smart cities as well as practical frameworks for smart city initiatives. Topics discussed include: smart city transition pillars, innovation for smart and sustainable cities design and implementation, smart city governance, smart mobility within cities, and smart cities in emerging economies. This volume will be of use to students and researchers interested in resource economics, energy economics, sustainability, ICT, and governance, as well as policymakers working on smart city initiatives.This is an open access book.

This book covers problems involving a variety of fractional differential equations, as well as some involving the generalized Hilfer fractional derivative, which unifies the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. The authors highlight the existence, uniqueness, and stability results for various classes of fractional differential equations based on the most recent research in the area. The book discusses the classic and novel fixed point theorems related to the measure of noncompactness in Banach spaces and explains how to utilize them as tools. The authors build each chapter upon the previous one, helping readers to develop their understanding of the topic. The book includes illustrated results, analysis, and suggestions for further study.

This volume presents innovative approaches for confronting environmental issues and socio-ecological inequality within Outdoor Environmental Education (OEE). Through experimentation with alternative pedagogical possibilities, it explores what OEE can do in response to ecological precarity. Drawing upon posthumanist theory, it focuses on the enactment of more-than-human pedagogies that foster affirmative environmental relationships while challenging problematic cultural perspectives. The 12 chapters explore various topics, including place-responsive pedagogies, environmental stories, new materialist theoretical insights and waste education practices, engaging with complex environmental issues such as species extinction and climate change in the context of OEE. This book provides practical examples and conceptual creativity to extend contemporary theoretical currents. It offers innovative pedagogical strategies and methodological insights for OEE. Researchers, students, and practitioners of OEE interested in applying posthumanist ideas to their work will find this volume most interesting.

This open access book reviews the trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk and discusses the main findings of five global surveys that were coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) from 2000 to 2019. Human milk was selected as core matrix for human exposure under the Global Monitoring Plan for effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Milk from well-defined groups of mothers was collected and mixed to form a representative sample per country. Datasets collected represent the largest global human tissues survey with a harmonized protocol, carried out in a uniform format for more than two decades. Altogether 69 countries participated in these studies between 2000 and 2015, and more than 40 countries participated in the study from 2016 to 2019.Divided into 5 parts, the book offers an authoritative overview of human milk biomonitoring; collates the harmonized sampling requirements and analytical methods for the identification and quantification of contaminants in human milk; examines the results of the WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies, including the identification of selected chlorinated pesticides, dioxin-like compounds, industrial chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated paraffins, polybrominated POPs and PFAS, among others; and traces geographic, temporal and cross-substance trends and correlations, and human health risks. The book finishes by providing the reader with the summary of the main findings and outlook from these studies, in which the comparison of concentrations found for the wide range of POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention allowed the identification of possible needs for actions and follow-ups in different countries/regions.This book contributes to the understanding of exposure to hazardous chemicals and pollution as addressed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals on Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3) and will appeal to environmental and analytical chemists, researchers, professionals, and policymakers interested in learning more about contaminants in human milk. Given its breadth, this book will also appeal to a broader audience interested in maternal and child health.

This book explores and demonstrates how geometric tools can be used in data analysis. Beginning with a systematic exposition of the mathematical prerequisites, covering topics ranging from category theory to algebraic topology, Riemannian geometry, operator theory and network analysis, it goes on to describe and analyze some of the most important machine learning techniques for dimension reduction, including the different types of manifold learning and kernel methods. It also develops a new notion of curvature of generalized metric spaces, based on the notion of hyperconvexity, which can be used for the topological representation of geometric information.In recent years there has been a fascinating development: concepts and methods originally created in the context of research in pure mathematics, and in particular in geometry, have become powerful tools in machine learning for the analysis of data. The underlying reason for this is that data are typically equipped with some kind of notion of distance, quantifying the differences between data points. Of course, to be successfully applied, the geometric tools usually need to be redefined, generalized, or extended appropriately.Primarily aimed at mathematicians seeking an overview of the geometric concepts and methods that are useful for data analysis, the book will also be of interest to researchers in machine learning and data analysis who want to see a systematic mathematical foundation of the methods that they use.

