Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer International Publishing

This book presents a systematic review of multidimensional normalization methods and addresses problems frequently encountered when using various methods and ways to eliminate them. The invariant properties of the linear normalization methods presented here can be used to eliminate simple problems and avoid obvious errors when choosing a normalization method. The book introduces valuable, novel techniques for the multistep normalization of multidimensional data. One of these methods involves inverting the normalized values of cost attributes into profit attributes based on the reverse sorting algorithm (ReS algorithm). Another approach presented is the IZ method, which addresses the issue of shift in normalized attribute values. Additionally, a new method for normalizing the decision matrix is proposed, called the MS method, which ensures the equalization of average values and variances of attributes.Featuring numerous illustrative examples throughout, the book helps readers to understand what difficulties can arise in multidimensional normalization, what to expect from such problems, and how to solve them. It is intended for academics and professionals in various areas of data science, computing in mathematics, and statistics, as well as decision-making and operations.

This volume presents a selection of contributions from international environmental scholars and water researchers. The book includes significant topics on earth and environmental sciences such as water resources and water quality, soil quality and sediment contamination, air pollution and climate change, and issues related to clean production. The themes were chosen according to the current global issues covering major aspects of their respective fields. The aim of the book was to discover advances, experiences and innovative ideas on issues related to earth and environmental sciences, to share experiences and research findings, discuss challenges encountered and solutions in order to have opportunities to establish productive new academic and industry research collaborations.

This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of the collection, management, and use of big data obtained from remote sensing. The book begins with an introduction to the basics of big data and remote sensing, laying the groundwork for the more specialized information to follow. The volume then goes on to address a wide variety of topics related to the use and management of remote sensing big data, including hot topics such as analysis through machine learning, cyberinfrastructure, and modeling. Examples on how to use the results of big data analysis of remotely sensed data for concrete decision-making are offered as well. The closing chapters discuss geospatial big data initiatives throughout the world and future challenges and opportunities for remote sensing big data applications. The audience for this book includes researchers at the intersection of geoscience and data science, senior undergraduate and graduate students, and anyone else interested in how large datasets obtained through remote sensing can be best utilized. The book presents a culmination of 30 years of research from renowned spatial scientists Drs. Liping Di and Eugene Yu.

This book offers insight into the relationship between prehistoric and protohistoric human populations and the world around them. It reconstructs key aspects of the palaeoenvironment ¿ from large-scale drivers of environmental conditions, such as climate, to more regional variables such as vegetation cover and faunal communities. The volume underscores how computational archaeology is leading the way in the study of past human-environment interactions across spatial and chronological scales. With the increased availability of high-resolution climate models, agent-based modelling, palaeoecological proxies and the mature use of Geographic Information System in ecological modelling, archaeologists working in interdisciplinary settings are well-positioned to explore the intersection of human systems and environmental affordances and constraints. These methodological advancements provide a better understanding of the role humans played in past ecosystems ¿ both in terms of their impact upon the environment and, in return, the impact of environmental conditions on human systems. They may also allow us to infer past ecological knowledge and land-use patterns that are historically contingent, rather than environmentally determined. This volume gathers contributions that combine reconstructions of past environments and archeological data with a view to exploring their complex interactions at different scales and invites scholars from varying disciplines and backgrounds to present and compare different modelling approaches.

Despite the significance of urban justice in planning research and practice, how just societies and cities can be organised and achieved remains contested. Spatial justice provides an integrative and unifying theory concerning place, policies, people and their interplay, but ambiguities about its practical bases have undermined its application in planning. Through creating and substantiating a new conceptual framework comprising a morphological study, policy analysis and embodiment research, this book crystallises the spatiality of (in)justice and (in)justice of spatiality in the context of social housing redevelopment.Like many countries around the world, social housing in Aotearoa New Zealand is an area of contention, especially at the building and redevelopment stages. Protecting community character and human rights has been used by social housing tenants to resist changes, but the primary focus on material outcomes neglects broadening access toplanning processes. Compact, mixed tenure and sustainable (re)developments are regarded as the just built environment, as they enable equal accessibility to all. But there are contradictions between the planned spatiality of justice and individuals¿ socialised sensory space. Reconciliation of morphological differentiations in built forms and social cohesion remains a challenging task. This book focuses on the re-examination, integration and transferability of spatial justice. It makes a new contribution to urban justice theory by strengthening spatial justice and planning. Social housing areas are expected to adapt to changing social and economic demands while retaining much-valued established community character. This book also provides practical strategies for tackling complex planning problems in social housing redevelopment.

