Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Conversion and Thermo-fluid Systems (i-CONECTS 2021). It covers the latest trends in the areas of energy conversion and thermofluid systems. The topics covered include enhanced heat transfer, multi-phase flows, power generation technologies, fluid-structure interaction, alternative fuels, micro- and-nano-scale heat and mass transfer, energy, emissions control technologies, etc. The book will be a valuable reference for the researchers and professionals interested in the energy conversion technologies and allied fields.

This book explores the possibility and feasibility of building a new model of major-country relations between China and the United States, which is of great significance to the sound interaction between the two countries and the preservation of peace and stability of the world. In early June 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Barack Obama reached a consensus on building a new model of major-country relations at the historical Sunny lands meeting in California. In the years that followed, the two leaders were committed to that goal despite the different interpretations in its substance. How is the new model of major-country relations conceptualized and developed? What renders it possible? Is the major-country conflict inevitable? These are the basic issues addressed in this book. Now, China-US relations are at a critical juncture. The international community is watching the world's two largest economies and is quite concerned about the future of one of the world's most complicated bilateral relationships. This timely publication of Professor Tao Wenzhao provides us with a realistic approach to managing this vital relationship in a candid and balanced way.

This book presents the select proceedings of the first International Conference on Energy and Materials Technologies (ICEMT) 2021, organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India. It covers the recent technologies in two broad thematic areas: energy and materials. Various topics covered in this book include hybrid energy, advanced energy systems, energy management, energy policy, geothermal, nuclear energy, bio-energy, waste to energy, power plants, and automotives. The book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals in the area of mechanical engineering, especially various domains of energy.

The book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (INCOME 2021). It presents the topics related to thermal and fluid mechanics including various sources of energy. The topics covered include theoretical and practical aspects of thermal and fluid systems and thermal design of the related equipment. The book also includes latest topics such as solar energy, computational techniques, enhancement of energy storage capacity, fluid solid interaction, and hybrid energy systems. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in research, design and development in thermal and fluid sciences.

This book offers a wealth of knowledge and information about the fundamental and practical aspects of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. The book provides an overview of these devices by considering their merits and business potential, the history of their research and development, the fundamental technology, and required properties for materials, devices, processes, and future trends of flexible OLED devices. The practical sections describe novel, cutting-edge expertise for flexible substrates, gas barriers, encapsulation, novel  electrodes, and on-demand patterning for OLED devices.  Applications of the technologies of ultra-thin glass, stainless steel foil, and barrier films are described as flexible substrates. The book also explains features such as dry-barrier layers, wet-barrier layers, multi-layer barrier structures, dam-fill encapsulation, thin film encapsulation (TFE), and laminating encapsulation. In addition, there are explanations of novel electrodes and on-demand ink-jet patterning, both of which are applicable to flexible OLED devices. As the novel electrodes, transparent conducting polymer, silver nanowire (AgNW), metal-mesh and roll-to-roll (R2R) process technologies are included.  The know-how that is described here is applicable to flexible devices, not only for OLEDs, OPVs, OTFTs, and others but also for sensors, wearable devices, robots, and healthcare devices. The information contained in this valuable book is useful for all scientists, engineers, and managers who are interested in the field of flexible devices. 

This book demonstrates that population structure and dynamics can be reconstructed by stochastic analysis. Population projection is usually based on age-structured population models. These models consist of age-dependent fertility and mortality, whereas birth and death processes generally arise from states of individuals. For example, a number of seeds are proportional to tree size, and amount of income and savings are the basis of decision making for birth behavior in human beings. Thus, even though individuals belong to an identical cohort, they have different fertility and mortality. To treat this kind of individual heterogeneity, stochastic state transitions are reasonable rather than the deterministic states. This book extends deterministic systems to stochastic systems specifically, constructing a state transition model represented by stochastic differential equations. The diffusion process generated by stochastic differential equations provides statistics determining population dynamics, i.e., heterogeneity is incorporated in population dynamics as its statistics. Applying this perspective to demography and evolutionary biology, we can consider the role of heterogeneity in life history or evolution. These concepts are provided to readers with explanations of stochastic analysis.

