Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book suggests sustainable economy from the viewpoint of tourism fostering low carbon footprint. Focussed on conserving heritage, culture and endemic biota of a crucial biodiversity hotspot of the world, the book discusses the impact of a large population, fast-paced development and excessive consumption of earth resources by tourism in a developing economy.The book (i) assesses the impact of overexploitation of earth resources on environmental components such as air, water, land and people, (ii) examines the sustainability of tourism on the physical, economic and socio-cultural environment including human lifestyles, (iii) presents the potential of tourism in promoting sustainable development, poverty alleviation and conservation of nature and (iv) formulates recommendations for tourism, fostering sustainable development in Goa, India.The book offers students, researchers, academics and professionals a comprehensive discourse integrating geological and societal perspectives on core issues. It generates critical thinking on the complex issue of sustainable tourism by providing in-depth perspective on peoples of different hues and their role in safeguarding the future of this unique region.

This book presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigates the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Using South Africa's women entrepreneurs as a central case, the book interrogates the logic and politics of financial inclusion and gender equality globally and locally. It also examines conditions that explain financial inclusion and women's empowerment concerning women-owned businesses in post-apartheid South Africa. Finally, it presents a debate on the socio-economic factors enabling and limiting women's access to and using financial products to improve their socio-economic empowerment and the future suggestions, policies and recommendations on financial inclusion for women entrepreneurs in South Africa.

Over the past 40 years, diagnostic medical imaging has undergone remarkable advancements in CT, MRI, and ultrasound technology. Today, the field is experiencing a major paradigm shift, thanks to significant and rapid progress in deep learning techniques. As a result, numerous innovative AI-based programs have been developed to improve image quality and enhance clinical workflows, leading to more efficient and accurate diagnoses.AI advancements of medical imaging not only address existing unsolved problems but also present new and complex challenges. Solutions to these challenges can improve image quality and reveal new information currently obscured by noise, artifacts, or other signals. Holistic insight is the key to solving these challenges. Such insight may lead to a creative solution only when it is based on a thorough understanding of existing methods and unmet demands.This book focuses on advanced topics in medical imagingmodalities, including CT and ultrasound, with the aim of providing practical applications in the healthcare industry. It strikes a balance between mathematical theory, numerical practice, and clinical applications, offering comprehensive coverage from basic to advanced levels of mathematical theories, deep learning techniques, and algorithm implementation details. Moreover, it provides in-depth insights into the latest advancements in dental cone-beam CT, fetal ultrasound, and bioimpedance, making it an essential resource for professionals seeking to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field of medical imaging.

This book systematically compares the innovation and entrepreneurship education (IEE) in the United States, the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, Croatia, Canada, South Korea, and China. The book invites the most distinguished professors of each country in this field to contribute. It provides a context analysis that can lead to greater insight into why and how IEE has become an important government agenda and an institutional priority in different country settings. Following the context, each chapter analyzes governmental policies and the guidance of entrepreneurship education in recent years. This book also analyzes the internal development and supporting system of IEE from an ecosystem perspective. Based on the comparison of case countries, the book puts forwards the common successful experience and the differentiation of IEE.

This book approaches the field of social transformation from an ecotourism perspective. It unpacks the development of thought around social innovation as well as eco-tourism. After introducing various definitions and concept of social innovation and social entrepreneurship, the book then goes on to assess the current state of the environment and tourism leading into the discussion of how ecotourism social entrepreneurship can transform the industry for the better by analyzing five ecotourism case studies from Malaysia. Going beyond ecotourism social entrepreneurship in industry-specific contexts, the book serves as invitation to more participatory debate in academia in the field of social innovation and social entrepreneurship.

This is a book about life during the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia, and seeks to understand how and why the global effort to achieve universal HIV treatment has shifted away from its initial focus on the excessive human suffering precipitated by the epidemic. When antiretroviral drugs became available in Ethiopia, they emerged as powerful agents of change: not only did they cure individuals, they also helped people overcome their fear of ¿ and break the silence around ¿ AIDS, while healing the social ruptures caused by the epidemic. Nevertheless, as this book argues, the very same agents have silently ¿reversed¿ these changes over the course of the past decade. These reversals have dissolved connections, re-incurred invisible social fissures, and allowed a large majority of people to stay indifferent to the suffering of individuals whose lives remain vulnerable under the current treatment regime. This whole process is a product of neoliberal global health interventions that determine whichlives are worthy or unworthy of investment. This book will interest scholars of biopolitics and public health, those who study the developing world, and those interested in how pandemic interventions alter the lives of many.

