Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book introduces readers to the preparation of metal nanocrystals and its applications. In this book, an important point highlighted is how to design noble metal nanocrystals at the atomic scale for energy conversion and storage. It also focuses on the controllable synthesis of water splitting electrode materials including anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathode hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the atomic level by defect engineering and synergistic effect. In addition, in-situ technologies and theoretical calculations are utilized to reveal the catalytic mechanisms of catalysts under realistic operating condition. The findings presented not only enrich research in the nano-field, but also support the promotion of national and international cooperation.

This book is a collection of peer-reviewed best selected research papers presented at 22nd International Conference on Computational Mechanics and Modern Applied Software Systems (CMMASS 2021), held at the Alushta Health and Educational Center, The Republic of Crimea, during 4-13 September 2021. The proceedings is dedicated to solving the real-world problems of applied mechanics using smart computational technology. Physical and mathematical models, numerical methods, computational algorithms and software complexes are discussed, which allow to carry out high-precision mathematical modelling in fluid, gas and plasma mechanics, in general mechanics, deformable solid mechanics, in strength, destruction and safety of structures, etc. Smart technologies and software systems that provide effective solutions to the problems at various multi scale-levels are considered. Special attention is paid to the training of highly qualified specialists for the aviation and space industry.

This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the 17th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, organized by China Electrotechnical Society (CES), held in Beijing, China, from September 17 to 18, 2022. It covers topics such as electrical technology, power systems, electromagnetic emission technology, and electrical equipment. It introduces the innovative solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines. The book is very much helpful and useful for the researchers, engineers, practitioners, research students, and interested readers.

Singapore is the world¿s second-fastest ageing society and will become a super- aged society by 2030. This book fills an important research gap by examining Singapore¿s efforts to achieve healthy ageing. It draws on both semi-structured interviews and secondary data (e.g. government documents, journal articles, books, reports) to examine hot topics such as financial wellness of older adults, ageing in place, dementia friendly communities and digital connection with older adults in the time of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the interviews, experts and professionals provide valuable insights into the issue of healthy ageing in Singapore. The book ¿s goal is to provide a comprehensive portrait of healthy ageing in Singapore, while also sharing valuable lessons to help other countries achieve healthy ageing.

The book serves as a primary textbook of partial differential equations (PDEs), with due attention to their importance to various physical and engineering phenomena. The book focuses on maintaining a balance between the mathematical expressions used and the significance they hold in the context of some physical problem. The book has wider outreach as it covers topics relevant to many different applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), PDEs, Fourier series, integral transforms, and applications. It also discusses applications of analytical and geometric methods to solve some fundamental PDE models of physical phenomena such as transport of mass, momentum, and energy.As far as possible, historical notes are added for most important developments in science and engineering. Both the presentation and treatment of topics are fashioned to meet the expectations of interested readers working in any branch of science and technology. Senior undergraduates in mathematics and engineering are the targeted student readership, and the topical focus with applications to real-world examples will promote higher-level mathematical understanding for undergraduates in sciences and engineering.

This book encompasses select proceedings of NSEST-2020 and ECSIRM-2020. The volume covers advances in major areas of electrochemical science and technology and surface engineering. It covers all aspects of electrochemistry with more emphasis on corrosion. The corrosion topics include self-healing sol-gel based corrosion resistant coatings, nitric acid corrosion of stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, etc. Few chapters are focused on electrodeposition and new materials for oxygen evolution catalysts, fuel cells and batteries. The chapters on molecularly imprinted polymer sensor for dual analytes, electrochemical sensors for lead ions and dopamine, etc., are of interest. Some papers are related to the green synthesis of nanosized oxides and superhydrophobic coatings. This book will be handy and beneficial to researchers, students, and professionals working in areas related to electrochemistry and surface engineering.

This book provides an overview on the latest advances in the synthesis, properties and applications of polymeric eco-composites and eco-nanocomposites reinforced natural fibers (e.g. pulp-fiber, flax, etc.) and nanofillers (e.g. organoclay, nano-SiC, etc.). Potential challenges and future directions of these composites are highlighted and addressed. This book offers numerous graphs and electron micrographs for easy understanding by students, researchers and practicing engineers.

This book elaborates the fundamental principles and practices of Islamic leadership and management by highlighting its underlying philosophies, key concepts, and sources. The book closely examines the relationship of Islamic leadership with spiritual leadership and how it shapes the concept of leadership. The book also compares Islamic Leadership with other related spiritual leadership concepts such as the Servant Leadership, religiosity, and other conventional leadership perspectives based on Islamic framework. The chapters within the book delve into Islamic teachings and values from Al-Qur¿an and Hadith that can be applied when governing an organization using several case studies. This insightful and thorough discussion on Islamic leadership will be useful as a reference for academic courses on leadership, and current and aspiring business leaders.

