Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer International Publishing

This book focuses on the technologies developed for the conversion of all three biomass components, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their constituents, to fuels and high-value products. Both biochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed. Additionally, the developed technologies are described in detail and their potential applications as well as their commercial status are discussed.  The early attempts to produce fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock focused solely on the biological conversion of cellulose because the only organism that had been used successfully for commercial production of ethanol, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could only ferment glucose, which was obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose. Hemicellulose and lignin were considered as wastes in these processes and were normally removed in pretreatment processes to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining cellulose.However, this approach was not economically feasible and as a result, the biorefinery concept was developed. In a biorefinery, in addition to ethanol, various higher-value products are produced from hemicellulose and lignin, which were previously not considered. Consequently, technologies were developed for the fractionation of biomass and conversion of hemicellulose and lignin to fuels and high-value products to improve the economic feasibility.Written and edited by a team of investigators with many years of experience in biomass processing research and development, this book is an informative resource for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies both in academia- and commercial laboratories.

This book presents deliberations on molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying the interactions of crop plants to the abiotic stresses caused by heat, cold, drought, flooding, submergence, salinity, acidity, etc., important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding, and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in vegetable crops is imperative for addressing FHNEE (food, health, nutrition, energy, and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing has provided precise information regarding the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining, and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to abiotic stresses.The nine chapters each dedicated to a vegetable crop or crop group in this volume elucidate on different types of abiotic stresses and their effects on and interaction with the crop; enumerate on the available genetic diversity with regard to abiotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate on the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; present brief on classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; depict the success stories of genetic engineering for developing abiotic stress-resistant crop varieties; discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; enunciate on different genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery, and gene pyramiding for developing adaptive crop varieties with higher quantity and quality of yields, and also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating abiotic stress-resistant crops

Dieses prägnante Lehrbuch führt einen Systemansatz in die Technik ein und beschreibt tribologische, mechatronische und cyber-physikalische Systeme sowie das technologische Konzept der Industrie 4.0 für Studierende verschiedener technischer Fachrichtungen. "Technologie" bezieht sich in diesem Buch auf die Gesamtheit der vom Menschen geschaffenen, nutzenorientierten Produkte, die auf technischen Kombinationen von Material, Energie und Information basieren. Dr. Czichos untersucht Technologie in diesem Band im Kontext des Systemdenkens im Hinblick auf die folgenden Haupttechnologiebereiche:Technische Systeme mit "interagierenden Oberflächen in Relativbewegung", insbesondere im Maschinenbau, in der Produktion und im Transportwesen; einschließlich der Analyse von reibungsbedingten Energieverlusten und verschleißbedingter Materialdissipation. Technische Systeme, die eine Kombination aus Mechanik, Elektronik, Steuerung und Computertechnik für die Bedürfnissevon Industrie und Gesellschaft erfordern. Technische Systeme mit einer Kombination aus Mechatronik und Internetkommunikation. Cyber-physikalische Systeme für die Digitalisierung der Industrie im Entwicklungsprojekt Industrie 4.0.Betrachtet Technik als Kombination aus der physischen Welt und der digitalen virtuellen Welt der Information und Kommunikation.Beschreibt den Produktzyklus von technischen Systemen und die Eckpfeiler der Technik: Material, Energie und Information.Stellt eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung von Technik und Engineering dar.

This book mines the space where aesthetic expression meets lived experience for Irish artists Rita Duffy, Mairéad McClean, Paula McFetridge and Ursula Burke. Portrait essays woven with photographs, document each artist¿s coming of age in Ireland and Northern Ireland, in the context of her emerging practice. As individuals, their work considers infringements on human rights, systemic violence, gender roles and the negotiation of figurative and literal borders and boundaries. Together, they interrogate past and present conflict and emergence from conflict, locally and globally. Their critical work is threaded with hope in the context of past and present political fragmentation. Works considered include Rita Duffy¿s paintings, drawings and animation like Siege, The Emperor Has No Clothes and Anatomy of Hope; Mairéad McClean¿s films No More, Broadcast and Making Her Mark; Paula McFetridge¿s productions like convictions, staged at the Crumlin Road Courthouse, This is What We Sang, performed at the Belfast Synagogue and Belfast Quartered, A Love Story, a promenade through Belfast¿s LGBTQ+ underground; and Ursula Burke¿s sculptures like Bonfire, Blue Sphinx and Peach Caryatid, and embroidery like The Politicians Frieze.

