Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Switzerland

Reaction to breakdowns is more expensive, by many orders of magnitude, than prevention. This again became clear during the COVID-19 pandemic and is evinced in the sustainability crisis. The dynamics of living matter transcends deterministic reaction. Embodied in machines, determinism empowered the human being, providing the path to prosperity. However, in conjunction with reductionism, it does away with complexity, in which life is couched.The living is by necessity anticipatory. Awareness of the future means preserving life not in reaction to, but in anticipation of change. Living entities, from the simplest bacteria, to plants and insects, to human beings, are adaptive, goal-oriented, and capable of self-healing. Anticipatory actions are expressed through non-deterministic processes that unfold in concert with reactions. They engage the wholeness of life, including its interactions with the environment. Awareness of consequences, together with memory of the past, informs actions that reflect the creative nature of human beings. Redefining science¿and implicitly, medicine¿is not a negation of its past, but rather an affirmation of trust in explaining life¿s capacity to renew itself. As opposed to increasingly expensive medicine as a practice of repair, to prevent and to heal is to make life sustainable. The moment of truth can no longer be postponed. At stake is the future of humankind and even of life on planet Earth. Reductionist determinism informs the obsession with progress at any cost. Awareness of the fact that the human condition transcends that of the matter in which it is embodied explains, and indeed justifies, the call to Disrupt Science in its current state. The age of the digital machine, in particular of artificial intelligence, is one of opportunities that pale when compared to its inherent risks. The record of breakdowns (including so-called natural disasters), by now global in scale, is part of the empirical premise for the call for completing the Cartesian Revolution. A ¿Second Revolution in Science¿ could unleash humanity¿s remaking, free of surrendering to want. Science has the opportunity not only to measure everything¿life included¿and accumulate data and process it for its own sake, but also to realize its meaning. The future matters. Baruch Gorkin is celebrated internationally for exquisite typefaces and for books reflecting meaning-driven design.

This book investigates how culture and economics define novel forms of cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitan fiction. Tracing cosmopolitanism¿s transition from universalism to vernacularism, the book opens up new avenues for reading cosmopolitan fiction by offering a precise and convenient set of terminology. The figure of the cosmoflâneur identifies a contemporary cosmopolitan character¿s urban mobility and wandering consciousness in interaction with the global and the local. Posthuman cosmopolitanism also extends the meaning of cosmopolitan which comes to embrace the nonhuman alongside the human element. Defining narrative glocality, political hyper-awareness, and narrative immediacy, the book thoroughly explores how cosmopolitan narration forges direct responses to the contemporary world in postmillennial cosmopolitan novels. All of these concepts are elaborated in Ian McEwan¿s Saturday (2005), Zadie Smith¿s NW (2012), Salman Rushdie¿s The Golden House (2017), and Kazuo Ishigurös Klara and the Sun (2021), to which world-engagement is central.

This book focuses on the rise of Kurdish nationalism in northwestern Iran in the context of the emergence of the Kurdish leader, Ismail Agha Simko, who organized a movement to establish a Kurdish state between 1918 and 1922 The rise of Simko is analyzed in the historical framework of the collapse of the Russian and Ottoman empires, as well as the disappearance of Iranian governmental authority in various provinces of the country during and after the end of the First World War. The book also investigates the impact of Iranian, Turkish, and Assyrian nationalisms on Simko and his movement. Drawing upon original documents, the author provides an in-depth analysis of the political, and socio-economic causes for the rise of proto-Kurdish nationalism in northwestern Iran during and after the Great War.

