Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book discusses fundamental aspects of super absorbent polymers (SAPs), insight into the synthesis and modification of SAPs as well as their potential applications in different domains.SAPs are bio-based material that has attracted much interest due to their unique structural properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, etc. The book exhibits a unique combination of SAP designing, synthetic strategies, properties and chemistry along with SAP¿s application in the field of drug delivery, firefighting and biosensors, agriculture, etc. Various approaches to make these products a cost-effective and sustainable are discussed precisely in this book. Additionally, the approaches from the perspective of academic organization and research laboratories, many readers are able to learn the insights of the connection between super absorbent polymers in the agriculture field by reducing seedling mortality owing to their water storage capacity in soil. This book written byeminent researchers can be a useful reference for graduate, post-graduate students and researchers working in the file of super absorbent polymers, polymer technology, hygiene industry, etc.

This book gives readers advanced insights into macroeconomics with historical perspectives and proposes policies to resolve the problems the Japanese economy faces. In the past decade, Japan has experienced a rapidly aging population with an ever-decreasing number of children. This causes significant problems related to macroeconomics covered by this book: a decreasing population, an increasing public debt, an increasing social security expenditure, and deteriorating labor productivity. Thus, the government must change the course it has followed until now. These problems can be categorized into two types: (1) human capital and (2) political institutions. The book therefore consists of two parts. The first, using a macroeconomic model, is mainly a discussion of health and education problems related to human capital. The second part deals with policy problems related to political institutions, that is, the intergenerational imbalance, preventive medicine, local public utilities, and other political issues. Through the arguments presented here, readers gain knowledge that will help to achieve the necessary economic policies in Japan.

This book is about the application of ergonomics in handicraft manufacturing and design keeping in mind the two sets of users, craftsmen and customers buying handicraft items. Written in an easy to understand language and in a story telling format. It requires no prior knowledge of the subject nor any knowledge of science or technology for using this book and applying it in handicraft manufacturing and design. The book starts with an overview of the application of ergonomics in different aspects of craft manufacturing, touching upon tools, space, process and then moves into the aspects of ergonomics of craft packaging and displaying. Alongside the book also explains the ergonomic aspects of designing of handicraft products keeping the users of the products in mind, their dimensions, capacity, limitations etc. Each chapter starts with an "overview" and ends with "key points" and exercises to help the readers in applying the principles of ergonomics in handicraft. The last chapter is dedicated to exercises in different areas of handicraft and the ergonomic applications for them, followed by ergonomic design directions to solve them.

This book focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of blockchain scalability serving large-scale application scenarios, from the ¿what, why, how¿ three perspectives, layer by layer. Gathering the latest state-of-the-art research advances in the area of key issues and technologies for blockchain scalability, it also presents some special and exciting insights on the existing and future blockchain scalability.Despite blockchain¿s merits of decentralization, immutability, non-repudiation, and traceability, the current blockchain has faced a serious scalability bottleneck. The scalability bottleneck problem is mainly manifested in two aspects: low-performance efficiency and difficulty in functional extension. First, the security and reliability of the blockchain system come from the fact that most nodes of the whole network participate in a distributed consensus to maintain the ledger. The high-cost consensus mechanism makes limited performance of blockchain, and there isa big gap between the actual large-scale application system. In addition, in order to ensure the security of a single blockchain system, data between different blockchain systems are relatively isolated, making it difficult for assets and data to interact.This book explores the scalability of blockchain in depth, proposes meaningful approaches to the problems mentioned above, and builds an original theoretical system of blockchain scalability. It describes the root of blockchain scalability problems, mainstream blockchain performance, the classification of existing scalability problem solutions, and some exciting sharding-based approaches. It also includes open issues and future directions to scale blockchain for complex practical application scenarios. As such, this book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, engineers, and policymakers working in various areas related to blockchain scalability, which is also of great significance for understanding and solving the bottleneck of blockchain scalability and realizing the practical large-scale commercial application of blockchain.

The book presents papers from the 7th International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing Challenges (ICBCC 2022). The book includes high-quality, original research on various aspects of big data and cloud computing, offering perspectives from the industrial and research communities on addressing the current challenges in the field. This book discusses key issues and highlights recent advances in a single broad topic applicable to different sub-fields by exploring various multidisciplinary technologies. This book supports the transfer of vital knowledge to next-generation researchers, students, and practitioners in academia and industry.

