Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book illustrates the role of the human microbiome in health and diseases. It discusses the association of an imbalanced human microbiome with different human diseases, including inflammatory, metabolic conditions, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The book further reviews the association between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The book provides evolving knowledge of the development, complexity, and functionality of the healthy gut microbiota and covers interventions that modulate and stabilize the gut microbiota. Further, it introduces the human microbiome as a reservoir of AMR genes, the current knowledge on the resistome, and the recent and upcoming advances in molecular diagnostic approaches to unravel this reservoir. Toward the end, the book reviews the advances in understanding the human urinary microbiome and its potential role in urinary tract infection. The chapter also presents the dynamics of the skin microbiome and the association of microbiota with skin disorders and therapeutic interventions. This book is an invaluable read for health professionals, medical students, microbiologists, and scientific research communities who are eager to update themselves with recent trends in microbiome research.

The goal of this book is to show the role of TikTok as a tool for political purposes. To this end, the authors analyse the messages posted on this social medium by political figures and institutions such as politicians and political parties, their impact on political landscapes, as well as the transformation of political communication techniques in order to suit the platform¿s features. In the last two years, the exponential growth of TikTok has led an increasing number of politicians and institutions to incorporate it into their communication strategies. The platform displays some very different features from other social media that determine the way in which the content is presented. In addition, it manages to reach an audience that normally does not access or share political messages.Within this context, the volume pursues two main objectives. First, to examine how the communication techniques and the peculiarities of this social medium ¿ where short videos with actors in informal attitudes prevail ¿ affect the political message. A second objective is to analyse the influence of the messages distributed through TikTok that redefine political scenarios, and of the relationships of politicians and parties with voters. The core of the book comprises case studies that are organised into three parts, with nine chapters in all.The authors are scholars and practitioners of political communication, with diverse geographical representation, who approach the topics from a range of methodological perspectives. The first part addresses the state of the art and the influence of TikTok features on the way political communication is performed. The second part discusses the influence of TikTok on electoral scenarios and political culture in India, Bangladesh, the United States, and Ecuador. Finally, in the third part, TikTok is analysed as an instrument for promoting far right politicians and parties in Europe, as in the case of MatteoSalvini in Italy, and AfD in Germany and Vox in Spain.The volume is oriented to both scholars and communication professionals, such as journalists, communication consultants, and speechwriters, who want to become familiar with the platform, learn about its political impact, or wish to deepen their understanding of transformations in communication techniques and their adaptation to this growing social medium.Chapter 2 ¿The Moving Body as the Articulator, Meme and Affective Link in Political Communication on TikTok¿ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The sliding base (SB) technique is an efficient and economic approach for mitigating the seismic damage of low-rise buildings. This book presents various aspects of SB structures, including their fundamentals, dynamic analysis procedures, seismic response characteristics, design methods, and practical applications. It contains a comprehensive study on the influence of various structural and ground motion characteristics on the responses of SB structures, which is particularly helpful for the readers to fully understand the behavior of SB structures. Researchers and engineers in the field of structural engineering and earthquake engineering will benefit from this book.This is an open access book.

This book explores how AI and mechanism design can provide a new framework for international politics. The international political system is all manners in which countries, governments and people relate. Mechanism design in international politics relates to identifying rules that define relationships between people and countries that achieve a particular outcome, e.g., peace or more trade or democracy or economic development. Artificial intelligence is technique of making machines intelligent. This book explores mechanism design and artificial intelligence in international politics and applies these technologies to politics, economy and society. This book will be of interest to scholars of international relations, politics, sustainable development, and artificial intelligence.

This book provides authentic practice-based inquiries by pre-service teachers. Their reflective narratives showcase their individual inquiries as they navigated their self-chosen professional learning journeys through the teaching as inquiry framework. The narratives advance what it means to be a reflective practitioner in practice and highlight necessary dispositional skill sets to attain valuable professional learning through inquiry. Through an inquiry stance, pre-service teachers are liberated from being knowledge consumers to local knowledge producers relevant to their practice. The dissonance this shift creates, negates the ¿comfortable doing¿ of teaching to make the act of teaching authentic, relevant, and powerful.