This thesis makes significant advances in the use of microspheres in optical traps as highly precise sensing platforms. While optically trapped microspheres have recently proven their dominance in aqueous and vacuum environments, achieving state-of-the-art measurements of miniscule forces and torques, their sensitivity to perturbations in air has remained relatively unexplored. This thesis shows that, by uniquely operating in air and measuring its thermally-fluctuating instantaneous velocity, an optically trapped microsphere is an ultra-sensitive probe of both mass and sound. The mass of the microsphere is determined with similar accuracy to competitive methods but in a fraction of the measurement time and all while maintaining thermal equilibrium, unlike alternative methods. As an acoustic transducer, the air-based microsphere is uniquely sensitive to the velocity of sound, as opposed to the pressure measured by a traditional microphone. By comparison to state-of-the-art commercially-available velocity and pressure sensors, including the world¿s smallest measurement microphone, the microsphere sensing modality is shown to be both accurate and to have superior sensitivity at high frequencies. Applications for such high-frequency acoustic sensing include dosage monitoring in proton therapy for cancer and event discrimination in bubble chamber searches for dark matter. In addition to reporting these scientific results, the thesis is pedagogically organized to present the relevant history, theory, and technology in a straightforward way.

This book analyses discourses of the use of motivation theories in schools globally. It focuses on the overall impact of motivation theories on teachers, students¿ engagement, well-being, academic excellence, standards, equity and global competitiveness. It examines the role of motivation theories impacting on teachers and students in the classroom, and the overall impact of cognitive, social cognitive, affective and psycho-motor domains, used to motivate students to improve their performance in the classroom.The book analyses such topics as Behaviourism, a major motivation model to improve performance in schools, cognitive theories for creating engaging learning environments, including achievement motivation, Social cognitive theories for improving engagement and motivation, social constructivism to improve students¿ motivation and academic achievement, humanistic approaches for creating effective motivational environments, the use of discourse analysis in understanding motivation, and dominant values used in motivation in inclusive schools. This book contributes in a very scholarly way, to a more holistic understanding of the nexus between globalisation, dominant models of motivation, and students¿ engaging learning environments, and their academic achievement.

This book addresses the question of whether or not behavioural differences between children can be most appropriately characterised by dimensions of psychological problems or by categorical diagnoses. It describes the concepts and methods that have been developed and applied within developmental psychopathology using this dimensional approach. The book reviews evidence on the interplay between genes and the environment in influencing internalising problems, externalising problems, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and on the hierarchical factor structure underlying these behavioural dimensions. It provides an appraisal of the state of knowledge on the longer-term sequelae of these problems and on the efficacy of treatments that have been developed for them.Key areas of coverage include:Multivariate data analytic methods for investigating behavioural differences (e.g., path analysis, cluster analysis, structural equation modelling, network analysis) and their associated theoretical frameworks (e.g., hierarchical factor models).Methods to investigate the biology of behavioural differences (e.g., quantitative and molecular genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging).The design of research studies that can test most directly for causality (i.e., randomised controlled trials) and others that can estimate plausible causal relationships from associations and correlations.Reviews of studies that have applied these methods to understand the developmental course of internalising and externalising behaviours and the neurodevelopmental problems of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Developmental Psychopathology is an essential reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other professionals in developmental psychology, clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescentpsychiatry, paediatrics, clinical social work, public health, educational psychology, and all related disciplines.

The book discusses recent developments in philosophy with regards to how historical events can be explained causally and introduces perspectives from the philosophy of science into the philosophy of history. The book covers the main approaches to causal explanation in history and makes clear the main issues and concepts that are associated with such explanations. For example, the book discusses historical contingency and narratives, among other issues. The book is directed to philosophers of science, philosophers of history, historians, historically oriented social scientists, and everyone who is interested in how we make sense of the past.