This book is the first comprehensive analysis of transport efficiency in China. It presents a series of rigorous empirical analysis for the operation and environmental efficiencies of major transport sectors, including highway, railway, civil aviation, and waterway. It also evaluates transport safety of China. The book innovatively employs a DEA model based on Epsilon measures (EBM) to evaluate transport efficiency and an EBM DEA model with undesirable outputs to calculate transport environmental efficiency. The factors of transport efficiency are quantitatively studied, including economic growth, social transition, and technology changes. Also, China's policies aimed at improving transportation efficiency are evaluated.The theoretical analyses and discussions would enhance our existing knowledge of the changes and determinants of transport system¿s efficiency in a context of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and marketization in China. The findings ofthe existing policy evaluation would bring fresh evidences for transport policy performances to both scholars and politicians. In particular, it shows policymakers the experiences or lessons of how to create an efficient transport system in order to save energy use, reduce GHGs emissions, and improve social security. This book is of great interest to scholars interested in sustainable transport, regional planning and development, environmental policy and is relevant to China and other developing countries.

This book aims to present an overview of government procurement of public services in China. It introduces three types of government procurement of public service and analyzes the legal boundaries, legal subjects, purchasing methods, regulation and legal remedy system around it. At the end, the ways of improving law system are brought up for policy suggestion. It helps readers understand how procurement of public services proceeds in China.

This edited book examines how South Vietnam¿s (formerly the Republic of Vietnam 1955-1975) literary and journalistic writers were perceived and - potentially - influenced by Western thought, led by thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Franz Kafka, Sigmund Freud, Thomas Mann, Martin Heidegger, Hermann Hesse, Edmund Husserl, Stefan Zweig, Graham Greene, and Somerset Maugham. The book reveals the dynamism and diversity of Western thought in individual literary texts, as well as among the authors themselves. The volume considers how writers and their texts engaged with issues that are socially, culturally, politically, and philosophically significant to Vietnam and beyond, past and present. This approach to South Vietnam¿s literary and journalistic tradition enables an alternative plural, inclusive view of the significance of these texts, which are shown to be neither exclusively anti-Communist nor ¿bourgeois individualist¿ (cá nhân ti¿u t¿ s¿n), as they have so often been interpreted both in and outside of Vietnam. Such an interpretation problematically retains the marginal position of South Vietnam¿s literature in mainstream Vietnamese literature, and in the literatures of the host countries where these Vietnamese authors have migrated, settled, and continued to write following the 'Fall of Saigon'. This volume presents itself as a key text for those studying Asian and postcolonial literatures, as well as scholars in the humanities researching Vietnam ¿ its history, politics, society, and culture.

This book takes a law and economic approach to examine the securities law enforcement in China and provides an in-depth empirical analysis on the enforcement inputs and outputs. In contrast to previous studies, it systematically collects a large sample of judicated securities fraud cases and public sanctions as disclosed by the listed companies. The enforcement regime is further divided into the private enforcement exemplified by the civil litigation imitated by harmed investors and public enforcement by sanctions proceedings initiated by public agencies.Academic researchers, policy makers and practitioners, who are interested in the securities market and regulation could find the information provided in this book interesting.

This book explores the phenomenon of total power in East Asia, with particular attention to China, Korea, and Japan. It shows how total power enables an examination of regional experience as a part of global context in order to demarcate the connections with other countries and regions that have similar political cultures, such as those in Central Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa. Moreover, it elucidates that the phenomenon of total power unpacks the interrelations not only between different countries, but also between political, economic, religious, or cultural aspects of the region as a whole, and of each country in particular. This book takes East Asia as a classic example of where total power has achieved the highest forms of development during traditional periods in the form of absolute economic dependence of society on the state, ideologically enshrined by a system of moral obligations toward supreme power that allowed for the establishment of a monopoly on forced labour, and the appropriation and distribution of social products. The author emphasizes the importance of exploring the tradition of total power with reference to the ongoing global crisis of European democracy. In doing so, the book shows that democratization has not brought qualitative changes to the political culture of East Asia. An essential interdisciplinary read for scholars studying political science, particularly East-West relations, this book situates East Asian political culture within a global context.

This book explores the holistic development of vocational education in Chinese education system. It investigates the vocational education policy development, student development, allocation of teachers¿ resources, financial mechanism and system, students¿ financial aid, examination and enrollment, private vocational education system, and school-enterprise cooperation. In addition, this book critically examines and epitomizes the contextualized Chinäs vocational education reform from multiple dimensions. This book also offers an in-depth explorations and analysis of current Chinese vocational education reform comprehensively. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing academic insight for scholars and researchers who are interested and work in research on Chinäs vocational education reform in China as well as the administrators and stakeholders in Chinese education system and graduate students who majoring in the field of educational policy.