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Information Security, Privacy, and Digital Forensics (ICISPD 2022). The content discusses novel contributions and latest developments in cyber-attacks and defenses, computer forensics and cybersecurity database forensics, cyber threat intelligence, data analytics for security, anonymity, penetration testing, incident response, Internet of Things security, malware and botnets, social media security, humanitarian forensics, software and media piracy, crime analysis, hardware security, among others. This volume will be a useful guide for researchers across industry and academia working in the field of security, privacy, and digital forensics from both technological and social perspectives.

This book is mostly devoted to amplification of analogue signals. It covers different technologies (bipolar, MOS, and MES), and different frequency ranges but it always deals with small signals. Analogue signals processed in electronic system may have a wide variety of origins. Among them we have the signals coming from sensors (electro-mechanical, electro-magnetic, electro-chemical, electro-acoustic, electro-optical, etc.), the signals coming from antennas being produced by another electronic system or are simply cosmic produced, and signals that are generated within the electronic systems. The common property of most of the signals is their small amplitude. In many cases it is below a micro-volt. Since at the output of the system we most frequently need a high amplitude signal the main action undertaken in the electronic system before any further processing is to amplify.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cybersecurity and Evolutionary Data Engineering (ICCEDE 2022). The contents highlight cybersecurity and digital forensics, evolutionary data engineering, and data management for secure contemporary applications. It includes papers on data models, semantics, query language; AI-driven industrial automation, ERP, CRM data security; authentication and access control; cyberspace structure and models; and drone large data filtration, cleansing, and security, among others. This book is of immense interest to researchers in academia and industry working in the fields of electronics and data engineering.

This book addresses issues of access that COVID-19 brought forth in higher education, with a primary focus on Asian countries. In looking to address SDG4 to promote ¿inclusive and equitable quality education for all¿, the volume explores the challenges relating to educational exclusion by considering how specially-abled students have been impacted by the digital divide in the context of the pandemic. It puts a spotlight on the approaches, experiences, and case analyses from various geographies in the region to study transitions in inclusivity. Universities and institutes of higher education have had to reconsider their digital offerings and services all the more since the onset of the pandemic, but have, in many instances, failed to fully account for how Internet access can be limited, unavailable, or unaffordable for many students. As a result, specially-abled learners ¿ students without sufficient technological resources, such as those living in remote areas where there are little or no Internet facilities ¿ have been, however unintentionally, neglected. While universities implemented their own practices, processes and policies to reach, and teach, disadvantaged learners, they had to further adapt these strategies, re-aligning them to meet the unprecedented circumstances, and concomitant needs, of specially-abled learners ¿ and there is still much more to do. This book consolidates regional perspectives on how to work towards goals of inclusivity, and bridge the digital divide, looking into, and beyond, the conditions of the pandemic. Relevant to scholars and policymakers, this book is of interest to those focused on digitisation and the transition to the ¿new normal¿ in higher education.

Deep learning has achieved impressive results in image classification, computer vision and natural language processing. To achieve better performance, deeper and wider networks have been designed, which increase the demand for computational resources. The number of floating-point operations (FLOPs) has increased dramatically with larger networks, and this has become an obstacle for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) being developed for mobile and embedded devices. In this context, our book will focus on CNN compression and acceleration, which are important for the research community. We will describe numerous methods, including parameter quantization, network pruning, low-rank decomposition and knowledge distillation. More recently, to reduce the burden of handcrafted architecture design, neural architecture search (NAS) has been used to automatically build neural networks by searching over a vast architecture space. Our book will also introduce NAS due to its superiority and state-of-the-art performance in various applications, such as image classification and object detection. We also describe extensive applications of compressed deep models on image classification, speech recognition, object detection and tracking. These topics can help researchers better understand the usefulness and the potential of network compression on practical applications. Moreover, interested readers should have basic knowledge about machine learning and deep learning to better understand the methods described in this book.