This book introduces readers to the principles and practical applications of intelligent robot system with robot operating system (ROS), pursuing a task-oriented and hands-on approach. Taking the conception, design, implementation, and operation of robot application systems as a typical project, and through ¿learning-by-doing, practicing-while-learning¿ approach, it familiarizes readers with ROS-based intelligent robot system design and development step by step.The topics covered include ROS principles, mobile robot control, Lidar, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), navigation, manipulator control, image recognition, vision calibration, object grasping, vision SALM, etc., with typical practical application tasks throughout the book, which are essential to mastering development methods for intelligent robot system.Easy to follow and rich in content, the book can be used at colleges and universities as learning material and a teaching reference book for ¿intelligent robot,¿ ¿autonomous intelligent system,¿ ¿robotics principles,¿ and ¿robot system application development with ROS¿ in connection with automation, robotics engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), mechatronics, and other related majors. The book can assist in mastering the development and design of robot systems and provide the necessary theoretical and practical references to cultivate robot system development capabilities and can be used as teaching material for engineering training and competitions, or for reference, self-study, and training by engineering and technical personnel, teachers, and anyone who wants to engage in intelligent robot system development and design.

This book examines the new developments in health 4.0 and the medical supply chain. Although supply chain applications in health systems are similar to other sectors, the most critical difference is that any disruption affects public health. There have been changes due to COVID-19 that caused significant disruptions in the supply chain of almost all sectors. The health sector is one of the most important sectors affected by all these extraordinary conditions. Supply chain management is even more critical because the health sector directly impacts the sustainability of human life and the provision of better living conditions. In this book, the use of artificial intelligence in the health and medical supply chain is discussed, taking into account the conditions of the post-pandemic period.

This book studies Chinäs urbanization with the theory of production of space. The authors redefine the production of space and build a new theoretical framework for understanding the evolving relations between urbanization and spatial production. Since the reform and opening-up, especially in the last twenty years, the logic of spatial production has dominated Chinäs urbanization. The authors choose the most representative cases, such as the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Jiangsu Province, National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, New Urban District, State-Level New Area, University Town, and some villages, to conduct a series of empirical studies on production of space at the macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. Through an in-depth analysis of the interaction between social spaces and urbanization influenced by power, capital, and class, the book reveals that the essence of Chinäs urbanization is dominated by the logic of spatial production. The authors finally proposethat an important shift toward humanism should be made in the future development of Chinäs new-type urbanization, emphasizing more even and adequate development between different regions and between urban and rural areas, which also provides new ideas for the theory and practice of urbanization worldwide.This book can be read and referenced by researchers in the fields of urban and regional studies, geography, sociology, urban and rural planning, management, etc. It can also be used as a teaching reference book for teachers, researchers, and students of scientific research institutions in related fields.

This book focuses on optical vortices, including beams carrying orbital angular momentum and vector beams. It presents an overview of, and the latest research on this novel type of optical beam, which is a hot topic in the domain of modern optics, especially in optical communication and beam manipulation.Summarizing the fundamentals of optical vortices, it discusses their characterization and propagation, and focuses on the generation of vortices such as vortex-arrays, and the detection of vortices and their orbital angular momentum state. It also comprehensively examines the adaptive compensation systems, as well as vector beams and polarization vortices with anisotropic polarization distributions. Further it provides a detailed description of perfect vortices with beam diameters independent of the angular momentum. This book is intended for researchers, engineers and graduate students working in the field of optics and laser beam applications.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused public health-related, and economic consequences regarding lifestyles. Due to social distancing strategies, physical inactivity has increased in various societies, which might lead to an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases in long term. The health benefits of physical activity consist of a wide range, including physical, mental, and social dimensions. Therefore, this book discusses whether engaging in regular physical activity is effective in preventing COVID-19 infection, reducing the severity of symptoms, reducing mortality, or eliminating COVID-19 complications.The book will serve as a practical guideline for public health experts and physicians. It covers COVID-19 and physical inactivity prevalence in different regions, physical activity and risk of COVID-19 infection, physical activity and course of COVID-19 infection including disease severity, hospitalization rate, ICU admission, and mortality, physical activity as a vaccine booster in different populations, post- COVID-19 physical rehabilitation, and strategies for enhancing physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic.