This book works to unpack and explicate women¿s personas. Drawing on global gender studies and feminist research, the author examines how ¿woman¿ has been constructed socially, culturally, and politically throughout different historical periods and feminist movements. Case studies look at how women in different personal and professional settings construct, enact, and navigate their personas against a backdrop of shifting discourses on gender relations, continued patriarchal dominance, and western neoliberal capitalism. Chapters also delve into how women¿s personas are constructed online through activism and community building. The author examines the diversity, flexibility, and slipperiness of the ways being a woman is experienced and strategically performed.This book will be useful for scholars and students in Gender Studies, Sociology, Psychology, and Media Studies.

This volume is the first on the market to address and discuss the emerging field of cancer neuroscience. Edited by pioneers in the field with contributions from top researchers, the volume serves as a comprehensive overview of the role of nerves in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Chapters will address how the innervation of tumors can serve as both prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as actionable therapeutic targets. Authors will describe current research efforts, and future directions for study and translation to the clinic. It is becoming increasingly apparent that certain treatments will need to consider interactions between the nervous system and cancer, and the novel concepts presented in the book address related accumulating evidence regarding therapeutic strategies.This unique volume will be useful for cancer researchers, neuroscientists, cancer biologists, oncologists, and others looking to gain a greater understanding of this emerging field.

This book discusses the emerging threats to European stability in different borderland regions, from the Greater Middle East to the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans and the Black Sea. It highlights the specific geopolitical risks that could, left unchecked, have global repercussions. The book shows how recent events have exasperated underlying problems that have been slowly destabilizing each of these regions for years. It also looks at the geopolitical constraints and objectives of the countries within these regions to build a basis for understanding their current and future security challenges. While doing so, the book discusses the European borderlands in a non-traditional way, proposing a specific framework to study them, going beyond historical analysis and employing a heuristic process and in-depth socio-economic analysis to understand regional power relations and trends. It develops the key concepts of "core borderland" and "geopolitical node" to understand the future challenges that Europe in particular and Eurasia, in general, will face, discussing specific features shaping current affairs and identifying the main drivers - countries and specific regional elements - for the future stability of the borderlands.This book will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, as well as policy-makers, practitioners, and international organizations interested in a better understanding of current and future challenges at Europe's borderlands and the security risks the European continent faces.

The American gun control debate is best understood as a battle in a war over the influence of individualism on American culture, politics, and policy. This book demonstrates that the gun debate is fundamentally about values. Specifically, it is about what we value most: private rights, or the public good. This helps explain why the technical, empirical, or legalistic arguments we hear aren¿t persuasive. A review of scholarly literature on both the politics of gun control and American political culture finds an American bias toward an individualism that embraces personal rights. We argue that this bias stacks the deck against gun control. Interviews we conducted with activists show that support for, or opposition to, gun control is linked to concern for the public, or private, good. Finally, we trace the federal gun control debate in Washington from the 1960s to 2010s to show the ebbs and flows of individualism¿s influence.

This edited volume focuses on the cultural production of knowledge in the academy as mediated or presented through film and television. This focus invites scrutiny of how the academy itself is viewed in popular culture from The Chair to Terry Pratchett's ¿Unseen University¿ and Doctor Who's Time Lord Academy among others. Spanning a number of genres and key film and television series, the volume is also inherently interdisciplinary with perspectives from History, Cultural Studies, Gender Studies, STEM, and more. This collection brings together leading experts in different disciplines and from different national backgrounds. It emphasises that even at a point of mass, global participation in higher education, the academy is still largely mediated by popular culture and understood through the tropes perpetuated via a multimedia landscape.