This textbook provides an accessible overview of statistical learning methods and techniques, and includes case studies using the statistical software Stata. After introductory material on statistical learning concepts and practical aspects, each further chapter is devoted to a statistical learning algorithm or a group of related techniques. In particular, the book presents logistic regression, regularized linear models such as the Lasso, nearest neighbors, the Naive Bayes classifier, classification trees, random forests, boosting, support vector machines, feature engineering, neural networks, and stacking. It also explains how to construct n-gram variables from text data. Examples, conceptual exercises and exercises using software are featured throughout, together with case studies in Stata, mostly from the social sciences; true to the book¿s goal to facilitate the use of modern methods of data science in the field. Although mainly intended for upper undergraduate and graduatestudents in the social sciences, given its applied nature, the book will equally appeal to readers from other disciplines, including the health sciences, statistics, engineering and computer science.

This open access book examines how the form of the list features as a tool for meaning-making in the genre of detective fiction from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The book analyzes how both readers and detectives rely on listing as an ordering and structuring tool, and highlights the crucial role that lists assume in the reading process. It extends the boundaries of an emerging field dedicated to the study of lists in literature and caters to a newly revived interest in form and New Formalist approaches in narratological research. The central aim of this book is to show how detective fiction makes use of lists in order to frame various conceptions of knowledge. The frames created by these lists are crucial to decoding the texts, and they can be used to demonstrate how readers can be engaged in the act of detection or manipulated into accepting certain propositions in the text.

This book provides a unique introduction for business leaders to the philosophical lexicon of classical and contemporary ideas¿for and against¿that are relevant to business and those destined to lead it. Rather than presenting the reader with a ¿philosophy of leadership¿ the author uses his experiences in academia and as a leader in business to illustrate the practical application of philosophical ideas and methodologies covering the art and science of being a business leader: motivating stakeholders to deliver the initial phase of a business plan for a new product or service; processing information (and risky ¿hidden-information¿) that brings the company vision into reality; and ethically managing relationships to enhance the quality of decision-making and its outcomes. Creative aspiration, knowledge and ethical character are the three pillars of leadership. Within that construct, this book challenges leaders to seek their own path to self-development inspired by ideas that shape the ecology of capitalism and the opportunities it provides stakeholders to endow meaning and dignity to their lives through their participation in business.

This book is a self-contained treatment for those who study or work on the computational aspects of classical modular forms. The author describes the theory of modular forms and its applications in number theoretic problems such as representations by quadratic forms and the determination of asymptotic formulas for Fourier coefficients of different types of special functions. A detailed account of recent applications of modular forms in number theory with a focus on using computer algorithms is provided. Computer algorithms are included for each presented application to help readers put the theory in context and make new conjectures.

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the field of augmented reality (AR) in its entirety and sets out to distinguish AR from other inter-related technologies like virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR).

As mainstream psychology was never intended for the HCI practitioner, this second edition of A Psychology of User Experience takes the opportunity to create a new chapter specifically written for practitioners, that is, UX-oriented psychology rather than the all-too familiar everyday variety. For example, we discuss our two modes of cognition (fast / slow or controlled / automatic); we underline the importance of familiarity; and how and why we check our phones every few seconds day or night. We also establish the ¿context for user experience¿ noting that just about everyone uses a cell phone and very many own a smartphone too and have done so for years (so, how did they learn to use them?). User experience reflects the current vogue for ¿designing for experience¿ within HCI which we recognise as something we feel rather than have reasoned about. In the real world, our feelings tell us how we are doing but with UX, they tell us how we feel about using digital technology. Topics are introduced to UX which maybe unfamiliar such as virtual experiences and virtual emotions and the affect associated with the uncontrolled use of digital technology.A Psychology of User Experience stands as a companion text to the author¿s HCI Redux text which discusses the contemporary treatment of cognition in human-computer interaction.

