Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book presents various biotechnological applications of the fungal systems in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, textile industry, bioremediation, biofuel, and the production of biomolecules. It discusses the important role of fungal secondary metabolites in human welfare and nutrition. It explores fungi as the vital sources of novel substances with antidiabetic, antibiotic as well as prebiotic properties. The book further describes the natural and unique ability of fungi to biodegrade macro- and microplastics by using them as a source of carbon and energy. Notably, it presents the properties and applications of bioactive fungal polysaccharides and discusses the latest developments in utilizing these biopolymers in human nutrition. In addition, the book examines the production of biodegradable and sustainable natural colorants from fungal sources. This book is a valuable source for mycologists, biotechnologists, and microbiologists for understanding the important role of fungi in biotechnology.

Convergence in crossover service explores the crossover phenomenon, crossover services and the convergence issues that arise in typical crossover scenarios. Unlike traditional service integration, crossover services need to realize multidimensional convergence of pattern, design, run-time environment, quality, and value.This book creatively proposes a framework of crossover service pattern modeling, simulation, evaluation, and convergence to achieve quantitative calculation and analysis of crossover service patterns. Also, this book provides a requirements convergence modeling and analysis framework to support crossover services requirements analysis and design. In the meantime, authors develop a new crossover service network architecture to achieve efficient governance of large-scale crossover services and construct an evaluation and optimization system for service quality and value. In the case of the rural Taobao scenario, the theory and engineering methods presented in this book can provide better solutions for crossover convergence.This book is of great interest to researchers and academics wishing to see what crossover services are, how they are implemented, and what benefits they bring.

Ovarian aging is a core factor in female aging, leading not only to reduced reproductive function such as infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies, but also to perimenopausal syndromes, genitourinary syndrome of menopause and related diseases (osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, cardiovascular disease, etc.). This book comprehensively presents the latest research progress of ovarian aging worldwide, and systematically explain the mechanism of the rise and fall of ovarian function. It will be a valuable reference for gynecologists and practitioner working in ovarian aging.

This book contributes conceptually, theoretically and morally to a deeper understanding of the distinctive Asian perceptions of punishment, justice and human rights. Researched and prepared by scholars who have not only been conducting studies on the death penalty in the region but have also been advocating for legal reforms, this edited book touches upon the different justifications for the use of capital punishment in the ASEAN region, exposing the secrecy, sensitivities and dilemmas that mask violations of international human rights laws. The chapters bring in numerous new perspectives which have been overlooked in the traditional discourse surrounding the use of the death penalty, such as that around crimes that do not meet the threshold of ¿most serious¿; the dignity of death row inmates and their families; contradictions within religion and capital punishment; and the way in which growing authoritarianism and the media are adversely influencing the public¿s perception and support for capital punishment in the region. In examining how public opinion shapes state policies towards the death penalty and how it varies according to different offences and different states, the authors critically analyse how the international human rights mechanisms have specifically called for ASEAN member states to refrain from extending the application of the death penalty and to limit it to the ¿most serious crimes.¿ Relevant to socio-legal scholars focused on crime and punishment in Southeast Asia, and in the Global South more broadly, this is a landmark collection in criminology and human rights scholarship. Chapter "ASEAN and the Death Penalty: Theoretical and Legal Views and a Pathway to Abolition" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book is a complete guide to epoxidized natural rubber covering from the epoxidation chemistry, production process, raw rubber and compound properties, mixing recommendations as its applications in tire, engineering, general and industrial rubber goods, latex based products such as adhesive, foam and paint as well as sustainability or life cycle analysis of ENR rubber. Hence, it is useful for readers either from the industry which looking for specific product application and properties, or scientists and academicians working on their research using the ENR in their study for reference and guidance.