These proceedings gather outstanding papers presented at the China SAE Congress 2021, held on Oct. 19-21, Shanghai, China. Featuring contributions mainly from China, the biggest carmaker as well as most dynamic car market in the world, the book covers a wide range of automotive-related topics and the latest technical advances in the industry. Many of the approaches in the book will help technicians to solve practical problems that affect their daily work. In addition, the book offers valuable technical support to engineers, researchers and postgraduate students in the field of automotive engineering.

The volume comprises proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Aviation. The contents focus on air traffic control and management, quality control and reliability improvement of radio equipment and avionics, designing and testing aircraft assemblies and mechanisms, reliability improvement of aircraft management systems, aviation enterprise management, etc. There is also emphasis on the current problems and prospects for development of unmanned aircraft systems. This volume will be beneficial to researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers alike.

This book is a must-have for blockchain developers who want to learn from scratch how to leverage blockchain technology in a real-world setting. The first section provides a brief overview of blockchain technology, including its concepts, history, technology genre, major related companies and typical application scenarios, and presents an ecological map for the blockchain industry by comparing and analyzing some mainstream platforms.The second section systematically introduces Ethereum and HyperLedger, exemplars of well-known open-source blockchain platforms, and demonstrates how to conduct blockchain applications development based on the two platforms.The third section illustrates core technology of enterprise blockchain platforms (to take Hyperchain, an independent, controllable blockchain alliance as an example), and covers Hyperchain based enterprise blockchain applications development technology.The fourth section presents 6 actual blockchain-based applications examples, and analyzes applications development procedure and related key codes. Examples in this book are of great practicability and operability, allowing practitioners to get started easily, and eventually utilize these skills to develop real-life, usable blockchain applications.

This book gathers a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering (ICECME 2021), held as a virtual conference and organized by Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, on October 11-12, 2021.This book, prepared by international scientists and engineers, covers the latest advances in computational mechanics, metallurgy and material science, energy systems, manufacturing processing systems, industrial and system engineering, biomechanics, artificial intelligence, micro-/nano-engineering, micro-electro-mechanical system, machine learning, mechatronics, and engineering design. This book is intended for academics, including graduate students and researchers, as well as industrial practitioners working in the areas of experimental and computational mechanics.

This book discusses the invertibility of fuzzy topological spaces and related topics. Certain types of fuzzy topological spaces are introduced, and interrelations between them are brought forth. Various properties of invertible fuzzy topological spaces are presented, and characterizations for completely invertible fuzzy topological spaces are discussed. The relationship between homogeneity and invertibility is examined, and, subsequently, the orbits in an invertible fuzzy topological space are studied. The structure of invertible fuzzy topological spaces is investigated, and a clear picture of the inverting pairs in an invertible fuzzy topological space is introduced. Further, the related spaces such as sums, subspaces, simple extensions, quotient spaces, and product spaces of invertible fuzzy topological spaces are examined. In addition, the effect of invertibility on fuzzy topological properties like separation axioms, axioms of countability, compactness, and fuzzy connectedness in invertible fuzzy topological spaces is established. The book sketches ideas extended to the bigger canvas of L-topology in a very interesting manner.

This book presents theory and applications of recently introduced butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA). It also highlights hybridization process in the basic structure of BOA with in-depth analysis of complexity. This book also describes the constraint handling process. The newly introduced variant is implemented and validated on a set of linear and nonlinear real works problems of engineering and pulp and paper industry. The simulated results are compared with most of the basic algorithms. Comparative and nonparametric statistical result analysis illustrates the efficacy of the algorithm. 

This book arose from commissioned research by the National Catholic Education Commission (NCEC) on the alignment and effectiveness of 'A Framework for Formation for Mission in Catholic Education' (NCEC, 2017). It articulates contemporary best practice, and traces the experience of the Catholic Church in pursuing formation as integral to mission. This book also reviews and reports on formation within the context of the Catholic school. Its research validates 'The Framework' in Catholic education, and provides a complementary narrative for enhancing formation alignment and effectiveness, specifically with a focus on the Catholic school, but also with implications for formation in the wider context of ministry applications.This book is developed based on three questions, which also serve as thematic chapters that structure the narrative: what is the context and culture in which formation occurs; how is formation presented and enacted within the Australian context; and how can the understanding and practice of formation be advanced beyond its context and culture, policy, programs and 'The Framework' principles.