This book aims at disseminating information and knowledge in Gerontechnology, a topic that is still considered a specific area of interest for techno-experts (i.e. informatics, engineers, bio-engineers, bio-statistics, etc.) while there is a relatively low diffusion of technological expertise among clinicians and other health professionals who are involved in the care of older people.In many parts of the world, average life expectancy is rising consistently, and at the same time technology is developing at a dramatic pace. This means having completely new options for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diseases and disabilities of older people but also a new challenge to improve the quality of life by promoting an active and healthy aging at population level. This book explores the technical developments that are beginning to change the management of diseases and disabilities of geriatric patients. These include advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), i.e. the new online services in healthcare and electronic medical-health records, Assistive Technologies (AT), i.e. behavior and motility monitoring sensorial tools, smart homes tools and telemedicine tools as well as Human¿Computer Interaction technologies (HCI), i.e. robots for supporting people with mobility or cognitive limitations, humanoid robots, exoskeletons and rehabilitation robots. The Work is divided into three main parts: 1) Technology in a world of aging people, 2) Clinical applications of technologies in older people, and 3) Older people and technologies interaction including privacy issues, acceptability of technologies by older people and education and training of healthcare professionals in gerontechnology. The book will be an invaluable tool for geriatricians and other health professionals who are involved in the care of older people.

This edited volume brings together innovative research in the field of Science Education, fostering scientific citizenship in an uncertain world. The nineteen chapters presented in this book address diverse topics, and research approaches carried out in various contexts and settings worldwide, contributing to improving and updating knowledge on science education. The book consists of selected high-quality studies presented at the 14th European Science Education Research Association (ESERA) Conference, held online (due to the Covid-19 pandemic) by the University of Minho, Portugal, between August 30th and September 3rd, 2021. Being of great relevance in contemporary science education, this book stimulates reflection on different approaches to enhance a deeper understanding of how better prepare the coming generations, which is of great interest to science education researchers and science teachers.

Numerous advancements are being brought in and incorporated into the cloud domain with the aim of realizing a trove of deeper and decisive automations.Rather than discussing the cloud paradigm in isolation, this fully updated text examines how cloud computing can work collaboratively with other computing models to meet the needs of evolving trends.This multi-dimensional approach encompasses the challenges of fulfilling the storage requirements of big data, the use of the cloud as a remote server for Internet of Things and sensor networks, and an investigation of how cloud computing is interlinked with other established computing phenomenon such as edge computing. New chapters illustrate the distinct ideals of the cloud-native computing, proclaimed as the next-generation cloud computing paradigm.Topics and features:Includes learning objectives, motivating questions, and self-test exercisesIntroduces the underlying concepts, fundamental features, and key technological foundations of cloud computingExamines how enterprise networking and cloud networking can work together to achieve business goalsReviews the different types of cloud storage available to address the evolution of data and the need for digitizationDiscusses the challenges and approaches to implementing cloud governance, security, and the hot topic of cloud managementDescribes the details of cloud migration, the crucial role of monitoring in optimizing the cloud, and the basics of disaster recovery using cloud infrastructureThis technically rigorous, yet simple-to-follow textbook is an ideal resource for graduate courses on cloud computing. Professional software developers and cloud architects will also find the work to be an invaluable reference.

There are moments in leadership when opportunities open up: Opportunities for better teamwork, opportunities for orientation, for professional conversations, and for personal development and reflection. This book describes over 60 such opportunities, pragmatic, solution-oriented, and tested for many years. Based on concrete examples, it thus provides impulses for effective strategies and new ways of solving problems in all areas of cooperation and leadership. The book is intended to serve as a guide from which not only leaders but also managers and coaches can benefit.

This book explores communication as a key influence on the trajectory of conflicts and crises in the specific context of academia. From the ideological responsibilities of academia to the profit-seeking motives of institutions, the authors explore challenges facing faculty across multiple disciplines. Critique of the higher education industry is more necessary than ever in the context of academic corporatization and marketization. Academia in Conflict reveals how institutional discourses can contribute to or mitigate conflict and crisis, offering communication practices that prioritize stakeholder experiences and needs. Enduring academic crises are addressed, including declines in public funding, mental health emergencies, and threats to job stability. Academia in Conflict provides crucial insights for navigating the challenges of higher education today.