This book relates one of the most representative species of Patagonian wildlife, the guanaco, to human societies across time, and explores how that relationship has changed over time due to different land uses and productive interests. The book provides information to understand these interactions, and contextualizes the current situation of this species. In some cases, it proposes possible solutions to conflicts, and also shows ongoing activities aimed at sustainable use and conservation. The audience for this book includes researchers, graduate students, policy makers and conservation and rural development professionals. In addition, it will serve as a tool for application authorities and field technicians on the use and conservation of wildlife, to define management actions for this species. 

Performing any diagnostic test in medicine is always a matter of trying to get the condition of the patient diagnosed properly with the least effort, exposure, discomfort and at the same time with the lowest possible error probability.Pre-test probability is helpful but often imprecise, effectively overestimating the patient's risk profile. In a broader prevention objective, the phases of a disease, its onset, progression, and complications must be taken into account. The negative predictive value, which is so important, has in turn its main limitation in identifying the healthy patient, that is, the one who does not belong to any cluster of patients in which we would act in terms of prevention. In coronary syndromes, the goal is instead to evaluate coronary heart disease, from mild to more extensive and significant forms. For this purpose, it is necessary to use parameters that investigate different and complementary aspects: stenosis, ischemia, the morphology of the atherosclerotic plaque, metabolic processes, in particular vitality and apoptosis, the presence of inflammatory processes. The possibility, already present thanks to Hybrid Imaging, of 'joining' exams that study different aspects, will allow the patient to be increasingly characterized not only from a diagnostic point of view but also from a prognostic and personalized therapeutic choice.

This concise volume serves as a ready guide to using Socratic dialogue with psychotherapy clients.  In very clear language, this volume takes the reader through a working definition of the Socratic method and its clinical application. Used often in cognitive-behavioral therapy, this method is useful to all modes of psychotherapy. This guide provides a solid background to understanding Socratic questioning and examines the various types of questions that may be employed, as well as the different levels that may apply. Theory and explication are bolstered by numerous clinical examples. Useful for both beginning and experienced therapists, this book will enhance the therapeutic relationship and contribute effectively to better outcomes.

Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and reproduction. Their signaling pathways are interconnected in a complex network, which provides plants with an enormous regulatory potential to rapidly adapt to their environment and to utilize their limited resources for growth and survival in a cost-efficient manner. Auxin is a hormone molecule whose activity levels are most important for its regulatory roles during plant cell, organ, and tissue development. Therefore, the precise regulation of auxin levels is an essential mechanism to fine-tune the activity of this powerful hormone during plant growth and development. Likewise, cytokinins exhibit a wide range of physiological functions, including regulation of shoot and root apical meristems, stimulation of branching, vascular development, chloroplast differentiation, stabilization of the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery, delay of senescence, stomata opening, and elevation of the sink strength and nutritional signaling. Moreover, gibberellins also regulate many aspects of plant growth and development including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, and flower and fruit development. The broad implication of gibberellins in plant development is strictly associated with tight regulation of their metabolism by multiple environmental and endogenous factors, ranging from light and temperature to other hormones including feedback control. Understanding the significant roles of these phytohormones in plant biology, the current subject has attracted the attention of scientists from across the globe. This comprehensive volume "e;Auxins, Cytokinins and Gibberellins Signaling in Plants"e; highlights the various prospects involved in the current scenario. The book comprises the chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, molecular biology, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, etc.