This is the first book to present the beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide in the treatment of various kidney pathologies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas with a distinctive smell of rotten eggs, was known for over three centuries for its toxicity and death at high concentrations especially among agricultural and industrial workers. This is due to its ability to reversibly antagonize complex IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, studies over the past two decades have shown that H2S has risen above its historic notorious label and has received significant experimental attention as an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and influences a myriad of physiological and pathological processes at low concentrations. Its production is enzymatically regulated and has specific molecular targets. Several recent in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that at low micromolar concentrations, H2S exhibits important therapeutic characteristics that target multiple molecular pathways and thereby preventing the development and progression of several pathologies.This beneficial effect of H2S suggests that it may meet the demand for alternative and/or additional therapeutic agents against various renal pathologies in which reduced levels of renal and plasma H2S were observed. Interestingly, while the distribution of H2S-producing enzymes is tissue-specific, they are abundantly expressed in the glomeruli and in the brush border and cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the renal tubules and in the peritubular capillaries. This makes the kidney a rich source of endogenous H2S production. From pre-clinical and clinical perspectives, this book is topical and timely, and seeks to lay the foundation for future clinical applications of H2S in nephrology.

Small States theory supports the argument that small international actors have a vital role in the international system. After 9/11, it emerged as a more focused attempt to show that 'small' can be 'attractive and functional' in an era of normative political and religious radicalism. This book argues that Small States Theory is not relevant to the perplexities of the post-multipolar international system and produces a new theory, the Smart States Theory. Based on structural and neoclassical realism, it attempts to identify the origins of 'state-smartness' in foreign policy, leadership, and domestic politics. The United Arab Emirates will be used as the case study of this novel theoretical approach. The impressive evolution of the Trucial States to a modern nation-state of high technology, dynamic foreign policy as the recent pandemic fully showed, unique leadership, and unparalleled tolerance towards other religions and cultures, make the UAE a brilliant example of a smart state of the 21st century. The reader of the book will be introduced to a new theory in International Relations as well as to the history, politics, society, and leadership of a state that plays a pivotal role not only in the Gulf region but in the broader framework of the Middle East too; the United Arab Emirates.

In light of the Covid 19 pandemic and its impact on healthcare systems, this book examines health care innovations and service management models and discusses significant reforms and organizational and managerial changes in the healthcare systems of countries in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. It features contributions that shed new light on the impact of the pandemic on healthcare organizations and the lessons that can be drawn from this crisis for management practice.The book covers topics such as best practices in healthcare delivery, healthcare management, process and product innovation, digitization and information technologies, healthcare governance, collaborative healthcare experiences and networks, healthcare financing, and healthcare policy reform. It is aimed at scholars and practitioners in healthcare, as well as anyone interested in innovation in healthcare services and management.

This book covers the diverse and cutting-edge research presented at the 13th ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large Eddy Simulation. The first section of the book focuses on Aerodynamics/Aeroacoustics, comprising eight papers that delve into the intricate relationship between fluid flow and aerodynamic performance. The second section explores the dynamics of Bluff/Moving Bodies through four insightful papers. Bubbly Flows, the subject of the third section, is examined through four papers. Moving on, the fourth section is dedicated to Combustion and Reactive Flows, presenting two papers that focus on the complex dynamics of combustion processes and the interactions between fluids and reactive species. Convection and Heat/Mass Transfer are the central themes of the fifth section, which includes three papers. These contributions explore the fundamental aspects of heat and mass transfer in fluid flows, addressing topics such as convective heat transfer, natural convection, and mass transport phenomena. The sixth section covers Data Assimilation and Uncertainty Quantification, featuring two papers that highlight the importance of incorporating data into fluid dynamic models and quantifying uncertainties associated with these models. The subsequent sections encompass a wide range of topics, including Environmental and Industrial Applications, Flow Separation, LES Fundamentals and Modelling, Multiphase Flows, and Numerics and Methodology. These sections collectively present a total of 23 papers that explore different facets of fluid dynamics, contributing to the advancement of the field and its practical applications.