This book provides analytic tools to describe local and global behavior of solutions to Ito-stochastic differential equations with non-degenerate Sobolev diffusion coefficients and locally integrable drift. Regularity theory of partial differential equations is applied to construct such solutions and to obtain strong Feller properties, irreducibility, Krylov-type estimates, moment inequalities, various types of non-explosion criteria, and long time behavior, e.g., transience, recurrence, and convergence to stationarity. The approach is based on the realization of the transition semigroup associated with the solution of a stochastic differential equation as a strongly continuous semigroup in the Lp-space with respect to a weight that plays the role of a sub-stationary or stationary density. This way we obtain in particular a rigorous functional analytic description of the generator of the solution of a stochastic differential equation and its full domain. The existence of such a weight is shown under broad assumptions on the coefficients. A remarkable fact is that although the weight may not be unique, many important results are independent of it. Given such a weight and semigroup, one can construct and further analyze in detail a weak solution to the stochastic differential equation combining variational techniques, regularity theory for partial differential equations, potential, and generalized Dirichlet form theory. Under classical-like or various other criteria for non-explosion we obtain as one of our main applications the existence of a pathwise unique and strong solution with an infinite lifetime. These results substantially supplement the classical case of locally Lipschitz or monotone coefficients.We further treat other types of uniqueness and non-uniqueness questions, such as uniqueness and non-uniqueness of the mentioned weights and uniqueness in law, in a certain sense, of the solution.

This book discusses eight grammatical items, with main focus on prepositions and plural nouns, to illustrate the structure of Japanese English or the English spoken by 32 Japanese nationals who are the L2 users of English. Adopting an inductive, theory-neutral, analysis of empirical data collected from recordings of presentational talks, the author demonstrates how standard and nonstandard grammatical forms are distributed, and categorizes these based largely on functional factors. The book describes grammatical forms as a fundamental aspect of linguistic study and adopts a corpus-driven approach to qualify structural features characterizing usage data. This formalization of language usage patterns also facilitates the development of 'locally' relevant norms and thus presents alternatives to the normative varieties traditionally adopted. It examines the effects of multicompetence and unpacks the grammar of Japanese English. The book is of interest to researchers, educators, and students concerned with issues related to World Englishes, English as a lingua franca, English language teaching, and multilingualism, this text is vital to studies in global English language use.

This book presents the select proceedings of the first International Conference on Energy and Materials Technologies (ICEMT) 2021, organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India. It covers the recent technologies in two broad thematic areas: energy and materials. Various topics covered in this book include advanced materials and characterization, mechanical behavior of materials, nanomaterials and nanotechnology, biomaterials, composite materials, environmental-friendly materials, structural materials, advances in aerospace technology, and advanced materials and manufacturing. The book is useful for students, researchers, and professionals in the area of mechanical engineering, especially various domains of materials.

Every year, 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis (TB) in the world, and of those, 1.5 million people die even though it is a preventable and curable disease. As a result, TB remains the world's leading infectious cause of death. On the other hand, in industrialized countries, the TB incidence has fallen to a historic low, and clinicians' experience with TB diminished significantly in recent years. Additional challenges for clinicians include atypical presentation of TB in the immunocompromised, especially among the elderly, and an increasing number of patients with drug-resistant TB. Delayed diagnosis of TB leads to the spread of TB including nosocomial transmission because TB is an air-borne infectious disease, and suboptimal treatment can result in development of drug resistance.  Furthermore, treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) can prevent future TB cases but it has been under-utilized despite recent innovations in diagnosis and treatment regimens of LTBI. This book focuses on advances in diagnostic tools and treatment for both TB disease and latent TB infection. Each chapter/topic is written by one of the top TB experts in the field and the authors are from Japan and the US.  Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Prevention offers up-to-date information that can be incorporated into a busy practice of clinicians while they can appreciate broad international perspectives and gain in-depth knowledge on TB.