This book presents a detailed description of the most common nondestructive testing(NDT) techniques used for the testing and evaluation fiber-reinforced composite structures, during manufacturing and/or in service stages. In order to facilitate the understanding and the utility of the different NDT techniques presented, the book first provides some information regarding the defects and material degradation mechanisms observed in fiber-reinforced composite structures as well as their general description and most probable causes. It is written based on the extensive scientific research and engineering backgrounds of the authors in the NDT and structural health monitoring (SHM) of structural systems from various areas including electrical, mechanical, materials, civil and biomedical engineering. Pursuing a rigorous approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, while emphasizing on the importance of technique's spatial resolution, integrated systems analysis and the significance of the influence stemming from the applicability of the NDT and the physical parameters of the test structures in the selection and utilization of adequate NDT techniques.The book is intended for students who are interested in the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, researchers investigating the applicability of different NDT techniques to the inspections of structural systems, and NDT researchers and engineers working on the optimization of NDT systems for specific applications involving the use of fiber-reinforced composite structures.

This book addresses the most advanced to-date mathematical approach and numerical methods in electromagnetic field theory and wave propagation. It presents the application of developed methods and techniques to the analysis of waves in various guiding structures -shielded and open metal-dielectric waveguides of arbitrary cross-section, planar and circular waveguides filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media and layered media with absorption. It also looks into spectral properties of wave propagation for the waveguide families being considered, and the relevant mathematical techniques such as spectral theory of non-self-adjoint operator-valued functions are described, including rigorous proofs of the existence of various types of waves. Further, numerical methods constructed on the basis of the presented mathematical approach and the results of numerical modeling for various structures are also described in depth.The book is beneficial to a broad spectrum of readers ranging from pure and applied mathematicians in electromagnetic field theory to researchers and engineers who are familiar with mathematics. Further, it is also useful as a supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate students interested in learning more advanced topics of mathematical methods in electromagnetics.

This book reports the latest results in the study of clutter suppression and signal processing techniques and focuses on the analysis of non-stationary characteristics of bistatic SAR clutter, DPCA-based clutter suppression method, optimization-based clutter suppression method, sparse recovery-based clutter suppression method, experimental verification and many other aspects, i.e., including the research results of realization technology and experimental verification. Bistatic SAR clutter suppression is the prerequisite and key technique for realizing the detection of moving targets on the ground/sea surface. It is also the frontier and difficult issue of international research in the field of radar. Researchers, engineers and graduate students in radar signal processing can benefit from this book, who wish to learn the core theories, methods and applications of bistatic SAR technologies.

This book presents the new discovery of the origin of turbulence from Navier-Stokes equations. The fully developed turbulence is found to be composed of singularities of flow field. The mechanisms of flow stability and turbulent transition are described using the energy gradient theory, which states all the flow instability and breakdown resulted from the gradient of the total mechanical energy normal to the flow direction. This approach is universal for flow instability in Newtonian flow and non-Newtonian flow. The theory has been used to solve several problems, such as plane and pipe Poiseuille flows, plane Couette flow, Taylor-Couette flow, flows in straight coaxial annulus, flows in curved pipes and ducts, thermal convection flow, viscoelastic flow, and magnet fluid flow, etc. The theory is in agreement with results from numerical simulations and experiments. The analytical method used in this book is novel and is different from the traditional approaches. This book includes the fundamental basics of flow stability and turbulent transition, the essentials of the energy gradient theory, and the applications of the theory to several practical problems. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students.

This book which is the second part of two volumes on ''Control of Electrical and Electronic Systems" presents a compilation of selected contributions to the 1st International Conference on Electrical Systems & Automation. The book provides rigorous discussions, the state of the art, and recent developments in the modelling, simulation and control of power electronics, industrial systems, and embedded systems. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in control of electrical and electronic systems.

To meet the increasing demand of electrical power, the use of renewable energy-based smart grid is attracting significant attention in recent years throughout the world. The high penetration of renewable power in the smart grids is growing its importance due to its non-finishing, reusable, reliable, sustainable, lower cost, and available characteristics. The renewable energy-based smart grid technology may mitigate the increasing energy demands effectively and efficiently without hampering the environment. But the uncertain nature of renewable sources largely affects the operation of the smart grid by un-stabling the voltage and frequency that may introduces power quality and reliability problems, which requires special control techniques. This book investigates the challenges in controlling renewable energy-based smart grids and proposes different control techniques to control the voltage and frequency effectively to improve the power quality and reliability of the power grids. This book is a valuable resource for readers interested in practical solutions in smart grids and renewable energy systems.