The grammatical category of (sentence) mood has been of central interest to many branches of linguistics, including linguistic typology and systemic functional linguistics. This book is a successful integration of the typological and systemic functional approaches to mood, aiming to investigate the commonalities and variations across languages in both mood system and mood structure. To this aim, it establishes a geographically, genetically and typologically representative sample of 60 languages and provides detailed systemic functional descriptions of the mood system and mood structure of these languages. Based on such descriptions, it makes cross-linguistic comparisons of the mood system and mood structure of the languages in the sample. Structurally, it explores the cross-linguistic commonalities and variations in (i) the realizations of some major functional elements in mood structure, (ii) the realizations of mood options and (iii) the realizations of mood system. Systemically,it investigates how languages resemble and vary from each other in (i) the subtypes of major mood types, (ii) the organization of mood system and (iii) the semantic dimensions along which mood system is elaborated further in delicacy. Moreover, building on the descriptions and comparisons, it makes some generalizations about the structural and systemic features of mood and proposes some tentative explanations for the commonalities and variations languages display in mood system and mood structure. This book is an empirical and holistic approach to the typology of mood and contributes to a deeper understanding of the grammatical category. It is of special interest to systemic functional linguists, typologists, grammarians and descriptive linguists.

Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Applications consists of research investigated by the author, containing state-of-the-art knowledge, authored by Dr Teoh Teik Toe, in applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to the medical imagery domain. This book will expose researchers to various applications and techniques applied with deep learning on medical images, as well as unique techniques to enhance the performance of these networks.Through the various chapters and topics covered, this book provides knowledge about the fundamentals of deep learning to a common reader while allowing a research scholar to identify some futuristic problem areas. The topics covered include brain tumor classification, pneumonia image classification, white blood cell classification, skin cancer classification and diabetic retinopathy detection. The first chapter will begin by introducing various topics used in training CNNs to help readers with common concepts covered across the book. Each chapter begins by providing information about the disease, its implications to the affected and how the use of CNNs can help to tackle issues faced in healthcare. Readers would be exposed to various performance enhancement techniques, which have been tried and tested successfully, such as specific data augmentations and image processing techniques utilized to improve the accuracy of the models.

This book integrates the fundamental concept of international business theory, internationalization theory, and market orientation theory providing an accessible and detailed introduction to the wide array of different research field. It provides a reader with an understanding of detail explanation of market orientation from export settings. The topics addressed in this book include all the topics related to export market orientation, market orientation theories and practices, explanation of all sorts of developed empirical studies related to the field. A detailed explanation of each trend of research where each type of existing frameworks like direct, indirect (moderated or mediated), U-shaped, inverted U shape has been presented. The topics addressed in the book include main trends in terms of methodologies employed, samples used, theories applied for the research. Moreover, this book categorizes existing research based upon emerging themes in order to draw insights on under-researched areas that should be further delved into in the future. This book is highly recommended to the readers who seek an in-depth understanding of export market orientation in the field of international business.

This book is the first organized collection of some results that have been obtained by the authors, their collaborators, and other researchers in the variational approach to structured deformations. It sets the basis and makes more accessible the theoretical apparatus for assigning an energy to a structured deformation, thereby providing motivation to researchers in applied mathematics, continuum mechanics, engineering, and materials science to study the deformation of a solid body without committing at the outset to a specific mechanical theory. Researchers will benefit from an approach in which elastic, plastic, and fracture phenomena can be treated in a unified way.¿The book is intended for an audience acquainted with measure theory, the theory of functions of bounded variation, and continuum mechanics. Any students in their last years of undergraduate studies, graduate students, and researchers with a background in applied mathematics, thecalculus of variations, and continuum mechanics will have the prerequisite to read this book.

This book evaluates the past, present, and future habitat suitability of giant pandas based on spatial observation technology involving optical remote sensing, microwave remote sensing, and LiDAR to discover the mysterious ecological environment of giant panda habitat. Considering the problems faced by the world natural heritage site protection, it takes the world natural heritage site ¿Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries ¿ Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains¿ as the research area, exemplifies systematically the various techniques and methodologies of spatial information technology for monitoring, evaluation, and prediction of rare and endangered species habitats, and provides scientific suggestions for sustainable development of giant panda habitat based on a series of comprehensive case analysis at Wolong national nature reserve and Ya'an prefecture, Sichuan province, China. The book serves both as a textbook in the field of natural heritage protection, remote sensing, and GIS application, as well as a reference for managing natural heritage sites.