This book presents select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advancements of Mechanical Engineering (ICRAME 2021), which was held during 7th to 9th February 2021 at National Institute of Technology Silchar. The book entails the recent developments in a range of areas related to mechanical engineering. It examines the state-of-the-art researches in the areas of thermal engineering, engineering design, manufacturing/ production engineering and surface engineering. Various topics covered include advanced energy sources, bio-thermal applications, techniques in fluid flow, computing in applied mechanics and product design, dynamics and control of structures/ systems, fracture and failure mechanics, solid mechanics, casting, welding, brazing, soldering, JIT, MRP, supply chain management and logistics. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of mechanical engineering.

This book is a compilation of peer reviewed papers presented at International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications (MIDAS 2021), held in Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh during 26 - 27 December 2021. The book covers applications in various fields like image processing, natural language processing, computer vision, sentiment analysis, speech and gesture analysis, etc. It also includes interdisciplinary applications like legal, healthcare, smart society, cyber physical system and smart agriculture, etc. The book is a good reference for computer science engineers, lecturers/researchers in machine intelligence discipline and engineering graduates.

This book explores the immigration policies and practices of the Trump administration, with a specific focus on Trump's travel ban and the wall along the southern border with Mexico. Both were enacted shortly after Trump was elected President. It examines how the Trump administration defined and represented immigration as an issue of national security and why it sought to address the perceived security challenges posed by immigration through the specific forms of a travel ban and a wall along the southern border. The main argument advanced is that a logic of risk underpinned the Trump administration's approach to immigration and national security. Employing the framework of riskisation, this book explores the embodied, racialised, and gendered construction and representation of risk, political and popular resistance to Trump's wall and travel ban, and the social and political consequences of both.

This book compares urban finances in cities located in two different South Asian countries and assesses their fiscal health. It uses simulation to estimate the required augmentation in financial resources by the urban local bodies (ULBs) to reach a level of city development that is significantly better compared to existing levels. The book provides a systematic analysis of the fiscal health of two city corporations in Bangladesh, viz. Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC); and one city corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal viz. Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The choice of city corporations was based on the shared history and the similarity of heritage, culture, topography and socio-economic conditions. Both DNCC and DSCC as well as the KMC have a high population density, which puts immense pressure on the service delivery provided by these corporations of basic services such as water supply, sanitation facilities, street lighting, drainage and sewerage and waste disposal. This is compounded by poor fiscal health of the ULBs.  Using primary data collected through surveys and personal interviews and information obtained from official documents, the book estimates fiscal gaps of the ULBs and undertakes simple simulations to estimate potential revenue enhancements and expenditure requirements to deliver services at the internationally acceptable standards. It highlights under-exploited sources of revenue which can be better realized and also identifies untapped revenue sources that can be easily introduced, in order to significantly enhance city revenues. The book is an excellent resource not only for researchers studying this topic, but also for policy makers and urban planners, particularly those from developing countries having to deal with burgeoning cities with high migrant population density.

This book presents the achievements made in solar energy and prospects in achieving solar potential in India. It covers the historical perspectives, innovations and myriad applications of solar energy in its different forms. The book discusses solar devices and covers both solar photovoltaics and solar thermal energy and includes both heat and electricity applications. Solar policies in India, solar research, technologies, large scale adoption as well as future trends are also discussed. This book will be useful for researchers and professionals with interests in  technological, economical and policy developments in solar energy driven power industry.

This book provides a written record of the synergy that already exists among the research communities and represents a solid framework in the advancement of big data and cloud computing disciplines from which new interaction will result in the future. This book is a compendium of the International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing (ICBDCC 2021). It includes recent advances in big data analytics, cloud computing, the Internet of nano things, cloud security, data analytics in the cloud, smart cities and grids, etc. This book primarily focuses on the application of knowledge that promotes ideas for solving the problems of society through cutting-edge technologies. The articles featured in this book provide novel ideas that contribute to the growth of world-class research and development. The contents of this book are of interest to researchers and professionals alike.