This book analyses the concept of disease, as defined in the context of evolutionary medicine. Upon introducing the reader to evolutionary medicine in its current form and describing its approach to disease instances, the book leverages thoughts and instruments of knowledge of epistemology, social sciences, and ethics to answer the question: ¿How can we build a timely and appropriate concept of disease?¿ At first, it looks at the social concerns of medicalization, for example focusing on the suffering of people who have not been diagnosed, or whose suffering is not caused by certain elements that falls under the definitions of disease. In turn, it merges different, both conceptual and empirical considerations in one comprehensive analysis, with the aim of fostering a multidisciplinary understanding of the phenomenon of disease. This book also highlights certain kinds of epistemic injustices that are taking place in the healthcare system, as this is currently conceived in post-industrial societies, thus offering a timely contribution to the current debate around social justice in healthcare.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 17th Colombian Conference on Computing on Advances in Computing, CCC 2023, held in Medellin, Colombia, during August 10¿11, 2023.The 22 full papers and 11 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Industrial Applications - Industry 4.0 - Precision Agriculture, Artificial Intelligence, Distributed systems and large-scale computing, Computational Statistics, Digital Learning - E-learning, Software Engineering, Human Machine Interaction, Image processing and Computer Vision, Robotics in Industry 4.0 and Scientific Applications.

Astronomy is a field concerned with matters very distant from Earth. Most phenomena, whether observed or theorized, transcend human spaces and timescales by orders of magnitude. Yet, many scientists have been interested not just in the events that have occurred millennia before Earth's inception, but also in their very own society here and now.Since the first half of the twentieth century, an increasing number of them have pursued parallel careers as both academics and activists. Besides publishing peer-reviewed papers, they have promoted a great variety of underrepresented groups within their discipline. Through conferences, newsletters and social media, they have sought to advance the interests of women, members of racial and ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+, and disabled people. While these activists have differed in the identities they focus on, they have come to share a conviction that diversity and inclusion are crucial for scientific excellence as well as social justice.In this book, you will read of the biographies and institutional contexts of key agents in the diversification of modern astronomy. As most are recent figures whose discoveries have not been commemorated by Nobel Prizes, they are relatively unknown among historians of science. They have, however, been central to discussions about who has privileged access to the tools of astronomical inquiry, including powerful telescopes and extensive databases. As such, they have also significantly shaped views of our universe.

This book covers vibroacoustic monitoring, inertial attitude systems, and control system for device processing in complex objects. Modern approaches to the synthesis of algorithmic support for a strapdown inertial attitude system are considered. The general characteristics of navigation systems and the composition of their inertial measurement unit are given. The methods of initial alignment of the system on a stationary base are described. Particular attention is paid to the attitude kinematic parameters of the body frame and methods of their numerical integration. Picard's methods for integrating the Bortz and Poisson kinematic equations are shown. An algorithm for a strapdown inertial attitude system based on using real signals of high-precision laser gyroscopes is proposed. System simulation was carried out using the proposed algorithmic methods.The relevance of the control system created for the processing device parts in the conditions of automated manufacturing is substantiated. Theoretical studies are presented, and the relation between electrical signals, the level of tool wear, and the main reasons for generating electrical signals are identified. A mathematical model of cutting tool wear control was developed based on measuring the variable component of cutting electromotive force. A control system for processing device parts on computer numerical control machines in automated production conditions has been developed. It allows for recording critical wear and breakage of the cutting tool, performing its dimensional adjustment directly on the device, and carrying out its industrial approval in flexible production systems.

This book provides a comprehensive yet informal introduction to differentiating and integrating real functions with one variable. It also covers basic first-order differential equations and introduces higher-dimensional differentiation and integration. The focus is on significant theoretical proofs, accompanied by illustrative examples for clarity. A comprehensive bibliography aids deeper understanding. The concept of a function's differential is a central theme, relating to the "differential" within integrals. The discussion of indefinite integrals (collections of antiderivatives) precedes definite integrals, naturally connecting the two. The Appendix offers essential math formulas, exercise properties, and an in-depth exploration of continuity and differentiability. Select exercise solutions are provided. This book suits short introductory math courses for novice physics/engineering students. It equips them with vital differentialand integral calculus tools for real-world applications. It is also useful for first-year undergraduates, reinforcing advanced calculus foundations for better Physics comprehension.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, IDEAL 2023, held in Évora, Portugal, during November 22¿24, 2023.The 45 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. IDEAL 2023 is focusing on big data challenges, machine learning, deep learning, data mining, information retrieval and management, bio-/neuro-informatics, bio-inspired models, agents and hybrid intelligent systems, and real-world applications of intelligence techniques and AI.The papers are organized in the following topical sections: main track; special session on federated learning and (pre) aggregation in machine learning; special session on intelligent techniques for real-world applications of renewable energy and green transport; and special session on data selection in machine learning.