¿This is the second in a series of three volumes of proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC 2022) which was held by Chinese Nuclear Society. As one in the most important and influential conference series of nuclear science and technology, the 23rd PBNC was held in Beijing and Chengdu, China in 2022 with the theme ¿Nuclear Innovation for Zero-carbon Future¿. For taking solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, future-oriented nuclear energy should be developed in an innovative way for meeting global energy demands and coordinating the deployment mechanism. It brought together outstanding nuclear scientists and technical experts, senior industry executives, senior government officials and international energy organization leaders from all across the world. The proceedings highlight the latest scientific, technological and industrial advances in Nuclear Safety and Security, Operations and Maintenance, New Builds, Waste Management, Spent Fuel, Decommissioning, Supply Capability and Quality Management, Fuel Cycles, Digital Reactor and New Technology, Innovative Reactors and New Applications, Irradiation Effects, Public Acceptance and Education, Economics, Medical and Biological Applications, and also the student program that intends to raise students¿ awareness in fully engaging in this career and keep them updated on the current situation and future trends.These proceedings are not only a good summary of the frontiers in nuclear science and technology, but also a useful guideline for the researchers, engineers and graduate students.

This book brings together a range of studies that aim at illustrating the ideas, institutions, historical patterns, and contemporary relevance of the social-political system that existed in the main part of East Asia during the premodern era. This is most often known as the Confucian literati-bureaucratic state, the imperial Chinese bureaucratic state, or the Confucian-Legalist state, that was established and endured most notably in China, but also in several East Asian societies such as Korea, Vietnam, Japan. That state and sociopolitical system also greatly shaped state making in several kingdoms in the region ¿ such as Ryukyu and Dali ¿ which were later merged into larger polities. Illuminating the significance of these historical patterns for today, this book will interest political scientists, historians, philosophers, and the general public.

This contributed volume deals with problems associated with huge biomass generated by crop plants and the processing of fruits and food materials. The main focus is to address problems associated with organic residues from agro-industrial processes. This book aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date account of various processes involved in the valorization of this huge biomass available from agro-industrial processes and obtaining valuable primary and secondary metabolites which will have an impact on the rural economy. Decrease in forest cover associated with the production of agriculture-based waste resulting in pollutants like smoke by burning of residual crops, waste from breweries, food processing, pruning of bushes and trees, and from industries producing proteins, vegetable oils and fruit juices etc.This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, agriculture scientists and policymakers. The book brings out the latest reading material for botanists, biotechnologists, environmentalists, biologists, policymakers and NGOs working for environmental protection.

This book showcases how an evidence-based design approach can be utilized in the planning of learning environments, by acknowledging the interconnectedness of research, practice, and theory as core considerations in the design of learning environments. Toward this end, this volume explores a multi-disciplinary perspective that draws upon modern learning theories, and empirical research from the fields of environmental psychology education, and architectural practice. By presenting this information in an accessible manner, it enables researchers, educators and designers to take actionable steps needed to re-imagine their settings and create dynamic places for learning.