This book provides a space for victims¿ testimonies and memories, engages with their experiences, reflects upon the redress movement, and evaluates policies related to Korean comfort women as victims and survivors from the international, domestic, and bilateral realms. Collectively, this edited volume aims to further diversify the scholarship on comfort women, contribute to the existing literature on social movements related to comfort women and other related studies, and, in doing so, challenge the politicization of comfort women. With this objective, the book presents scholarship from interdisciplinary fields that revisit the meaning of victims¿ testimonies, memories, and remembrance, social movement efforts on comfort women, and the related role of government, governance, and society by reflecting on the truths about the historical past. In so doing, it initiates new conversations among political scientists, sociologists, historians, and cultural and literary scholars. What do victims¿ testimonies reveal about new ways of imagining historical memory of Korean comfort women? How are memories of comfort women and their experiences remembered in social movements, literature, and cultural practices? Where is the place of comfort women¿s experiences in politics, diplomacy, and global affairs? These are some of the questions that guide the contributions to this edited volume, which seek to establish new ways of solidarity with comfort women.

This book focuses on the modernization of Bangladesh. It does so by including case studies at the national and sub-national government levels and comparative studies with other countries.Chapters in the book highlight how a number of aspects have been affected in the modernization process, such as the adoption of ¿western¿ curriculum and English language in schools, the use of animation to boost school student comprehension of texts, the rural¿urban divide, pedagogical training to emergent andragogy-dependent market needs, converting ¿local ¿ shipping experiences to fill growing ¿global ¿ needs, and multilateral environmental adaptation and mitigation mandates being adopted ¿locally.¿

This book introduces readers to the minimum description length (MDL) principle and its applications in learning. The MDL is a fundamental principle for inductive inference, which is used in many applications including statistical modeling, pattern recognition and machine learning. At its core, the MDL is based on the premise that ¿the shortest code length leads to the best strategy for learning anything from data.¿ The MDL provides a broad and unifying view of statistical inferences such as estimation, prediction and testing and, of course, machine learning.The content covers the theoretical foundations of the MDL and broad practical areas such as detecting changes and anomalies, problems involving latent variable models, and high dimensional statistical inference, among others. The book offers an easy-to-follow guide to the MDL principle, together with other information criteria, explaining the differences between their standpoints. Written in a systematic, concise and comprehensive style, this book is suitable for researchers and graduate students of machine learning, statistics, information theory and computer science.

The book covers all uncommon ulcers of the extremities which remain a difficult diagnosis for clinicians most of the times. A variety of causes like metabolic, infective, rheumatoid, drug induced or inflammation may lead to ulcerations. Diagnosis of these ulceration is difficult as these diseases are systemic, and treatment is carried out by physicians but ulcers are managed by the surgeons. Any lacunae or gap in assessment or work-up may lead to failure in diagnosis and increased morbidity. This book provides a systematic and step wise approach to the differential diagnosis of every possible uncommon ulcers in the extremities with detailed work-up, flow chart and summary. The book is systematically designed to serve the purpose of covering every possible uncommon ulcer with elaborate clinical presentationin the background of etiology and pathogenesis with risk factors included investigations and treatment with medical, surgical options well discussed as per the requirement. The book includes illustrations, flow diagrams, images, charts and tables. The book provides every information clinically relevant and useful about the uncommon ulcers and serves as a complete resource for general surgeons, vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, surgical trainees, family physicians. It may also be useful for podiatrists, phlebologists, radiologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists, wound care nurses, physicians and primary care workers.

Viscoelasticity is a complicated theorem that is generally used in several aspects of material characterization and modeling of polymers, resins, fiber-reinforced composites, bituminous composites, etc. On the other hand, the heterogeneous nature of composites like asphalt concrete and fiber-reinforced polymers has motivated lots of researchers to investigate the mechanical and rheological properties of these materials. This book mainly consists of the theory and application of viscoelastic materials used for construction. It starts with a comprehensible presentation of the theory of linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity. Wherein, the application of viscoelastic equations and principles on constructional viscoelastic composite materials considering time, temperature, loading rate dependency, and heterogeneity of composite substances is highlighted. The principles and equations of the viscoelasticity theorem are presented in several books, but here it is tried to present them more understandable and straightforwardly. This helps in solving real problems of heterogeneous composite materials, especially those which are used in construction. Moreover, the fundamental experiments for characterizing the elastic and viscoelastic properties of fibrous and bituminous composites are introduced and summarized. Then after, some analytical and empirical formulations for deriving the material properties of composites from the properties of the basic constituents are presented. These are followed by numerical simulation techniques using the finite element method to simulate composite materials.

This book focuses on the mathematical and physical foundations of remote sensing digital image processing and introduces key algorithms utilized in this area. The book fully introduces the basic mathematical and physical process of digital imaging, the basic theory and algorithm of pixel image processing, and the higher-order image processing algorithm and its application. This book skillfully and closely integrates theory, algorithms, and applications, making it simple for readers to understand and use. Researchers and students working in the fields of remote sensing, computer vision, geographic information science, electronic information, etc., can profit from this book. For their work and research in digital image processing, they can master the fundamentals of imaging and image processing techniques.