This book shows readers a new way of thinking about the engineering design process, as well as how to expand their understanding of the role of technical designers in society, whether working with international communities or user populations from their own hometown. As readers build an understanding of Contextual Engineering, this book will challenge them to think about the applicability of the concept more broadly, not only in terms of technical design but in personal and professional interactions with others as well. At the same time, readers will learn techniques to explore their own predispositions and the biases they may not be aware they have, equipping them to interact with others more impartially. This self-reflection process also assists the designer in working with and accepting the uncertainty that is inherent in exploring context.

This book argues that the way to ensure that American Jewish life flourishes is to create vibrant local communities and that the ability to thrive will be won or lost in the trenches of each locality. For every generalization about the Jews of America, one can say, "e;maybe, but it depends where."e; In the United States, Jewish life is up close and personal where local variations on national themes make a huge difference.The author presents case studies using in-depth analysis of data from nine Jewish community studies to illuminate eleven critical American Jewish policy issues. The analysis is used to formulate a range of policy options for different types of communities.This book is for anyone who cares about the future of American Jewry. It should be of particular interest to the lay leaders and professionals who play a role in Jewish nonprofits. It is also of great interest to researchers and students of Jewish studies and Jewish communal service.

This book covers modeling, control and stability aspects of hybrid AC/DC power networks. More specifically, this book provides an in-depth analysis of the stability and control aspects of hybrid AC/DC power grids, with comprehensive coverage of theoretical aspects of conventional stability issues (e.g., small-signal stability, voltage stability and frequency stability), emerging stability issues (e.g., converter associated stability) and control strategies applied in this emerging hybrid AC/DC power grids. This book takes a more pragmatic approach with a unique compilation of timely topics related to hybrid AC/DC networks compared with other books in this field. Therefore, this book provides the reader with comprehensive information on modeling, control and stability aspects which need to consider when modeling and analysis of hybrid AC/DC power grids for power system dynamics and stability studies. Each chapter provides fundamental stability theories, some worked examples and case studies to explain various modeling, analysis and control concepts introduced in the chapter. Therefore, postgraduate research students, power system researchers and power system engineers benefit from the materials presented in this book and assist them to model and device new control strategies to overcome the stability challenges of the emerging hybrid AC/DC power grid.

One of the most pressing issues in current and future human resource management is the inclusion of strengths and life stages within human resource structures. This book examines in a multi-perspective, innovative and participatory way the conditioning factors for persistent stereotyping processes in the context of age and work. Levers for change as well as the circular model for optimizing or implementing life-phase oriented human resource management are presented. The book is valuable for lecturers and students with a focus on corporate and human resources management. It also offers practical assistance for corporate leaders and human resources managers for the implementation of a strength-oriented human resources management.

The book provides a comprehensive analyses of Vygotsky's and Piaget's theories implementation in modern preschool education. It analyzes the problem of the relationship between the natural and the cultural in the context of Vygotsky and Jean Piaget theories. Their discourses complemented each other: whereas Vygotsky developed his theory in the direction from society (culture) to the individual child, Piaget's movement was the opposite: from individual child to society. These two approaches confront modern world with the need to analyze the problem of childhood: is childhood a period of cultural exploration or is it a special form of relationship in which both the egocentrism and consciousness of the child, and the egocentrism and consciousness of culture are represented?Readers will gain insight into the methodology that makes possible to unite up-to-date views based on Vygotsky and Piaget theories on child development and education. 

This book offers the first in-depth investigation into the relationship between the National Birth Control Association, later the Family Planning Association, and contraceptive science and technology in the pre-Pill era. It explores the Association¿s role in designing and supporting scientific research, employment of scientists, engagement with manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies, and use of its facilities, patients, staff, medical, scientific, and political networks to standardise and guarantee contraceptive technology it prescribed and produced. By taking a micro-history approach to the archives of the Association, this book highlights the importance of this organisation to the history of science, technology, and medicine in twentieth-century Britain. It examines the Association¿s participation within Western family planning networks, working particularly closely with its American counterparts to develop chemical and biological means of testing contraception for efficacy, quality, and safety.