This book introduces the outcomes of author¿s 40 years of research, especially the theory of ¿the Triangular Pyramid Structure of Thinking¿ that he independently proposed, and the application of his development theory in the field of mathematics education. The book firstly explains the substantial character of intelligence, the development law of intelligence, and the relationship between intelligence development and creativity cultivation. Secondly, it discusses the structure of mathematical thinking of children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years old, and the methods of developing students¿ thinking ability and the quality of intelligence through arithmetic learning. In the end, this book also demonstrates the characteristics of the development of mathematical thinking ability of children at age 0-6, elementary school students, and secondary school students, and the related latest research in this field. Based on the theory of ¿the Triangular Pyramid Structure of Thinking¿, a number of examples are given to illustrate how the theory of intelligence development can be used in mathematics teaching to promote the development of students¿ thinking abilities and to improve the quality of teaching.This book covers various areas including psychology, mathematics, and education. It has a great reference value for scholars in the field of psychology to study the theory of intelligence and the structure of thinking, providing guidance for parents and mathematics teachers to promote children¿s quality of intelligence and mathematical thinking abilities, and to enhance their mathematics learning effects. In addition, it provides examples for psychological research to serve specific subject teaching in elementary and secondary schools.

This book in its eighteen chapters provides sustainable and smart technology-based solutions to developing nations. Smart farming is growing in importance due to the increasing demand for higher crop yield, the need for using natural resources efficiently, the rising use and sophistication of information and communication technology and the increasing need for climate-smart agriculture. Some of these chapters deal with the applications of smart agriculture to address the special challenges of the Small Island Developing States for sustainable agriculture. The book brings together scientific communities from India, Indonesia, Iraq, Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, Palestine, Sri Lanka and South Africa to share their expertise to make the farming system more connected and intelligent. The smart farming techniques shared in different chapters not only help to reduce the overall cost and improve the quality and quantity of products but altogether help improve the sustainability of agriculturein the developing world.¿Smart Farming¿ is a management concept focused on providing the agricultural industry with the infrastructure to leverage advanced technologies¿including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, robotics, drones and Internet of Things (IoT)¿for tracking, monitoring, automating and analyzing operations. Sometimes known as precision agriculture, smart farming is software managed and sensor monitored.

This book discusses fundamentals of Blockchain technology and Industry 4.0. It discusses many applications of Blockchain technology in Industry 4.0, including integration of AI, IoT, and big data with Blockchain for Industry 4.0. It provides cutting-edge research content from researchers, academicians, and other professionals from different background areas to show their state-of-the-art knowledge to use Blockchain in Industry 4.0. The book discusses advantages of Industry 4.0, such as improved productivity, improved efficiency, flexibility, agility, better user experience, and many more, and also entails some challenges too, such as trust, traceability, security, reliability, transparency, etc., for creating an application of Industry 4.0. The book helps graduate, postgraduate, doctoral students, and industrial professionals to implement Blockchain in Industry 4.0.

In the context of mounting challenges stemming from a rapid transformation of the urban-regional landscapes in many Asian countries, this book highlights a multifaceted array of issues that increasingly engage the academic and planning communities in search of viable solutions to complex problems facing us. Even though cities continue to dominate development studies, urbanization of Asia is evolving toward a hybrid urban-rural nexus beyond the cities. This volume considers these shifting dynamics of Asian urbanization, including urban spatial transformations and their ramifications in the context of sustainability and planning. Through the lens of a set of empirical studies across diverse disciplines, geographies and methodologies. yet with an overarching concern for sustainability in varied (but interconnected) areas such as climate change, land use planning, infrastructure and urban mobility, and quality of life, these studies examine a range of important topics (e.g., flooding, transportation, housing, open space/ green space, urban garden and such) in city/regional settings. Together, they add insights into varied transformational processes or patterns at work on the urban-regional landscapes in a number of Asian countries while offering innovative approaches or alternatives. The proposed volume fills a gap in urban/regional studies in context of South and Southeast Asia that will be of interest to all stakeholders (e.g., planners, administrators, academicians and the citizenry), particularly those interested in sustainability and planning paradigms. It should be a timely and valuable addition to the Asian urbanization literature.

This book presents varied clinical applications of nanomaterials in dentistry ranging from diagnostics to therapeutics. it discusses role of nanomaterials in clinical applications and future needs. Contributors are international luminaries in their respective research area. The topics covered in this book are role of nanomaterials in oral and dental diagnosis, dental disease prevention, pain free dentistry, dental implantology. It also discusses the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles in oral cancer therapy. This book will be a valuable reference for researchers, clinicians, students and professionals working in the areas of nanotechnology and health sciences. It will also be of interest to the students and researchers primarily working in the field of materials science, applied chemistry, applied physics, and biotechnology.