This book describes the development of human rights in the People's Republic of China since 1949. In particular, since the reform and opening-up, China has deepened its understanding of the rule of law and human rights, and realized the incorporation of human rights into the Constitution. The cause of human rights in China has entered a period of rapid development in a planned and step-by-step manner, and a path of human rights development suited to China's national conditions has been set out. China's international exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights have gradually deepened and strengthened, and China has made unique contributions, becoming a participant, builder and contributor to international human rights governance.

The book is a collection of high-quality research papers presented at Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV), held at Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, during February 10-11, 2022. The book shares knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of communication technology and mobile networks. The book covers innovative and cutting-edge work of researchers, developers and practitioners from academia and industry working in the area of computer networks, network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies and network security.

This book addresses increasingly relevant social problems enabled by social media through the lens of system science research and modeling. Instead of evaluating existing patterns from existing social media data, the book focuses on exploring the possibility of various policies. Specifically, it provides fresh insight into the political echo chamber and polarization in social media using agent-based modeling and scenario analysis. The book contains a practical framework to study the factors influencing echo chambers and polarization formation occurring in social media communication. By modeling individual social media users' information consumption, the influence of various behaviors and policies are captured as macro-phenomena. The book also introduces a comprehensive agent-based reinterpretation of the Zaller model, a classic in public opinion research. In addition, the book demonstrates two real-life applications of the model using empirical observations: resolving theconflicting observations of the online echo chamber effect, and modeling the influence of vaccine-related Facebook pages on users¿ opinions about vaccination.

This book is related to disaster risk reduction in agriculture particularly under changing climate. Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause. The planets average surface temperature has risen to about 1oC since the late 19th century and most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on the record. Similarly, other evidence of rapid climate change includes warming of oceans, shrinking of ice sheets, retreating glaciers, decreasing snow cover, rising of sea level, declining artic sea ice, increased frequency of extreme events, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity. Hence, climate change impacts, both extreme weather and slow-onset events, have impacted several sectors of the national economies and activities, in particular agriculture and food production, augmented by other challenges be it geopolitical, cost of finance or supply chain related, and in a time of increased food insecurity. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Hence this book is useful as a study material to teach in the field of agriculture and climate change. The book is useful for instructors and postgraduate as well as undergraduate students involved in the study of climate change. The book also provide guidance to multiple stakeholders to design mitigation and adaptation efforts to climate change and ensure food security in the developing world.

This book presents the first book-length study of ambient sound as a key issue in sound studies and sonic philosophy. Taking a broad, media-philosophical approach, it explores ambient sound as a basic dimension of the sonic environment, sonic technologies, sonic arts and the material staging of listening.Through analyses of key concepts such as surroundability, mediatization, immanence, synthetization and continuous variation, the book elucidates how ambient aspects of sound influence our conceptions of what sound is and how it affects us by exposing sound¿s relation to basic categories such as space, time, environment, medium and materiality. It also illuminates how the strategic production of ambient sound constitutes a leading aesthetic paradigm that has been a decisive factor in the shaping of the modern sonic environment ¿ from key developments in experimental and popular music, sound art and cinematic sound design to the architectural-technological construction of listening spaces in concert halls and theaters and in current streaming infrastructures, digital surround sound and the everyday aesthetics of headphone listening.

This book unveils the nexus between disaster, governance and development with a particular focus on Bangladesh and examines the legislative and institutional aspects in mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development planning. With the help of rich content analysis interpreting disaster management history of the country, it looks at the challenges associated with disaster management in the context of Bangladesh. The book highlights the most reasonable strategy on how to accelerate a paradigm shift from relief culture to DRR culture. It also assesses the viewpoint of how political economy influences governance and institutional strengthening, thus identifying obstructions and opportunities for mainstreaming disaster management into development. The book also lays emphasis on collaboration between public sector and private sector for the expansion of disaster risk reduction programme. It shows how multilevel governance works for professionalizing disaster management and throws light on policy frameworks developed. This book is a tremendous resource for scholars, practitioners and researchers of disaster management, environmental studies, development agencies, political science, public policy, development studies, governance, regional development, South Asian studies and local government, particularly those interested in disaster, governance and sustainable development.

This book is a compilation of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications (MIDAS 2022), held on October 28 and 29, 2022, at the University of Versailles¿Paris-Saclay, France. The book covers applications in various fields like data science, machine intelligence, image processing, natural language processing, computer vision, sentiment analysis, and speech and gesture analysis. It also includes interdisciplinary applications like legal, healthcare, smart society, cyber-physical system, and smart agriculture. The book is a good reference for computer science engineers, lecturers/researchers in the machine intelligence discipline, and engineering graduates.