The LNCS volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of 10th International Conference, PReMI 2023, in Kolkata, India, in December 2023. The 91 full papers, presented together with abstracts of 6 keynote and invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 300 submissions. The conference presents topics covering different aspects of pattern recognition and machine intelligence with real life state-of-the-art applications.

This book discusses the differences between a human weapon system and a tactical athlete and what a human optimization program is. Furthermore, this book discusses and demonstrates how to put together a training program at an organizational level for the human weapon system. A systematic approach is presented and discussed, from initial analysis of the human weapon system to creating a multi-domain human performance optimization program. This book strives to familiarize the reader with the systematic approach that the author has utilized as an exercise physiologist in the Department of Defence over the past ten years.This book also explains how to utilize technology to individualize the human performance optimization program at an organizational level. The book discusses current technologies in power generation, measuring endurance, and nutrition, and also demonstrates to strength coaches and practitioners how to use these technologies and individualize optimization.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Blockchain and Applications 2023, BLOCKCHAIN¿23, held in Guimarães, Portugal, in July 2023. Among the scientific community, blockchain and artificial intelligence are a promising combination that will transform the production and manufacturing industry, media, finance, insurance, e-government, etc. Nevertheless, there is no consensus with schemes or best practices that would specify how blockchain and artificial intelligence should be used together. The full papers presented in the main track were carefully reviewed. They contain the latest advances on blockchain and artificial intelligence and on their application domains, exploring innovative ideas, guidelines, theories, models, technologies, and tools and identifying critical issues and challenges that researchers and practitioners must deal with in the future research. The authors would like to thank all the contributing authors, the members of the Program Committees, the sponsors, and the Organizing Committee of the University of Minho and the University of Salamanca for their hard and highly valuable work.

Embark on a journey that transcends the boundaries of art and technology in the groundbreaking realm of Creative Convergence: The AI Renaissance in Art and Design. This isn't just another book on art and technology- it's a journey that sparks curiosity, fuels innovation, and challenges traditional artistic boundaries. Discover the power of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) as it melds with human expression, propelling artistry into uncharted territories and redefining traditional notions of both originality and creativity. The text is not just about art or AI; it is about the fusion of both, catalyzing a creative revolution that challenges previous assumptions about human-machine collaboration and how ideation, conceptualization, process and execution are radically rethought. Have you ever wondered how/will AI revolutionize training, education and execution in art and design? Delve into this captivating treatment that contextualizes the disruptions we are experiencing today in the technological innovations and artistic responses and integrations of the past five hundred years. Human creativity has always struggled against technological advance, but ultimately integrated and redefined what "art" is in each era. As such, you will see how AI can be incorporated in various artistic disciplines in this study. Explore real-world case studies that showcase AI's practical impact on 3D design, drawing, digital art, and even web design. The book also addresses the controversial question: Can AI be a co-creator in the creative and artistic process, even assisting in creating an original, signature style? Brace yourself for revelations that will challenge your perceptions of traditional artistry.

This book explains ¿what goes on in a manufacturing company as a product goes through its lifecycle¿. It describes more than 70 product-related activities that take place during the product lifecycle phases of ideation, development, production, service, and recycling. The various documents, data, working methods, and computer programs used in each activity are outlined. The book tells the story of a project carried out by a Master¿s degree student in a manufacturing company to find out for the CEO exactly what happens with products across their lifecycle. Due to the storytelling approach of the book, the reader will learn, as if they are present in the company, about the activities that take place along the product lifecycle. They will see how the company is organized, what data and documents are created and used in each activity, and which applications are being used. They will see, from the interviews carried out by the student, what people are doing, the difficulties they face, and the improvement opportunities they see. This will give them a good understanding of the various activities that take place, and provide a basis for improving performance and implementing new processes and applications.