This edited book provides perceptions on ¿indigeneity¿ through a global perspective. Emphasizing the contemporary and postcolonial debates on indigenous, it delves into diversity and dissonance within indigenous concepts. Through its chapters based on theoretical and empirical studies from Asian, African, and American perceptions of indigenous societies, it brings out complexity, resilience, and response of ¿indigenous¿ in the post-colonial global society. It especially looks at how these societies manage to move forward by going beyond the stigma of the colonial past. The chapters in the book are divided into three sections where they discuss indigenous cultures through interdisciplinary perspectives. The narrative approach of historical concepts and contemporary indigenous challenges within the book include anthropological, cultural, ecological, historical, literary, and legal studies. The contributions in the collection come from widely respected international scholars whoare engaged in indigeneity and postcolonial questions. It allows the reader to (re)discover the theories and resilience of the indigenous societies that are historically marked and are reshaping the histories and contemporary narratives in the world. This book is of particular interest to scholars, students, policymakers, and people curious about the histories and the dynamic progress of the indigenous and indigenous societies of Africa, the Americas, and Asia.

This book addresses the current state of economic and political development within Central Asia and the importance of European countries and organizations as international actors and supranational organizations for the Central Asian Region (CAR). It aims to provide a better understanding of Central Asiäs multi-faceted relations in rapidly evolving geostrategic dynamics and serves as a timely insight into the contours of Central Asian states¿ policies, emerging trends, and significant features of these interactions. The aim is to analyze the main challenges for future between the Europe and Central Asia relations, to make recommendations for improvement, and to identify lines for future research on this matter. It highlights key aspects of current discourses in CAR vis-à-vis the role of European countries and China and other key players. It explores post-Soviet scenarios, considering recent drastic changes in the equation of international relations in general and, more particularlythe role of Russia and China vis-à-vis Europe in the CARs. This book covers the different perspectives on the EU¿s new strategy (2019), which will contribute to strengthening relations between the two growing regions. It will be beneficial for academics, practitioners, and policymakers.

This book presents parts of the iM3F 2022 proceedings from the mechatronics as well as the intelligent manufacturing tracks. It highlights recent trends and key challenges in mechatronics as well as the advent of intelligent manufacturing engineering and technology that are non-trivial in embracing Industry 4.0 as well as addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book deliberates on conventional as well as advanced solutions that are utilized in the variety of mechatronics and intelligent manufacturing-based applications. The readers are envisaged to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors as well as solutions from this book.

This book analyzes education in Japan from the viewpoint of ¿the stagnant current Japanese economy¿. Tomoyuki Tamagawa, a long-time mathematics teacher in junior high school, is now a vice principal. He and Tamotsu Nakamura have written Chapter 1 of this book together because they believe that the loss of vitality in the Japanese economy is due to the problem of human capital formation in school education. Shinji Oi has worked for many years at a Japanese broadcasting station and has extensive experience in human resource development. In Chapter 2, he analyzes the relationship between optimal human capital investment and labor market mobility, based on his recognition of the importance of vocational training, or human capital investment at the firm and the necessity for good allocation of human resources. Tokuji Saita is well versed not only in the realities and practices in the financial industry but also in the financial system as a whole. In Chapter 3, based on his long experience in the financial industry, he analyzes and points out the importance of ¿openness¿ of innovation from a macroeconomic point of view.