The book provides an overview of prospective material simulants for hard tissues, such as knee joints, hip joint, and bones, and soft tissues, such as skin, muscles, and functional organs. These materials can repair, replace the functionality, or mimic the mechanical, structural, and biological properties of the parent tissue. This book discusses hard and soft human tissue simulating biomaterials under a single umbrella, covering a broad area of design and development of biomaterials, implants, and multi-functional materials along with their characterization. The progress in emerging biomaterials has increased manifold in the recent decades with the unprecedented focus on healthcare technologies. This book is dedicated to ground-breaking research in biomaterials and highlights the current trends and future roadmap of different materials for simulation of hard and soft tissues. Authored by prominent researchers around the globe, the chapters of this book emphasize recent advances in biomedical material simulation. This book brings together novel contributions to different aspects of hard and soft human tissue-based biomaterials, including recent advances and emerging developments in designing and developing simulants for tissue replacement alternatives. This book is anticipated to serve as a key reference textbook for research in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, biomaterials, biomechanics, and implant & medical device development with contributed chapters solicited in the areas of soft materials, such as elastomers, hydrogels, etc., for various applications; auxetic metamaterials; additive manufacturing of bio-implants; artificial tissues and organs; development of biomimetic materials; medical implants and biomedical device design; bioinspired and bio-tribological materials; advances in materials science for biomaterial applications; biomechanical characterization of hard and soft human tissues; bioprinting and nano-biomaterials.

The book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.

This concise book covers fundamental principles of colloidal self-assembly and overviews of basic and applied research in this field, with abundant illustrations and photographs. Experimental and computer simulation methods to study the colloidal self-assembly are demonstrated. Complementary videos "Visual Guide to Study Colloidal Self-Assembly" on the research procedures and assembly processes are available via SpringerLink to support learning.The book explains basic elements of mechanics and electromagnetism required to study the colloidal self-assembly, so that graduate students of chemistry and engineering courses can learn the contents on their own. It reviews important research topics, including the authors' works on the colloidal self-assembly of more than 30 years¿ work. The principal topics include: (1) crystallization of colloidal dispersions, with the emphasis on the role of surface charges, (2) fabrication of large and high-quality colloidal crystals by applyingcontrolled growth methods, (3) association and crystallization by depletion attraction in the presence of polymers, (4) clustering of colloidal particles, especially those in oppositely charged systems, and (5) two-dimensional colloidal crystals. Furthermore, it covers (6) applications of colloidal crystals, ranging from cosmetics to sensing materials. We also describe space experiments on colloidal self-assembly in the International Space Station.This book will interest graduate school students in colloid and polymer science, pharmaceutics, soft matter physics, material sciences, and chemical engineering courses. It will also be a useful guide for individuals in academia and industry undertaking research in this field.

This book discusses the latest research, theoretical, and experimental research innovations in drone data analytics in aerial computing. Drone data analytics guarantees that the right people have the correct data at their fingertips whenever they need it. The contents also discuss the challenges faced with drone data analytics, such as due to the high mobility of drones, aerial computing is significantly different from terrestrial computing. It also includes case studies from leading drone vendors. The book also focuses on the comparison of data management and security mechanisms in drone data analytics. This book is useful to those working in agriculture, mining, waste management, and defenses department.

This book comprises select proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Reliability and Safety (NCRS 2022). It provides comprehensive state-of-the-art research and development in diverse areas like reliability prediction, precursor event analysis, fuzzy reliability, structural reliability, passive system reliability, digital system reliability, risk informed approach to decision making, dynamic PSA, uncertainty and sensitivity modeling, among others. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in both academia and industry in the areas of complex systems, safety critical systems and risk-based engineering.