The book is a comprehensive guide to schematic models of methods engineering, offering a detailed analysis of these models and their applications in a variety of engineering fields. By bringing together the most significant schematic models in a single text and analyzing them according to a common structure, the book enables readers to visualize possible interventions and improvements in work situations. Focused on the conceptualization and analysis of schematic models, the text covers an area of knowledge that is central to production and industrial engineering, but also widely used in other engineering disciplines. The book presents an updated version of a representative set of schematic models, making it an invaluable resource for engineers in the field. With the growing automation of production and the introduction of robotics and the "internet of machines", the use of schematic models is more important than ever in achieving quality and safety in production projects, whether in manufacturing, industrial processes, or services. The book demonstrates how schematic models of methods are essential tools for the study and analysis of current business or production processes, as well as for the implementation of new systems and their maintenance. Overall, this book is a must-read for engineers seeking to improve their knowledge and practical application of schematic models, providing valuable insights and guidance for professionals in a range of engineering fields.

The book provides a comprehensive review of mental health in refugees by discussing its multiple dimensions, and analyzing epidemiology, etiology, and culturally adapted assessment and treatment. Key topics include why certain refugees cope successfully with traumatic experiences while others do not, and the biological, psychological, and social processes underlying posttraumatic stress disorder, common mental disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders.The text examines topics such as complexities of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery for refugees. Furthermore, the roles of culture, social support, and mental health workers in the process of overcoming mental health problems in refugees are discussed. Together, the chapters provide an in-depth examination of the current understood causes, and impacts of mental health problems and treatment of refugees to inform future work in the field. The book gives its readers a solid basis for understanding mental health problems of refugees and sets out to present practitioners with a state-of-the-art summary of all the latest developments and practical guidance. Furthermore, this book provides the practitioner with instructions on how culturally adapted treatments can be used not only with adults, but also with children and young people to help the practitioner to prepare for working with this difficult client group. Drawing from a range of different fields of study, this text will appeal to readers across psychological, mental health, medical, and academic disciplines.

This book argues that conscious experience is sometimes extended outside the brain and body into certain kinds of environmental interaction and tool use. It shows that if one accepts that cognitive states can extend, one must also accept that consciousness can extend. The proponents of Extended Mind defend the former claim, but usually oppose the latter claim. The most important undertaking of this book is to show that this partition is not possible on pain of inconsistency.Pii Telakivi presents three arguments for the hypothesis of Extended Conscious Mind, examines and answers the most common counterarguments, and introduces a novel means to interpret and apply the concept of constitution. She also addresses the tensions between analytic philosophy of mind and enactivism, and builds a bridge between two different traditions: on the one hand, extended mind, and on the other, enactivism and embodied mind¿and maintains that a unifying approach is necessary for atheory about extended consciousness.

This volume focuses on applying the Crispr system in editing the genome of human cells (in vitro and in vivo) and model organisms used in biomedical research. With the advent of Crispr technology, genome editing soon became a procedure of great interest to laboratories worldwide due to its relative ease and accuracy. In biomedical sciences, genome editing by Crispr has already enabled the development of new experimental model systems. In medicine, therapeutic alternatives for the genetic "correction" of diseases have already begun to appear. Therefore, the book's purpose is to bring in a single volume, chapters that show the scientific community in biomedicine, medicine, human genetics, oncology, virology, and parasitology, among others, the advances in genomic editing. In a chapter dedicated to the ethical aspects of human genomic editing, we also address what we can and should do with this (bio)technology. The book chapters were written by productive researchers specializing in Crispr genome editing. The chapters cover the concept of Crispr and genome editing and how to use this new methodology in biomedical research and medicine, among other aspects, including the ethical controversy around its use in humans. The writing of the chapters keeps a specialized language intelligible enough for those who want to introduce themselves to the subject.