This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycobiology of innate immunology. Innate immunity is the crucial part of the immunological defense system that exerts their distinct functions through binding to certain functional glycoproteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function against microbial invaders and self-associated molecular patterns. Co-regulated expression of glycan-binding is associated with many biological components such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell-cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein-carbohydrate or carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.This book opens by providing the key background on glycans in innate immunity and its mechanisms behind the Dendritic cell interactions during infection and inflammation are examined in depth, and the concluding chapter is devoted to signaling tumor immunotherapy. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of glycan structure-recognizing signaling. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.

This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

This book gives a comprehensive overview of bionanocomposites, a class of materials that consist of a biopolymer matrix which is embedded with nanoparticles and natural fibres as reinforcement to produce novel material and achieve superior physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The book looks into the synthesis of various forms of nanoparticles, the fabrication methods, and the characterization of bionanocomposites. It also includes topics related to the sustainability and life prediction of bionanocomposites such as biodegradability, recycling, and re-use. An important aspect in the designing of bionanocomposites includes computational modeling, and the suitability of the bionanocomposites in various applications is presented. This book appeals to students, researchers, and scientists looking to gain fundamental knowledge, know about recent advancements in the research on bionanocomposites and their applications.

This book presents recent advances in nanostructured materials. It describes the characterization of nanomaterials, their preparation methods and performance testing techniques; the design and development of nano-scale devices; and the applications of nanomaterials, with examples taken from different industries, such as energy, bioengineering and medicine. The book is broadly divided into sections such as nanostructure semiconductor materials for device applications, nanostructured ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials.. The topics covered include experimental approaches of device fabrication, photovoltaics and supercapacitors applications, etc. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the area of nanotechnology and nanomaterials.

This book examines the technologies and processes for the development and commercial production of stem cells according to cGMP guidelines. The initial chapter of the book discusses the therapeutic potentials of stem cells for the treatment of various diseases, including degenerative disorders and genetic diseases. The book then reviews the recent developments in the cultivation of stem cells in bioreactors, including critical cultural parameters, possible bioreactor configuration and integrations of novel technologies in bioprocess developmental stages. The book also introduces microscopic, molecular, and cellular techniques for characterization of stem cells for regulatory approvals. Further, it describes optimal cell transporting conditions to maintain cell viability and properties. Further, it summarizes characterization strategies of clinical grade stem cells for stem cell therapy. This book is an invaluable contribution to having an academic and industrial understanding with respect to R&D and manufacturing of clinical grade stem cells.

This book reviews applications of nanomaterial and nanodevices in the food industry. It also discusses the advanced bioanalytical techniques, including Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), immunoanalytical techniques, monoclonal antibody-based immunological techniques for detecting food adulterations and allergens. It comprehensively covers electrode modification and nano-engineered fabrication of biosensors to enhance their functionalities for utilization in food industries. The book highlights the utilization of nanobiosensors for food safety and quality analysis, such as detection of toxin, food-borne pathogen, allergen, and evaluation of toxicity. Further, it also summarizes the recent advances in nanodevices such as nano-systems, nano-emulsions, nanopesticide, nanocapsule and their applications in the food industry. Lastly, it covers nanomaterial-based sensors for drug analysis in diverse matrices. It serves as an invaluable source of information for professionals, researchers, academicians, and students related to food science and technology.

This book comprehensively reviews the relationship between micronutrients and brain in health and diseases. It explains the relationship between micronutrients and brain functions, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions. The book also explores the relationship between micronutrients and brain disorders including depression, epilepsy, PD, and Autism. It further explores the recent advancements in understanding the important role of micronutrients as therapeutics in various brain disorders like TBI and AD. Lastly, it presents an overview of micronutrients as neuroprotective agents along with the main principles of nutrigenomics.

This book examines the history of the political demography of Indonesia. Chronologically, the book begins by introducing the colonization program as a predecessor of transmigration program after independence. The transmigration program, Indonesiäs state policy on migration, is discussed at length in the book but other migration related issues are also presented to show the complex relationship between migration and other social, economic and political issues in Indonesia. In the final chapter, the book discusses the contemporary issues and challenges of disintegration that is facing Indonesia as a nation-state. The book ends with an epilog that shows Indonesiäs political demography challenges in the 21st Century.

This book explains why the finite topological space known as abstract cell complex is important for successful image processing and presents image processing methods based on abstract cell complex, especially for tracing and encoding of boundaries of homogeneous regions. Many examples are provided in the book, some teach you how to trace and encode boundaries in binary, indexed and colour images. Other examples explain how to encode a boundary as a sequence of straight-line segments which is important for shape recognition. A new method of edge detection in two- and three-dimensional images is suggested. Also, a discussion problem is included in the book: A derivative is defined as the limit of the relation of the increment of the function to the increment of the argument as the latter tends to zero. Is it not better to estimate derivatives as the relation of the increment of the function to the optimal increment of the argument instead of taking exceedingly small increment which leads to errors? This book addresses all above questions and provide the answers.