This book puts forward a new angle of understanding the society of states in the milieu of the contemporary world. The absence of a regulatory mechanism, i.e., anarchy, has been the fundamental issue of international relations. This book explains how the normative imperatives, information and communication technology (ICT) and nuclear deterrence generated ambiance have poised the states in a society where they are bound to follow certain normative imperatives that dilute the color and meaning of anarchy and obliges the states to act in a certain way. It develops a theoretical proposition with regard to state power defined in terms of the capability of determining the outcomes. The proposition first elaborates how international institutions foster normative imperatives; then, in line with this ontology, it narrows down the focus solely on the power of the states in the contemporary world. It explains how the power that can determine the outcome today is holistic in nature, comprising both materialistic and normative factors. In the next step, it tailors the proposition in a way so as to employ it for a specific empirical work. The book does not end just positing the theoretical proposition; the proposition is testified through some case studies with regard to climate negotiations under the UNFCCC.The empirical part not only serves to examine the plausibility of the theoretical proposition, but it also presents the logic of the major actors and the politics with respect to some of the major issues of climate change, i.e., mitigation, funding policy and mechanism and adaptation. The scholars in this arena, climate activists and climate-conscious people in general would find this book worth reading as it kindles a different angle to understand the issues in the context of the contemporary world and as it elaborates the logic, framing process, and mechanism of reaching outcomes through complex negotiation process. No other work has so far analyzed the issues covering the entire period of 21 apex UNFCCC negotiations that led to the Paris Agreement. Apart from university libraries, this book, thus, has the prospect to be sold in the markets targeting the academicians, climate change experts, bureaucrats, negotiators and the common readers.

This book contains select papers on rings, monoids and module theory which are presented at the 3rd International Conference on Mathematics and Statistics (AUS-ICMS 2020) held at the American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, from 6-9 February 2020. This conference was held in honour of the work of the distinguished algebraist Daniel D. Anderson. Many participants and colleagues from around the world felt it appropriate to acknowledge his broad and sweeping contributions to research in algebra by writing an edited volume in his honor. The topics covered are, inevitably, a cross-section of the vast expansion of modern algebra. The book is divided into two sections-surveys and recent research developments-with each section hopefully offering symbiotic utility to the reader. The book contains a balanced mix of survey papers, which will enable expert and non-expert alike to get a good overview of developments across a range of areas of algebra. The book is expected to be of interest to both beginning graduate students and experienced researchers.  

This book incorporates all aspects of hypospadias management, such as step-by-step correction of chordee and modifications in tabularized urethral plate repair, which is the commonest technique used in hypospadias repair, single-stage two-stage repairs of hypospadias with illustrated descriptions. It provides essential information like history, embryology, anatomy, Radiology in hypospadias, and classification of hypospadias. For the first time, this title presents separate chapters about female hypospadias, correction of torsion associated with hypospadias, and chordee without hypospadias. These chapters will improve the understanding of the subject for the reader and help them in modifying their surgical technique for these patients. Hypospadias surgery has a long learning curve, and the book will help the practitioners make them shorter. The book also deals with acute and chronic complications of surgery which will help the reader prevent complications and manage them. This is a complete book covering all aspects of the evaluation & management of hypospadias and their variants. It includes chapters on a healthy interposition and appropriate use of spongiosum and the techniques of spongioplasty, modifications in flap tube repair,  along with the various types of prepuce and prepucioplasty. In conclusion, the book will provide a comprehensive read for all trainees/fellows and practitioners of Urology, Pediatric urology, Pediatric Surgery, and Plastic Surgery.