This is the first book that systematically considers the academic achievements of Japanese institutionalist post-Keynesian economists in the postwar period and argues that we can learn much from their intellectual heritage. Those Japanese economists include the world-renowned figures, Shigeto Tsuru and Hirofumi Uzawa, whose inheritance came from Keynes, Marx, and institutionalism. In the era of globalization after the 1990s, economic inequality and social divide have intensified all over the world. In this situation, the academic achievements of those economists in postwar Japan should be reconsidered for the aim of establishing a new political economy. With this perspective, the book looks at what we can learn from Japanese institutionalist post-Keynesian economists In particular, the essence of research work that each of them developed is identified, focusing on the total image of the economy for contemporary capitalism. Those economists benefited from the diverse legacies of Keynes, Marx, Kalecki and institutionalist economists such as Veblen and Galbraith. When their research is examined systematically, Japanese institutionalist post-Keynesians are commonly characterized as those who developed their institutional analysis of contemporary capitalism with in-depth theoretical and empirical studies, with the aim of establishing their own political economy as the moral science of civil society. These important features provide us with insightful implications for institutional economics in the 21st century.

In this book, the authors highlight the latest research findings on the security and privacy of federated learning systems. The main attacks and counterattacks in this booming field are presented to readers in connection with inference, poisoning, generative adversarial networks, differential privacy, secure multi-party computation, homomorphic encryption, and shuffle, respectively. The book offers an essential overview for researchers who are new to the field, while also equipping them to explore this ¿uncharted territory.¿ For each topic, the authors first present the key concepts, followed by the most important issues and solutions, with appropriate references for further reading. The book is self-contained, and all chapters can be read independently. It offers a valuable resource for master¿s students, upper undergraduates, Ph.D. students, and practicing engineers alike.

This book restores to view a masterpiece of beauty and legal scholarship, which has been lost for almost two hundred years. Produced anonymously in 1838, The Tree of Legal Knowledge is an elaborate visualization in five large colored plates of the law as stated in Sir William Blackstone¿s Commentaries on the Laws of England. Intended as ¿an assistant for students in the study of law,¿ the study aid was not a simple diagram but a beautiful tree with each branch and twig labeled with legal terms and concepts from the Commentaries. Not for law students only, the original was also intended to be of use to the practicing attorney and educated gentleman ¿in consolidating his learning and forming an instructive and ornamental appendage to an office.¿Although Blackstone¿s Commentaries had been first published eighty years earlier, it remained the primary source for knowledge of English law and required reading for American law students. The Commentaries remain relevant today and are frequently cited by the U.S. Supreme Court as a source for the original understanding of legal rights and obligations at the time of American Independence. Despite its artistic beauty and academic significance, The Tree of Legal Knowledge had seemingly disappeared shortly after its publication. It is not included in the collection of any library, including the Library of Congress or in Yale University¿s Blackstone Collection, the largest in the world. It is not listed in the comprehensive Bibliographical Catalog of William Blackstone, edited by Ann Jordan Laeuchli, published for the Yale Law Library in 2015. The present volume reproduces the only extant copy of The Tree of Legal Knowledge. It includes an introduction by the editor that places The Tree in historical context and identifies the anonymous author, an otherwise unknown lawyer. In addition, it reprints the original author¿s introduction and ¿explanation of the branches,¿ both extensively annotated. This book restores this lost masterpiece to its proper place in legal history. The Tree is a beautiful¿and accurate¿depiction of English law as expounded in Blackstone¿s Commentaries, the single most important book in the history of the common law.

This book discusses the extent and nature of COVID-19 pandemic in India and its effect on the society and economy. The suggested management practices discussed here are also not stereotype. At the same time, it highlights deficiency in development fundamentals in India on several dimensions, especially health, education, quality of public spending, taxation orientation, external trade involvement across states, etc., deficiencies which create an inbuilt bottleneck toward the creation of a more equal society. While discussing these, the book throws light on how they were expectedly exacerbated by the sudden negative shock in the form of COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the book has highlighted the COVID pandemic and its response in India in the background of certain less discussed aspects of development fundamentals. The contents would be of interest to researchers and students studying socioeconomic aspect of developmental economics and also to policy makers and non-government entities involved in mitigating effects of pandemic in the socioeconomic sphere.