This book provides a comprehensive insight into the growth of nanotechnology in the agri-food industry. Currently, nanotechnology serves as the most promising means to resolve the issues encountered in the food sector, as it enables the production of high-quality food with exceptional characteristics such as extended shelf life, flavor, freshness, and high nutritional content. This book focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in various fields such as smart packaging, processing, and preservation of food. It also emphasizes the role of nanomaterials in strategic design of nutraceuticals and functional foods. Along with providing an overview of the innovations and application, this book also describes future perspectives, and offers insights to ensure consumer confidence in terms of safe use. In this context the application of nanomaterials as nanosensors is additional covered. The book provides readers with a deep knowledge regarding nanomaterials-based biosensors (colorimetric,electrochemical, fiber-based) for detection of pathogens in contaminated food. Factors affecting risk assessment regulations and safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials in food industry have also been discussed in detail. Given its scope, this book appeals to a wider readership, especially for researchers and students who work in food agronomy and nanomaterials and nanotechnology related fields.

This book contributes to growing literature on the role of business groups in the development of corporate sector and contains perspectives from the Indian economy. It brings together an array of well-researched papers that provide a comprehensive understanding of evolution and nature of the Indian business groups, as well as various aspects of their functioning. All chapters are primarily empirical, use appropriate quantitative techniques and are strongly grounded in relevant theories. This fine combination of data, techniques and theories is expected to provide the reader with in-depth understanding of the complex structures and behaviour of firms affiliated to business groups. Readers interested in the Indian corporate sector, especially Indian business groups, will find the book useful.

This book represents a significant step toward a new contribution in the process of developing the seismic vulnerability index. This is accomplished by releasing or reducing the role of the rapid visual screening that is created by the opinions and decisions of experts, which depend on observations made while investigating the vulnerability damages caused by earthquakes. Alternatively, the computational analytical technique is preferable since it can be effective in determining the seismic vulnerability index before the occurrence of an earthquake by modeling the most affected influencing parameters that regulate the building performance. In addition, the seismic vulnerability index is supported by the vulnerability curves, which describe the probability of damages and are used to estimate the economic damage grade for each building which is the topic of inquiry. In the end, this helps to establish a clear vision and sort of recommendations for engineers and specialists to follow inorder to take into consideration certain indices and factors before designing any specific structure. Because of this, the simplified work is utilized to manage and put into action measures that will protect against the effects of seismic events before an earthquake really occurs. In addition to this benefit, the work that has been done is of significant assistance to the authorities that are accountable for the restoration of the preexisting buildings and the cultural heritages.

This edited book support Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2): Zero Hunger. This book summarizes the contribution of genetic engineering for sustainable crop improvement toward global food and health security, climate resilience and economic growth. The book acts as a compendium of research reports on recent developments in the arena of cisgenics or transgenics or genome editing of crop plants for tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses, introgression of value-added traits, molecular pharming etc. Sustainable crop productivity, yield and nutrition are the major constrain for food and nutritional security for the human population especially, in developing countries where arable land per capita is shrinking while the human population is steadily increasing. Zero hunger and achieving food security is the top priority of the United Nations development goals. This book explains various methods of genetic transformation such as transgenic, cisgenic, and genome editing for crop improvement. It also encompasses the advantages of genetic engineering in plants and their scope for sustainable crop improvement. The importance, limitations, challenges, GM biosafety regulations, recent advancements and future prospects of GM crops are covered in various chapters. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, plant tissue culturists, GM crop experts, research scholars, academicians, plant breeders, policymakers etc. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists and policymakers will also find this to be a useful read.