This evidence-based book focuses on contemporary issues related to human health and well-being. Drawing on the first-hand experiences of academics and researchers, it provides a holistic perspective on the importance of both mental and physical health for quality of life. It is divided into seven sections: changing perspectives on well-being; the mental health of students; the well-being of elderly people and marginalized populations; the role of family and teachers; psycho-social support; the right to health; and future perspectives. Covering current topics, such as the challenges posed by pandemics like COVID-19, the book discusses future strategies for addressing contemporary and emerging health issues and the overall well-being of the general public, an area not covered in any of the previous volumes. Furthermore, it explores the need for the involvement of multidisciplinary professionals in examining general health and well-being issues. Given its scope, it is an indispensable resource for a wide range of professionals and researchers from various fields, such as the social sciences, law, public health, medicine, education, and environmental studies. In addition, the book appeals to health policymakers, educational administrators, law enforcement agencies, as well as health workers, psychologists, and social workers dealing with clients in hospitals, educational institutions, and at the community level.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the technical notes, research designs, literature, and 3DP (three-dimensional printing) technology applications for effective food printing. It provides a multidisciplinary coverage of 3D food printing in different food sectors.Recent advancements in manufacturing processes have led food industries to create innovations to stay competitive in the market. 3D food printing incorporates 3DP digital gastronomy strategies to manufacture food products with consistency in shape, color, flavor, texture, and even nutrition. Thus, by controlling the number of materials and the quality of nutrients, food items can be manufactured and handled to fulfill their particular requirements. For food printing, both proprietary structures and self-developed frameworks are used from open sources.Similar frameworks are re-engineered to reformulate administration, content creation, and user interface. For example, three printing medium types, natural printable products, non-printable synthetic food products, and alternative ingredients as well as two recipe forms (i.e., element-based recipes and regular recipes) are used for customized food production. The authors address that open 3D technology for food printing and food processing technology are theoretically correlated with food printing.The book will help industrial designers, nutrition professionals, dieticians, manufacturing enterprises, and young researchers in food technology, material science, and mechanical engineering understand the latest advances in 3DP technology in food industries.

This book focuses on how Indigenous knowledge and methodologies can contribute towards the decolonisation of peace and conflict studies (PACS). It shows how Indigenous knowledge is essential to ensure that PACS research is relevant, respectful, accurate, and non-exploitative of Indigenous Peoples, in an effort to reposition Indigenous perspectives and contexts through Indigenous experiences, voices, and research processes, to provide balance to the power structures within this discipline. It includes critiques of ethnocentrism within PACS scholarship, and how both research areas can be brought together to challenge the violence of colonialism, and the colonialism of the institutions and structures within which decolonising researchers are working. Contributions in the book cover Indigenous research in Aotearoa, Australia, The Caribbean, Hawai'i, Israel, Mexico, Nigeria, Palestine, Philippines, Samoa, USA, and West Papua.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed papers presented at the 7th Indian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference (7IYGEC 2019) held at the National Institute of Technology, Silchar. It covers recent research developments in geotechnical engineering particularly in the fields of shallow and deep foundations, rock mechanics, ground improvement techniques, geotechnical earthquake engineering, and characterization of soil. The book also discusses several computational techniques to model behavior of soil which can be useful for future research. A special emphasis is given on geo-environmental engineering for making the world cleaner and safer to live. Given the contents, the book will be beneficial for students, researchers, and professionals working in geotechnical engineering and allied areas.

This book presents the state of the skill of understanding brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling plus crosstalk with phytohormone and their association in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses comprising physiological, biochemical, and molecular developments. Due to progressively adverse environmental conditions and scarce natural resources, high-efficient crops have become more important than ever. For the successful improvement of stress-tolerant plants, it is vital to understand the precise signaling appliances that plants practice to abide stresses as well as how much these mechanisms are convinced by phytohormone. However, it is also debatable on which step plants can attain brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling from an evolutionary viewpoint. BRs are involved in modulating a large array of important functions throughout a plant's life cycles. BRs are considered as one of the most important plant steroidal hormones that show a varied role in observing a wide range of developmental practices in plants. Our grip on brassinosteroids signaling has quickly extended over the past two decades, owing in part to the isolation of the constituents intricate in the signal transduction trail. The book proposes a useful guide for plant researchers and graduate students in connected areas.  

The book provides essential information on some of the promising edible medicinal plants and how these possess both nutritional as well as therapeutic value. The significance of the edible plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of their chemical constituents are discussed systematically concerning the role of these plants in ethnomedicine in different regions of the world. The current volume deals with the individual plants' phytochemical and pharmacological properties, emphasizing human health. The title would demonstrate the value of natural edible plants and introduce readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in omics-driven research.This book is a single-source scientific reference to explore the specific factors that contribute to these potential health benefits and discuss how to maximize those potential benefits. Chemists, food technologists, pharmacologists, phytochemists, and all professionals involved with quality control and standardization will find in this book a valuable and updated basis for their work.