This book represents the background of the Barind Tract of Bangladesh with the proximity of drought information, conceptual and logic of the books, history, definition and perception on drought and climate scenario and how people understand underlying causes, impacts and consequences of drought in agriculture, environment, human health and society. It also states the trend and severity of drought of Barind Tract. This book gives the local response to cope, mitigation and adaptation to agricultural drought. The book also addresses the gender response in the hardship of drought in the rural areas. It also elicits the local and indigenous methods of drought prediction and sustainable cultivation and management of drought in agriculture.

This book provides a practically orientated resource that details the use a range of imaging techniques across major specialties plus those that are less well represented in standard textbooks (e.g. cardiothoracic surgery, palliative care, geriatric medicine, skin conditions from diverse ethnic groups). Emphasis is placed on enabling the reader to interpret images and clinical data, while avoiding mistakes and pitfalls in their day-to-day practice. Detailed question and answer sections along with insightful videos reinforce key messages (e.g. visualizing heart murmurs). Grading of questions aids navigation, with more difficult questions to benefit the high-flying students/junior doctors preparing for postgraduate exams/physician associates and advanced nurse practitioners working in a specialist area.Practical Guide to Visualizing Medicine: A Self-Assessment Manual concisely covers how to use imaging techniques in medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology. It emphasizes the value of being able to accurately visualize signs and symptoms to make accurate diagnoses and provide patient-centered care. The added insight given from experienced medical educators on how to select an appropriate medical specialty makes this work critical for all trainee and early-career medical practitioners and allied healthcare professionals.

This book explores the role and development of criminological research in the public sector during the last half-century. It identifies the benefits such research has provided and assesses whether the community has received value for the funds expended. The Australian Institute of Criminology is used as a case study to illustrate the challenges and pressures facing those who have sought to carry out independent crime and justice research in the public sector, to assess what fifty years of work has achieved and to determine whether or not there remains a need for criminologists to be employed by governments. The book is based on extensive archival research, administrative data analysis, interviews with current and previous staff and the perspectives of scholars in comparable institutions globally. It presents new historical information as well as current and future critical perspectives on crime and justice research in a unique Australian government organization.

This book presents the latest research, theoretical methods, and novel applications in the field of Health 5.0. The authors focus on combating COVID-19 or other pandemics through facilitating various technological services. The authors discuss new models, practical solutions, and technological advances related to detecting and analyzing COVID-19 or other pandemic based on machine intelligence models and communication technologies. The aim of the coverage is to help decision-makers, managers, professionals, and researchers design new paradigms considering the unique opportunities associated with computational intelligence and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This book emphasizes the need to analyze all the information through studies and research carried out in the field of computational intelligence, communication networks, and presents the best solutions to combat COVID and other pandemics.

This book is a collection of invited contributions presented at the 8th edition of the International Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Flavour Physics, held on the Island of Capri, Italy, on 11¿13 June 2022. It is a joint workshop between experimentalists and theoreticians aiming at debating recent results and hot topics in flavour physics, in an interdisciplinary effort. Flavour, electroweak physics and neutrino physics are all foremost in the assessment of results within the standard model and search for physics beyond. Anomalies in flavour physics are hints on new physics, while with neutrino masses and oscillations the new physics has already started. Contributions deal mainly with the flavour anomalies, the flavour problem from leptons to quarks and back, including continuous versus discrete symmetries, and the connections between the Higgs sector and neutrinos, embracing see-saw models and Higgs potential analyses. Focus is on neutrinos, at highand low scales, including LHC searches and CLVF, leptogenesis, connections with dark sectors and NP mediators, non-standard neutrino interactions and the problem of the nature of massive neutrinos.