This book emphasizes the important role of invertebrates in forensic sciences in the detection of crimes, determining the time and place of death, estimating the minimum Post-Mortem Interval (PMI), and determining the cause of death. The initial chapter discusses the forensically essential invertebrates, especially flies under Order Diptera. Further, the book highlights the importance, biology, taxonomy, and biodiversity of flies under Order Diptera with forensic importance. It also discusses the Cuticular HydroCarbons (CHC) and spectrometry-based studies reported from flies and larvae of forensic importance. It further reviews the importance of DNA barcoding in molecular taxonomy-based studies on forensic flies through understanding, identification, and grouping the organisms. Towards the end, this book presents the applications and limitations of forensic entomology in cases of animal cruelty to a veterinary professional.¿

Mycorrhiza in agroecosystem restoration is a groundbreaking book that sheds light on the critical role of mycorrhiza in restoring agroecosystems. This book comprehensively overviews the latest research findings, methodologies, and techniques for mycorrhizal management in agricultural systems. It serves as an essential guide for researchers, professionals, and students interested in understanding the importance of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration.The book covers a broad range of topics related to mycorrhizae, including the ecological and economic significance of mycorrhiza in agricultural systems, the diversity of mycorrhizal associations, the role of mycorrhizae in plant nutrition, and the application of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration. The book critically analyzes the current state of mycorrhizal research, highlighting the gaps and challenges in our understanding of mycorrhizae and their role in agroecosystem restoration.The authors ofthis book are leading experts in the field of mycorrhizal research, with extensive experience in studying mycorrhizae in agricultural systems. They bring their expertise and knowledge to this book, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the importance of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration.Mycorrhiza in agroecosystem restoration is a timely contribution to the field of mycorrhizal research. With the growing recognition of the importance of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and students interested in understanding the potential of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration.This book provides readers with a deep understanding of the mechanisms of mycorrhizal symbiosis and their impact on plant growth and development. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the impact of mycorrhizae on soil structure and fertility, the use of mycorrhizal inoculants in crop production, and the role of mycorrhizae in the restoration of degraded agroecosystems.¿Mycorrhiza in Agroecosystem Restoration¿ is a must-read for anyone interested in the potential of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. With its comprehensive coverage of the latest research findings and methodologies, this book is an essential guide for researchers, professionals, and students alike. The authors¿ expertise and knowledge make this book valuable for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of mycorrhizae and their role in agroecosystem restoration.

This contributed volume deals with the various aspects of freshwater microbiology including diverse habitats, associated microorganisms, their ecological interactions, and industrial applications. Freshwater ecosystems are dynamic natural resources, providing sources of potable water, food, animal habitats, and recreation. Perspectives of microbial dynamics in freshwater bodies, covered in this title, provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology in these ecosystems. These microbes are at the hub of biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other elements). Moreover, they are an integral part of the aquatic food web and control the quality of freshwater bodies. Chapters in this title also discuss the issue of pollution in freshwater bodies and put forward available strategies for eco-friendly solutions. The book is a perfect documentation of primary and secondary data-based information on the latest research findings, case studies, experiences, and innovations in the field of freshwater microbiology. The book is of great use to students, researchers, and professionals studying aquatic sciences.

This contributed volume focuses on the latest innovations in the field of marine microbiology. Marine ecosystems are dynamic natural resources and home to very primitive life forms. They include open sea, deep sea, coastal marine ecosystem mudflats, seagrass meadows, mangroves, and rocky intertidal systems. This book deals with the various aspects of marine microbiology including diverse habitats, associated microorganisms, their adaptations, ecological interactions, biogeochemical cycling, and industrial applications. It also discusses the issue of pollution in oceans and put forward available strategies for its eco-friendly solution. In recent years, extensive research, advanced methodologies, and high-throughput instrumentation have resulted in voluminous data and information that require proper compilation and worldwide sharing. From this perspective, the book is a perfect documentation of primary and secondary data-based information on the latest research findings, case studies, experiences, and innovations in the field of marine microbiology. The book is of great use to students, researchers and professionals studying marine sciences.