This book is written by international experts with both academic and industrial credentials. It presents for the first time, a collection of up-­to-­date scientific advances in the area of edible fats and oils technology, over a span of 10 years from 2009 to the year 2019. The book covers the existing and recent advanced techniques adopted in the edible fats and oils research and touches on the processing and modification, to the traceability and sustainability issues of fats and oils. Some recent technologies like supercritical carbon dioxide, microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic¿ assisted processes, ionic liquid, enzymatic processes, biosensor and membrane technology are presented in the book. The book aims to provide the technologists and researchers in research, development and operations in the edible fats and oils industries with critical and readily accessible information on the recent advances in the field. The book is divided into three broad sections- Fats and Oils Chemistry and Processing, Fats and Oils Modification and Health Implications, and Fats and Oils Safety, Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts. It is an extremely comprehensive and valuable resource, which serves as an essential reference for students and lipid scientists from academia or industry.

The book is the first to explore the history and political significance of the Japanese public housing program. In the 1960s, as Japan's postwar economy boomed, architects and urban planners inspired equally by Western modernism and Soviet ideas of housing as a basic right created new cityscapes to house populations turned into refugees by the war. Over time, as Japan's society aged and the economy began to stagnate, these structures have become a burden on society. In this closely researched monograph on the conditions of Japanese housing, Tatiana Knoroz sheds unexpected light on the rise and fall of the idea of social democracy in Japan which will be of interest to historians, architects, and scholars of Asian economic modernization.

This book provides a comprehensive summary of the latest knowledge regarding functional foods and new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders through explaining specific mechanisms for natural remedies and functional foods as well as alternative treatment and supplementary approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Many relevant topics are covered, including role of prebiotics, recent applications for dietary polyphenols, marine bioactive compounds for neuro disorders, and age-related disorders. The roles of various remedies and functional foods are explained for various types of diseases, and the book also integrates the role of functional foods and remedies to work with the current therapeutics that are taking place. In parallel, the information presented through this book will also stimulate current status of leading contemporary methods for prohylactic and diagnostic practices, comprising nanoparticles, biomarkers, in silico techniques, and CRISPR-mediated genome editing-based therapy. The book will be essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in natural medicine, drug development, and food therapeutic strategies. In presenting new results and approaches and identifying areas for future research, it will also be of benefit for specialists in the field.

This book (Vol. II) presents select proceedings of the first Online International Conference on Recent Advances in Computational and Experimental Mechanics (ICRACEM 2020) and focuses on theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of solid and fluid mechanics. Various topics covered are computational modelling of extreme events; mechanical modelling of robots; mechanics and design of cellular materials; mechanics of soft materials; mechanics of thin-film and multi-layer structures; meshfree and particle based formulations in continuum mechanics; multi-scale computations in solid mechanics, and materials; multiscale mechanics of brittle and ductile materials; topology and shape optimization techniques; acoustics including aero-acoustics and wave propagation; aerodynamics; dynamics and control in micro/nano engineering; dynamic instability and buckling; flow-induced noise and vibration; inverse problems in mechanics and system identification; measurement and analysis techniques in nonlinear dynamic systems; multibody dynamical systems and applications; nonlinear dynamics and control; stochastic mechanics; structural dynamics and earthquake engineering; structural health monitoring and damage assessment; turbomachinery noise; vibrations of continuous systems, characterization of advanced materials; damage identification and non-destructive evaluation; experimental fire mechanics and damage; experimental fluid mechanics; experimental solid mechanics; measurement in extreme environments; modal testing and dynamics; experimental hydraulics; mechanism of scour under steady and unsteady flows; vibration measurement and control; bio-inspired materials; constitutive modelling of materials; fracture mechanics; mechanics of adhesion, tribology and wear; mechanics of composite materials; mechanics of multifunctional materials; multiscale modelling of materials; phase transformations in materials; plasticity and creep in materials; fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics; fluid-structure interaction; free surface, moving boundary and pipe flow; hydrodynamics; multiphase flows; propulsion; internal flow physics; turbulence modelling; wave mechanics; flow through porous media; shock-boundary layer interactions; sediment transport; wave-structure interaction; reduced-order models; turbo-machinery; experimental hydraulics; mechanism of scour under steady and unsteady flows; applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence in mechanics; transport phenomena and soft computing tools in fluid mechanics. The contents of these two volumes (Volumes I and II) discusses various attributes of modern-age mechanics in various disciplines, such as aerospace, civil, mechanical, ocean engineering and naval architecture. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in solid and fluid mechanics and allied fields.