This book aims to provide an advanced R software approach that can carry out rainfall trend analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen¿s slope estimator tests. The research study follows a systematic approach while utilizing R software as it can greatly facilitate the analysis of rainfall trends.About 30 stations located in the study area and 41 to 50 years¿ time series were selected for the purpose of analysis. The data for the research was collected from the State Water Data Centre (SWDC) in Gujarat, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) in Pune, DAAC (NASA), and ESRI. Cluster analysis has been performed to analyze the variability of the mean rainfall. The stations have been divided into 2 clusters with 17 and 13 stations in each cluster which significantly differ from each other.This book is aimed at researchers, scientists and government organizations working in the field of climate change.

This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students specializing in optical engineering and optical sciences. Comprising three distinct parts, it addresses fundamental aspects and practical applications of modulated apertures in microscopy. The first part delves into the fabrication of modulated apertures and the computation of impulse responses or point spread functions (PSFs). It offers essential insights into the foundational concepts of modulated aperture design. The second part focuses on the utilization of modulated apertures in speckle imaging, elucidating their significance and relevance in this context. This section provides a comprehensive understanding of the practical applications of modulated apertures in image formation. The third and final part explores the application of modulated apertures within the framework of a confocal scanning laser microscope. The objective here is to enhance microscope resolution and image contrast, contributing tothe advancement of microscopy techniques. This book offers a concise and objective exploration of modulated apertures' fabrication, applications, and their potential to enhance microscopy. This book is a valuable reference for students and researchers seeking to deepen their knowledge in this specialized field.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, ACIVS 2023, held in Kumamoto, Japan, during August 2023. The 31 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 48 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Computer Vision, Affective Computing and Human Interactions, Managing the Biodiversity, Robotics and Drones, Machine Learning.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Multidisciplinary International Symposium on Disinformation in Open Online Media, MISDOOM 2023, which was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, during November 21¿22, 2023.The 13 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The papers focus on misinformation, disinformation, hate speech, disinformation campaigns, social network analysis, large language models, generative AI, and multi-modal embeddings.

This volume LNCS 14300 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference, IFM 2023, in November 2023, held in Leiden, The Netherlands. The 16 full papers presented together with 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The conference focuses on all aspects of the design of integrated techniques, including language design, verification and validation, automated tool support, and the use of such techniques in software engineering practice.

This book describes how statements made by non-state actors affect the scope of an individual's criminal responsibility and how they should be taken into account by domestic criminal courts. Sentencing is only possible on the basis and within the limits of the law. In the 21st century, this law increasingly means regulations formulated by various non-state actors: international organisations, human rights tribunals or statutory bodies. The content of these regulations does not only refer to states, but often has a direct impact on the legal situation of individuals. Two worlds collide here. Strict criminal law is influenced by fluid regulations issued by entities that have not been empowered to exercise the right to punish. The book presents an interpretative method to support the court's inference in the cases outlined above, based on the using the concept of two interrelated norms: the norm of the individual and the norm of the court.

"Natural Resources and Society: Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Humans and the Environment" is a study of the dynamic interplay between humans and the natural world. The book explores the complex relationship between human societies and the environment, examining how human actions can both impact and be influenced by natural resources.The book covers a broad range of topics, including the history of human resource use, the role of natural resources in economic development, and the environmental impacts of resource extraction and consumption. It also considers the social and cultural factors that shape human interactions with the natural world, and the challenges of sustainable resource management. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between humans and the environment, emphasizing the importance of understanding this relationship in order to develop more sustainable and equitable societies.