Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Netherlands

Volume 1: General Introduction to Molecular Sciences Volume 2: Physical Aspects of Molecular Systems Volume 3: Electronic Structure and Chemical Reactivity Volume 4: Molecular Phenomena in Biological Sciences

The Watt Committee on Energy became active in of the effects on buildings, for instance. Proposals the study of Acid Rain during 1982. Perhaps the for action should therefore concentrate on measures only aspect of the subject that has become more that promise a real improvement as a result of certain during the subsequent five years is that the expenditure. expression 'Acid Rain' is used loosely in public The Watt Committee's study of this subject has been in two phases. The first dealt with the nature debate for a complex of industrial and environ- mental phenomena. Among these, Acid Rain in the of the problem, and culminated in the publication straightforward meaning of the words-rain and of Watt Committee Report No. 14 in 1984. That perhaps snow having a significantly high level of Report was divided into four sections, each of acidity-is of only limited importance. To represent which was prepared by a sub-group of the working this perspective, therefore, the Watt Committee Ex- group: they dealt respectively with the fate of air- borne pollution, vegetation and soils, fresh water ecutive decided that the study leading to the present Report should be entitled 'Air Pollution, Acid Rain and remedial strategy. In the second phase, these and the Environment'. sub-groups have brought their sections up-to-date The Watt Committee's interest in Acid Rain and a fifth sub-group was appointed to study arises from the fact that, among its causes, the buildings and non-living materials.

'Et moi ¿.... si j'avait su comment en revenir. One service mathematics has rendered the human race. It has put common sense back je n'y serais point aUe.' it belongs. on the topmost shelf next Jules Verne where to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non· The series is divergent: therefore we may be sense'. Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. o. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non­ linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com­ puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

To our knowledge, this is the first book dealing exclusively with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography (MC-2DE), a new and exciting diagnostic methodology for assessment of myocardial perfusion, which has seen rapid development and has now entered the clinical stage. The experi- mental research and human applications have been described in technical papers published in a variety of journals, but our objective is to provide the reader with a comprehensive and concentrated overview of the field and of the current state of the art. To facilitate appreciation of the significant ad- vances made and issues yet to be resolved, we are pleased to have several well known specialists contribute their own assessment of specific aspects of MC- 20E and illustrate the method's principles as well as applications. We were faced with inevitable overlaps and some repetitions in the discussion of quan- titative potentials or limilations of the methodology. Rather than strictly 'streamlining' the text, we decided to accept some redundancy in the interest of presenting a diversity of points of views, reflecting the current evolutionary state of MC-20E. Following a brief reference to the established clinical contrast echocardiog- raphy, recent developments and validations of the specialized MC-2DE tech- nique are reviewed, bearing in mind that the field is in a flux and some of the ongoing activities have not as yet been formally reported. Mechanisms of the echo contrast and several new agents are decribed next, and an additional chapter illustrates current thoughts-on optimizing the echo contrast medium.

One hundred years ago, in September 1888, Professor Lewis Mills Norton (1855-1893) of the Chemistry Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology introduced to the curriculum a course on industrial chemical practice. This was the first structured course in chemical engineer- ing taught in a University. Ten years later, Norton's successor Frank H. Thorpe published the first textbook in chemical engineering, entitled "e;Outlines of Industrial Chemistry."e; Over the years, chemical engineering developed from a simple industrial chemical analysis of processes into a mature field. The volume presented here includes most of the commissioned and contributed papers presented at the American Chemical Society Symposium celebrating the centenary of chemical engineering. The contributions are presented in a logical way, starting first with the history of chemical engineering, followed by analyses of various fields of chemical engineering and concluding with the history of various U.S. and European Departments of Chemical Engineering. I wish to thank the authors of the contributions/chapters of this volume for their enthusiastic response to my idea of publishing this volume and Dr. Gianni Astarita of the University of Naples, Italy, for his encouragement during the initial stages of this project.