The most crucial ability for machine learning and data science is mathematical logic for grasping their essence rather than relying on knowledge or experience. This textbook addresses the fundamentals of kernel methods for machine learning by considering relevant math problems and building R programs. The book's main features are as follows:The content is written in an easy-to-follow and self-contained style.The book includes 100 exercises, which have been carefully selected and refined. As their solutions are provided in the main text, readers can solve all of the exercises by reading the book.The mathematical premises of kernels are proven and the correct conclusions are provided, helping readers to understand the nature of kernels.Source programs and running examples are presented to help readers acquire a deeper understanding of the mathematics used.Once readers have a basic understanding of the functional analysis topics covered in Chapter 2, the applications are discussed in the subsequent chapters. Here, no prior knowledge of mathematics is assumed.This book considers both the kernel for reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) and the kernel for the Gaussian process; a clear distinction is made between the two.

This book includes selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Computing and Communication Networks (ICCCN 2021), held at Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom, during 19-20 November 2021. The book covers topics of network and computing technologies, artificial intelligence and machine learning, security and privacy, communication systems, cyber physical systems, data analytics, cyber security for Industry 4.0, and smart and sustainable environmental systems.

This book features selected research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2021), organized in Krishna Engineering College (KEC), Ghaziabad, India, along with Academic Associates; Southern Federal University, Russia; IAC Educational, India; and ITS Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India, during October 30-31, 2021. It includes innovative work from researchers, leading innovators, and professionals in the area of communication and network technologies, advanced computing technologies, data analytics and intelligent learning, the latest electrical and electronics trends, and security and privacy issues.

The focus of this book is on the further development of the classical achievements in analysis of several complex variables, the analytic continuation and the analytic structure of sets, to settings in which the  q-pseudoconvexity in the sense of Rothstein and the q-convexity in the sense of Grauert play a crucial role. After giving a brief survey of notions of generalized convexity and their most important results, the authors present recent statements on analytic continuation related to them. Rothstein (1955) first introduced q-pseudoconvexity using generalized Hartogs figures. SA odkowski (1986) defined q-pseudoconvex sets by means of the existence of exhaustion functions which are q-plurisubharmonic in the sense of Hunt and Murray (1978). Examples of q-pseudoconvex sets appear as complements of  analytic sets. Here, the relation of the analytic structure of graphs of continuous surfaces whose complements are q-pseudoconvex is investigated. As an outcome, the authors generalize results by Hartogs (1909), Shcherbina (1993), and Chirka (2001) on the existence of foliations of pseudoconcave continuous real hypersurfaces by smooth complex ones. A similar generalization is obtained by a completely different approach using Lmethods in the setting of q-convex spaces. The notion of q-convexity was developed by Rothstein (1955) and Grauert (1959) and extended to q-convex spaces by Andreotti and Grauert (1962). Andreotti-Grauert's finiteness theorem was applied by Andreotti and Norguet (1966-1971) to extend Grauert's solution of the Levi problem to q-convex spaces. A consequence is that the sets of (q-1)-cycles of q-convex domains with smooth boundaries in projective algebraic manifolds, which are equipped with complex structures as open subsets of Chow varieties, are in fact holomorphically convex. Complements of analytic curves are studied, and the relation of q-convexity and cycle spaces is explained. Finally, results for q-convex domains in projective spaces are shown and the q-convexity in analytic families is investigated.

This book highlights a research-based design proposal which has the purpose of relieving from lack of global food supply. Due to the current overuse of land, it suggests an extension of aquatic food production with floating devices onto the sea. These devices are called SeaOasis because they function as an oasis as closed-loop systems and are therefore highly sustainable.Best geographic conditions for an extension from agriculture to aquaculture by SeaOasis match with coastal areas with serious or alarming hunger index. The low complexity, low-cost construction and the manageable size of the design is ideal for smallholders to support food security in terms of accessibility, affordability, and diversity of diet. Various configurations are described and coupled with expected revenues for potential seed-funded demonstration projects.The book presents the entire process from problem statement to design development and the preparation of its implementation. It showcases therefore also the benefits of aquatectural design as an interdisciplinary combination of aquatic architectural design, marine engineering and biology, sociology and economy

This book Technological Advancement in Mechanical & Automotive Engineering gathers selected papers submitted to the 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research in fields related to automotive engineering, thermal and fluid engineering, and energy. This proceeding consists of papers in aforementioned related fields presented by researchers and scientists from universities, research institutes and industry showcasing their latest findings and discussions with an emphasis on innovations and developments in embracing the new norm resulting from the COVID pandemic.