This book is composed by the papers written in English and accepted for presentation and discussion at The 2022 International Conference on Information Technology & Systems (ICITS'22), held at Tecnologico de Costa Rica, in San Carlos, Costa Rica, between the 9th and the 11th of February 2022.ICIST is a global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent findings and innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges of modern information technology and systems research, together with their technological development and applications.The main topics covered are: information and knowledge management; organizational models and information systems; software and systems modelling; software systems, architectures, applications and tools; multimedia systems and applications; computer networks, mobility and pervasive systems; intelligent and decision support systems; big data analytics and applications; human-computer interaction; ethics, computers & security; health informatics; information technologies in education, and Media, Applied Technology and Communication.

This book offers an update on several basic and clinical problems in neurosurgery compiled by internationally recognized experts.  This multi-thematic volume  will touch on a variety of topics: from  the role of women neurosurgeons in the last hundred year of the specialty history, to the pathogenesis of spinal dysraphism, to the convection-enhanced delivery of intracerebral antineoplastic drugs in children, through a review of methods and applications. The intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery will be also discussed, offering again a comprehensive review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives.  As for the  technical standards, the book will describe the multimodality approach to cerebral gliomas, the management of thalamic tumors, the intracavitary treatment of craniopharyngiomas, the long term results of spasticity treatments,  the surgical treatment of  spinal vascular malformations, the management of idiopathic and refractory syringomyelia, offering at the same time an update of peripheral nerve surgery. All the chapters have to be considered an advance in the relative fields,  in cerebral pathophysiology and in clinical management.   Approaching the issue of technical standards  in the everyday clinical practice of neurosurgery,  this book is of great interest for neurosurgeons, neurologists and orthopaedists.

This book gives readers an overview about technologies that are useful for developments related to Smart Cities.Some technologies are already available, such for example, as smart meters for electricity and gas in buildings. But there are possibilities to incorporate existing devices into wider networks with other smart devices that currently operate independently. This in turn will considerably improve the reduction of the energy consumption in buildings, reduction of emission pollutions in cities and improvement of the well-being of people. The other objective of this book is to introduce readers to new technologies which are not yet implemented in areas related to the efficient functioning of cities. For example, areas related to Intelligent Transport Systems are mostly developed for the optimization of the traffic flow, reduction of accidents on roads, improvement of the safety of drivers and related to road transportation problems. The rapid advances in Blockchain technologies are also covered.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligence Science, ICIS 2022, held in Xi'an, China, in August 2022. The 41 full and 5 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Brain cognition; machine learning; data intelligence; language cognition; remote sensing images; perceptual intelligence; wireless sensor; and medical artificial intelligence.

The book presents the recent advances on testing and experimentation in civil engineering, especially in the branches of geotechnics, transportation, hydraulics, and natural resources. It includes advances in physical modelling, monitoring techniques, data acquisition and analysis, and provides an invaluable contribution for the installation of new civil engineering experimental facilities. The first part of the book covers the latest advances in testing and experimentation in key domains of geotechnics: soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, rock mechanics and rock engineering, and engineering geology. Some of the topics covered include new developments in topographic survey acquisition for applied mapping and in situ geotechnical investigations; laboratory and in situ tests to estimate the relevant parameters needed to model the behaviour of rock masses and land structures; monitoring and inspection techniques designed for offshore wind foundations. The second part of the book highlights the relevance of testing and monitoring in transportation. Full-scale accelerated pavement testing, and instrumentation becomes even more important nowadays when, for sustainability purposes, non-traditional materials are used in road and airfield pavements. Innovation in testing and monitoring pavements and railway tracks is also developed in this part of the book. Intelligent traffic systems are the new traffic management paradigm, and an overview of new solutions is addressed here. Finally, in the third part of the book, trends in the field and laboratory measurements and corresponding data analysis are presented according to the different hydraulic domains addressed in this publication, namely maritime hydraulics, surface water and river hydraulics and urban water.