The book presents observations concerning automated decision-making from a general point of view at the same time as it analyses the manner in which praxis in some jurisdictions has evolved as concerns automated decision-making and how the requirements that are placed by the legal orders on it are formulated.The principle of the rule of law should apply in the context of automated decision-making of public authorities just as much as when the decision-makers are physical persons. In sync with increasing automatization of decision-making in public authorities, problematizing questions about the appropriate legal basis for algorithmic decision-making have started emerge. How should the principle of the rule of law apply within the area of automated decision-making, how should automated decision-making be regulated so that it satisfies the requirements created by the principle of the rule of law, and how should the principle of the rule of law be made concrete in decision-makingthat is based on algorithms? The proposal for an AI Act launched by the European Commission in April 2021, including an identification of high-risk uses of algorithmic techniques, raises further questions concerning practices and interpretations related to automated decision-making.The state based on the rule of law proceeds from the maxim that public powers are exercised within a legal frame that makes the exercise of public powers foreseeable in light of legal norms. Also, a state based on the rule of law requires that the contents of the exercise of public powers is regulated by legal norms, which means that the citizens must be able to know everything that is relevant about how the powers will be exercised, not only who it is that will exercise the powers. Because of rules and principles of this kind, including non-discrimination and proportionality, the exercise of powers will not become arbitrary.

This book focuses on methods and models in classification and data analysis and presents real-world applications at the interface with data science. Numerous topics are covered, ranging from statistical inference and modelling to clustering and factorial methods, and from directional data analysis to time series analysis and small area estimation. The applications deal with new developments in a variety of fields, including medicine, finance, engineering, marketing, and cyber risk.The contents comprise selected and peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 13th Scientific Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society, CLADAG 2021, held (online) in Florence, Italy, on September 9¿11, 2021. CLADAG promotes advanced methodological research in multivariate statistics with a special focus on data analysis and classification, and supports the exchange and dissemination of ideas, methodological concepts, numerical methods, algorithms, and computational and applied results at the interface between classification and data science.

This book introduces a unique perspective on the use of data from popular emerging technologies and the effect on user quality of experience (QoE). The term data is first refined into specific types of data such as financial data, personal data, public data, context data, generated data, and the popular big data. The book focuses the responsible use of data, with consideration to ethics and wellbeing, in each setting. The specific nuances of different technologies bring forth interesting case studies, which the book breaks down into mathematical models so they can be analyzed and used as powerful tools. Overall, this perspective on the use of data from popular emerging technologies and the resulting QoE analysis will greatly benefit researchers, educators and students in fields related to ICT studies, especially where there is additional interest in ethics and wellbeing, user experience, data management, and their link to emerging technologies.

The book interprets and recombines, within a subjective trajectory, some roots, pathways and conceptual frames of the planning thought that worked either as dissenting imaginations or generative source to critically question the modernist epistemologies. 'Critical planning and design' is presented in this book as a field of research inspired by critical urban theory and developed along with ideas and theories that prove to be radical, alternative, dialectical to the mainstream history of planning.In this book, scholars present what they consider as the most important books in the field of planning, public policy and design. They have been asked to write about a book and its author, in their preferred manner. This freedom allowed passionate and original contributions.Three main threads - the three parts of the book - shape the choices of the authors. The first concerns the reconstruction of some genealogical roots of planning (including Cerda, Yona Friedman, Alberto Magnaghi, and Ian McHarg). The second thread groups the authors who dialogue with contemporary protagonists of the planning debate (including John Friedmann, Leonie Sandercock, Doreen Massey, David Harvey, Tom Sievert,  and Patzy Healey). The third thread includes authors who dig into relevant writings in social and philosophical sciences (including Max Weber, Charles Lindblom, Henri Lefebvre, Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari, Georges Didi-Huberman, Robert Nozick, Pand hilip K Dick).The book is addressed to researchers of planning and urban studies, who value the critical re-reading of some fundamental books. Including thoughtful and critical arguments on influential thinkers of the past two centuries, the book will enable students, scholars and researchers of planning, design, political science, geographical, environmental, and urban studies to better understand the socio-spatial and ecological transformations under the contemporary transition while relying on a "e;usable past"e;. The book is also addressed to a wider audience of readers interested in the problems of the city and space.

Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 2:  Proceedings of the 40th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2022, the second volume of nine from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of the Dynamics of Civil Structures, including papers on:Structural VibrationHumans & StructuresInnovative Measurement for Structural ApplicationsSmart Structures and Automation Modal Identification of Structural SystemsBridges and Novel Vibration AnalysisSensors and Control 

This book offers a thorough introduction to the basics and scientific and technological innovations involved in the modern study of reinforcement-learning-based feedback control. The authors address a wide variety of systems including work on nonlinear, networked, multi-agent and multi-player systems. A concise description of classical reinforcement learning (RL), the basics of optimal control with dynamic programming and network control architectures, and a brief introduction to typical algorithms build the foundation for the remainder of the book. Extensive research on data-driven robust control for nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and multi-player systems follows. Data-driven optimal control of networked single- and multi-player systems leads readers into the development of novel RL algorithms with increased learning efficiency. The book concludes with a treatment of how these RL algorithms can achieve optimal synchronization policies for multi-agentsystems with unknown model parameters and how game RL can solve problems of optimal operation in various process industries. Illustrative numerical examples and complex process control applications emphasize the realistic usefulness of the algorithms discussed. The combination of practical algorithms, theoretical analysis and comprehensive examples presented in Reinforcement Learning will interest researchers and practitioners studying or using optimal and adaptive control, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and operations research, whether advancing the theory or applying it in mineral-process, chemical-process, power-supply or other industries.

This volume is the third volume in Palgrave' Macmillan's new Iris Murdoch Today scholarly series.Iris Murdoch and the Literary Imagination is the first major collection of literary essays since her centenary in 2019. It brings together leading Murdoch scholars from across the world who expand the boundaries of recent criticism offering work not only on the novels, but on her unpublished poetry and archival materials. This collection discusses her interest in, and use of, Japanese literature; her relationship with, and reader-response to her, in Australia; Murdoch in the post #metoo era; her lifelong interest in the supernatural, same-sex relationships and friendships; as well as the use and abuse of biographical material. The collection widens the field of Murdoch studies and marks a new waypoint in the development of her critical reception.

Disorders of the spinal cord are diverse and potentially devastating. They can present as acute, subacute and chronic disorders causing a variety of symptoms. Patients can present to pediatricians, internists, OBGYNs, emergency room physicians and neurologists requiring a diversity of clinicians to be familiar with the signs, symptoms, recommended testing and treatment options.  This book comprehensively addresses myelopathies, the broad spectrum of potential pathologies. Chapters cover approaches to acute, subacute and chronic myelopathies; individual myelopathic disorders; the pathobiology, epidemiology, signs, and symptoms of the disorder; diagnostic approach, and therapeutic options.  This comprehensive review is beneficial to any clinician, with special emphasis for neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and physiatrists. 

The Fourth Industrial Revolution will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another. Robotics, AI, neuro-technologies and autonomous vehicles will alter behaviours, relationships, and meaning. In this context, an important question that organizations must ask themselves is how can they adapt their business models and values to compete successfully?In answering this question, this book applies the concept of complementarity to business areas that are often dealt with independently: strategy, leadership, management, talent and engagement. Organizational success will not only be achieved by singularity but also by organization wide interventions that connect each of the functions to a broader purpose. The author argues that whilst the factors of an organisation will continue to affect each other in one of three ways: independent, substitutive, and complementary, it will be towards the latter that a greater level of importance is attached. The book describes how complementarity has arisen in non- business fields and how an interpretation of it might be a useful paradigm for the modern business organisation. Finally, the book explores organisational and individual competences and how they might be applied in the complementarity model.       

Lattice rules are a powerful and popular form of quasi-Monte Carlo rules based on multidimensional integration lattices. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject with detailed explanations of the basic concepts and the current methods used in research. This comprises, for example, error analysis in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, fast component-by-component constructions, the curse of dimensionality and tractability, weighted integration and approximation problems, and applications of lattice rules.