This book highlights a comprehensive introduction of graphene and graphene-based two-dimensional nanomaterials, covering topics from their atomic structures, electronic band structures, and fundamental properties to technological applications. The book provides fundamental physics knowledge covering quantum mechanics, the theory of relativity, solid-state physics, and topology geometry necessary to understand electronic band structure of graphene. Other topics including microscopy techniques and preparation methods of graphene are also presented. Adopting an easy-to-read style, the book is a valuable resource for researchers in physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineers who are interested in the field of graphene-based nanomaterials.

This book is a comprehensive account of recent advances in the endophytic research. It covers recent perspective of endophytic research, molecular diversity, bioprospecting of novel genes using high throughput molecular techniques, and most importantly application of endophytes in practicing sustainable agriculture. Endophytic micro-organisms are mysterious living component associated mutually with plant roots and soil microbes. Various endophytic bacteria have attracted considerable attention for their ability to promote plant growth through direct mechanisms or by acting as biocontrol agents. Endophytes also find use in biocontrol, medicine, agriculture and food industry. This is a useful reading for the student of agriculture, environmental microbiology and biotechnology.

This book examines the topics of magnetohydrodynamics and plasma oscillations, in addition to the standard topics discussed to cover courses in electromagnestism, electrodynamics, and fundamentals of physics, to name a few. This textbook on electricity and magnetism is primarily targeted at graduate students of physics. The undergraduate students of physics also find the treatment of the subject useful. The treatment of the special theory of relativity clearly emphasises the Lorentz covariance of Maxwell's equations. The rather abstruse topic of radiation reaction is covered at an elementary level, and the Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory has been dwelt upon briefly in the book.

In this book, ten substantive chapters examine how collisions between technological developments (globalizing forces) and thickening populist pressures (localizing dynamics) constantly keep reinventing the state in unforeseen and unpredictable ways. We learn of how international organizations have fared, and to what extent grass-roots grumbles have impacted big-picture developments in quite diverse parts of the world. Just placing unfolding crises under the microscope cannot but generate policy-solving observations. Treated in corresponding order, these crises revolve around adjusting international institutions; absorbing current populist outbursts; shifting from peacekeeping to peacemaking; spying in the global south; absorbing displaced persons; Rwandan land reform; pandemic and RMG readjustments; Bangladesh's democratic transition; Rohingyan-Syrian refugees; and Mexico's 1990s liberalization. Though overarching, observations in the book accent state strength battling with state porosity; the downward spiraling of global order; and the simple lack of any controlling mechanism against globalizing/localizing dynamics in the trenches of everyday life being matched by continued uncertainty on the analytical plane.

This book provides a feminist, critical study of how gender power relations are played out through and across multiple mediated arenas in contemporary Jordan. It departs from an understanding of women's status in Jordan as a highly charged subject, and a view of the media as not just a locale where tensions play out, but also an important arena for contestation and resistance. The book examines the dynamic relationship between women and the media in Jordan as it manifests at three key levels: labour, representation, and activism. To do so, it engages with wider issues: the political economy of the media, regulatory and legal frameworks, Jordanian women's economic participation, the history of Jordanian feminist activism, gender-based violence, and the political context of the Arab Spring in Jordan. Through choice case studies, the book unpacks the complex role of legal, political, and social factors in shaping women's relationship to the media. It centres women's experiences and highlights their agency, disobedience, and efforts to negotiate and resist the limitations imposed by Jordanian patriarchy and, in doing so, it illustrates how gender, power, and resistance interplay through and within Jordanian media.

This book presents a comprehensive account of the renormalization-group (RG) method and its extension, the doublet scheme, in a geometrical point of view. It extract long timescale macroscopic/mesoscopic dynamics from microscopic equations in an intuitively understandable way rather than in a mathematically rigorous manner and introduces readers to a mathematically elementary, but useful and widely applicable technique for analyzing asymptotic solutions in mathematical models of nature. The book begins with the basic notion of the RG theory, including its connection with the separation of scales. Then it formulates the RG method as a construction method of envelopes of the naive perturbative solutions containing secular terms, and then demonstrates the formulation in various types of evolution equations. Lastly, it describes successful physical examples, such as stochastic and transport phenomena including second-order relativistic as well as nonrelativistic fluid dynamics with causality and transport phenomena in cold atoms, with extensive numerical expositions of transport coefficients and relaxation times. Requiring only an undergraduate-level understanding of physics and mathematics, the book clearly describes the notions and mathematical techniques with a wealth of examples. It is a unique and can be enlightening resource for readers who feel mystified by renormalization theory in quantum field theory.