The book discusses Explainable (XAI) and Responsive Artificial Intelligence (RAI) for biomedical and healthcare applications. It will discuss the advantages in dealing with big and complex data by using explainable AI concepts in the field of biomedical sciences. The book explains both positive as well as negative findings obtained by explainable AI techniques. It features real time experiences by physicians and medical staff for applied deep learning based solutions. The book will be extremely useful for researchers and practitioners in advancing their studies.

This book focuses on latest cutting-edge research to address the interaction between risk and innovation management in supply chains. It is predicted that future operations and supply chain management will be more digital. The collection aims on investigating how digital technologies have helped or can help organisations and supply chains being more resilient. The work is a compilation of selected papers from the 2021 International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management: Supply Chain Risk & Innovation Management In ¿The Next Normal¿ (ICOSCM 2021). The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, practitioners in the industry, and policy makers of respective authorities. Those who lack digital capabilities will find the collection useful in improving their capabilities.

The Bay of Bengal is prone to tropical cyclones and storm surges as a result of its location, and many of the mostly poor people living along the coastal regions of South Asia lose their lives almost every year. These disasters have been particularly devastating and have caused serious damage. During the past five decades, the low-lying coastal and offshore islands have experienced a tragic history of 50 severe cyclones and storm surges, with more than one million victims dead or missing. People accepted and waited for the next disaster as they had no alternatives. Members of the poor families who survived the disasters experienced hard times recovering from damage and the loss of their loved ones. After disasters, epidemic diseases arise in the affected areas. Many of the people in distress are also deprived of public services. Providing all sorts of assistance and emergency health preparedness are most essential to overcome such a situation. The causes of these huge casualties have been mainly: (1) the high population density of costal settlements, (2) inadequate cyclone shelters in the disaster risk areas, (3) lack of awareness of the disaster risk by the vulnerable population, (4) deterministic attitudes of people who accept disasters as "e;fate"e;, (5) houses that are weakly constructed and (6) underdeveloped central awareness programmes and weather forecast systems. This book is based on an empirical study presenting a timeline analysis of major cyclones and their impacts and consequent losses through the super-cyclones in the disaster-prone coastal regions of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. This study also investigates resilience mechanisms based on early warning systems, technology applications including GIS and remote sensing, best practices, success stories and case studies that can be used for effective cyclone management and development of a resilience mechanism among coastal communities.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Sixth International Symposium on Software Reliability, Industrial Safety, Cyber Security and Physical Protection of Nuclear Power Plant, held in October 2021 in Zhuji, Zhejiang, China. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss Inspection, test, certification and research for the software and hardware of Instrument and Control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants (NPP), such as sensors, actuators and control system. It aims to provide a platform of technical exchange and experience sharing for those broad masses of experts and scholars and nuclear power practitioners, and for the combination of production, teaching and research in universities and enterprises to promote the safe development of nuclear power plant. Readers will find a wealth of valuable insights into achieving safer and more efficient instrumentation and control systems.

This book provides methods and applications of latent class analysis, and the following topics are taken up in the focus of discussion: basic latent structure models in a framework of generalized linear models, exploratory latent class analysis, latent class analysis with ordered latent classes, a latent class model approach for analyzing learning structures, the latent Markov analysis for longitudinal data, and path analysis with latent class models. The maximum likelihood estimation procedures for latent class models are constructed via the expectation¿maximization (EM) algorithm, and along with it, latent profile and latent trait models are also treated. Entropy-based discussions for latent class models are given as advanced approaches, for example, comparison of latent classes in a latent class cluster model, assessing latent class models, path analysis, and so on. In observing human behaviors and responses to various stimuli and test items, it is valid to assume they are dominated by certain factors. This book plays a significant role in introducing latent structure analysis to not only young researchers and students studying behavioral sciences, but also to those investigating other fields of scientific research.

This book focuses on global economic governance covering the following five areas: the theoretical and historical evolution of global economic governance, international financial governance, international trade and investment governance, global climate change and sustainable development governance, and international macroeconomic policy coordination. On the one hand, this book aims to provide a general analytical framework for studying global economic governance. On the other hand, the study on global economic governance involves understanding its historical development, exploring its emergence and evolution, analyzing what challenges global economic governance faces in the context of a new globalization, looking into its future development trends, and proposing the direction of the reform of global economic governance system on the above basis, and finally providing theoretical references and policy advice for Chinäs better participation in global economic governance.