This book delves deeply into the substrate integrated suspended line antenna technologies and evaluates its potential to replace conventional three-dimensional (3D) metal-based antennas. Over the years, studies on substrate integrated suspended line antennas have captivated engineers and scientists from the antennas and related engineering fields, all aiming to achieve low-cost and low-loss characteristics. The book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, while emphasizing the importance of substrate integrated suspended line antennas in the wireless communication and radar systems. It is designed for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in antenna technology, researchers investigating substrate integrated technology, and antenna engineers working on low-cost and low-loss antennas and arrays.

This book discusses human reliability programs (HRPs) and their various elements, including safety and security case studies. The topics covered include significance and vulnerability aspects of human reliability and sustainable HRP, including case studies and lessons learned, methodologies used for human reliability analysis, and good practices of HRPs from various industries. Human reliability is widely used in fields requiring high standards of safety, such as the aviation, petroleum and chemical process, and nuclear industries. The book showcases contributions on the topic from experts in the field of technology, design, aviation, and nuclear industries. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in HRP to ensure safety and security in industries.

This book discusses computational methods related to biological models using mathematical tools and techniques. The book chapters concentrate on numerical and analytical techniques that provide a global solution for biological models while keeping long-term benefits in mind. The solutions are useful in closely understanding biological models, and the results will be very useful for mathematicians, engineers, doctors, scientists and researchers working on real-life biological models. This book provides significant and current knowledge of biological models related to real-life applications. The book covers both methods and applications.

This book provides detailed insights on the training and development for Pacific Island school leaders. It draws extensively on original empirical research that explores school leaders¿ perceptions of how leadership and management training impacted their professional practices, and how these practices in turn impacted the dynamics of school operations. This book addresses a critical need to understand how to support leadership development for all Pacific schools, but especially in schools that are faced with the increasing challenges of learning and teaching conditions. In small island developing states in the Pacific region, school leaders face a myriad of challenges due to limited human and material resources, and a fragile economic base. Written by Pacific Islander authors, this book provides insights from different countries in the Pacific Islands. It shows how contextual challenges can exert enormous pressure on school leaders who are leading and managing schools without any leadership preparation.Given the importance of effective leadership practices and its impact on student learning outcomes, this book aims to be a source of reference for practitioners and educational authorities who have a vested interest in the provision of quality education in the Pacific region and beyond.

According to the neoclassical growth theory and the endogenous growth theory, changes in the stock of capital and labor affect economic growth rates in the short run, and differences in human capital stocks are likely to affect total factor productivity directly and long-term economic growth rates indirectly. Therefore, human capital is a factor in the secular trends of regional economic gaps. In this study, the author examines the relationship between regional economic disparities and the country¿s human capital stocks and structure in China between 1990 and 2015, a period of economic transformation in the country. Available empirical evidence supports the argument that boosting investment toward and optimizing the spatial distribution of human capital can help mitigate regional economic disparity and facilitate balanced and coordinated economic development across the country.

This book focuses on the evaluation, coordination, and effects of Chinäs natural resource utilization. By adopting both quantitative and qualitative analyses, this book objectively evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics and coupling relationship of Chinäs natural resource utilization based on the status quo and prominent problems during resource utilization. Moreover, the environmental, economic, and price fluctuation effects of Chinäs natural resource utilization are discussed. Finally, current policy systems for efficient utilization of natural resources in China and abroad are provided, which suggest a way for China to achieve efficient utilization of natural resources through an appropriate policy mechanism.This book aims to seek the balance the utilization of natural resources and sustainable development in China. It puts forward a new paradigm of natural resource utilization by incorporating the efficiency evaluation, coordination measures, and effect mechanisms of different kinds of natural resources. The evaluation system and related research methods for the efficient utilization of natural resources are very mature, laying a foundation for the development of this book¿s content. As the conservation of natural resources is widely accepted, this book helps readers understand how to achieve efficient natural resource utilization in China. Meanwhile, the study of resource utilization in China can provide insights for other countries.