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Forest vegetation is distributed in monsoon Asia continuously from boreal forests through temperate to tropical rain forests. This vegetation - the richest in the world - is being subjected to global change on an unprecedented scale. It has been predicted that boreal forests will experience the most significant change in response to global warming, while tropical forests are endangered by rapid changes in land use due to high population pressure. An increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration will severely affect ecosystem function in this area. This volume presents a review of terrestrial ecosystems in monsoon Asia and assesses possible effects of global change on the structure and function of forest ecosystems and feedback routes to the global carbon cycle. Audience: Vital reading for plant ecologists, vegetation scientists, environmental managers and government decision makers.

An up-to-date presentation of the progress and current problems in the early universe, cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure formation, and the interplay between them. The emphasis is on the mutual impact of fundamental physics and cosmology, both at theoretical and experimental (observational) levels within a deep, well- focused and well-defined programme. The nature of the domain itself leads to different aspects, approaches and points of view on the same topic. Special care has been taken to provide the reader the basis of the different, sometimes competing lines of research. All contributions are uniformly excellent, with a careful selection of the subjects and approaches covered, presenting a unifying and rigorous view of the field. Audience: experimentalists and theoreticians from a variety of backgrounds: physics, astrophysics and astronomy. An excellent reference for post-doctoral scientists. Useful for senior scientists and advanced graduate students.

The holding of the 8th Jerusalem Symposium was saddened by the sudden death of Professor Ernst D. Bergmann at the very eve of this meeting. With him disappeared one of the leading world scientists in the field of physical chemistry and biochemistry. His innumerable friends and admirers over the whole world mourn him profoundly. All those who knew him personally and among them the participants in the previous Jerusalem Symposia will remember for ever the exceptional qualities of the scientist and the unusual human warmth of the man. With Ernst D. Bergmann the state of Israel lost one of the founders of its Science and one of its most brilliant and renowned representatives. The spirit which he suc- ceeded to inoculate into his numerous disciples and pupils will, however, continue to perpetuate his name and his work. The Jerusalem Symposia will continue as a living testimony to his brilliant inspiration. Before dying, Professor Bergmann has prepared a few opening remarks for the 8th Jerusalem Symposium. They are reproduced here. BERNARD PULLMAN OPENING WORDS Prepared by the Late Professor Ernst David Bergmann It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all on behalf of the President and the Rector of the Hebrew University which is co-sponsoring this meeting, and of the President and Council of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities which for the eighth time has put its premises at our disposal.

Fibre metal laminates were developed at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands, from the beginning of the 1980s. This is a new family of hybrid materials consisting of thin metal layers bonded together by fibres embedded in an adhesive. As a result of this build-up, fibre metal laminates possess a mixture of the characteristics of both metals and composite materials. Initial development led to the `Arall' variant using aramid fibres, which was first applied on the C-17 military transport aircraft around 1990. Large-scale application became possible with a variant using glass fibres, dubbed `Glare', which was selected for the Airbus A380 super jumbo in 2001. This is the first book to discuss these new materials and it deals mostly with Glare. It covers most of the relevant aspects of the materials, from static mechanical properties, fatigue and impact to design, production and maintenance of aircraft structures. This book contains the basic information on these new materials necessary for engineers and aircraft operators alike.

Recent developments in supersymmetric field theory, string theory, and brane theory have been revolutionary. The main focus of the present volume is developments of M-theory and its applications to superstring theory, quantum gravity, and the theory of elementary particles. Topics included are D-branes, boundary states, and world volume solitons. Anti-De-Sitter quantum field theory is explained, emphasising the way it can enforce the holography principle, together with the relation to black hole physics and the way Branes provide the microscopic interpretation for the entropy of black holes. Developments in D-branes within type-I superstring and related theories are described. There are also possible phenomenological implications of superstring theory that would lie within the range of quantum gravity effects in the future generation of accelerators, around 1 TeV.

th This volume gathers together the technical papers presented at the 8 European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW), held in Helsinki Finland. ECSCW is an international forum for multidisciplinary research covering the technical, empirical, and theoretical aspects of collaboration and computer systems. The 20 papers presented here have been selected via a rigorous reviewing process from 110 submissions. Both the number of submissions and the quality of the selected papers are testimony to the diversity and energy of the CSCW community. We trust that you will find the papers interesting and that they will serve to stimulate further quality work within the community. The technical papers are complemented by a wider set of activities at ECSCW 2003, including tutorials, workshops, demonstrations, videos, posters and a doctoral colloquium. Together these provide rich opportunities for discussion, learning and exploration of the more recent and novel issues in the field. This conference could not have taken place without considerable enthusiasm, support and participation, not to mention the hard work of a number of people. In particular, we would like to thank the following: * The authors, representing over 17 countries and 97 institutions, who submitted a paper. So many submissions of such high quality are the basis of a good conference. * The members of the program committee who so diligently reviewed and discussed papers. Their collective decisions result in a good scientific program and their feedback to authors strengthens the work of the community.

Proceedings of a Conference on Rutland Water, held in Leicester, 1-3 April 1981

The thrust here is for those who want to know more than the answer to an exam question - an approach to disease diagnosis and treatment which emphasizes thoughtful consideration of alternatives, finding ones way through uncertainties and lack of knowledge. The annual seminar on which this volume is based has evolved into a forum for open discussion of puzzling questions - actually old questions in the light of new data. To me, the adventure of life is in recognizing the openendedness of all things. So you thought that a certain disease was a settled question? In medicine a "e;settled"e; question is a transient conclusion. Even the solutions to the so-called simplest problems have another side. Our aim this year was to air out concepts and conclusions about hypertension, fluid-electrolytes, and tubulopathies. The stars were Drs. Juan Rodriguez-Soriano, Alan Gruskin, and Donald Potter, along with Drs. Gustavo Gordillo, Ronald Kallen, and Antonia Novello as guest faculty. Local stars included Drs. Mary Jane Jesse, Jacques Bourgoignie, and Carlos Vaamonde. Their contributions added to those of the other faculty and registrants, coalesced into vibrant exchanges which are reproduced here for the reader's perusal.

This volume contains the text of the lectures which were given at the Differential Geometry Meeting held at Liege in 1980 and at the Differential Geometry Meeting held at Leuven in 1981. The first of these meetings was more orientated toward mathematical physics; the second has a stronger flavour of analysis. The Editors are pleased to thank the lectures who contributed scientifically to these two meetings. They are also grateful to Professor M. F1ato who has encouraged publication of these contributions in the Mathematical Physics Studies Series. We also thank the F.N.R.S. who supported financially the Contact group in differential geometry. The Universite de Liege and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven which have given us a warm hospitality have contributed to the success of these meetings. We express our gratitude. The Editors. M. Caken et al. (6ds.), Differential Geametry and Mathematical Physics, vii. vii Copyright e 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. Lectures given at the Meeting of the Belgian Contact Group on Differential Geometry held at Liege, May 2-3,1980 SIMULTANEOUS DEFORMATIONS OF A LIE ALGEBRA AND ITS MODULES D. Arnal University of Dijon INTRODUCTION We expose here some results which are obtained by a team at the University of Dijon. This team included Jean-Claude Cortet, Georges Pinczon and myself.

Approach your problems from It isn't that they can't see the right end and begin with the solution. It is that they the answers. Then one day, can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the G.K. Chesterton. The Scandal of final question. Father Brown 'The Point of a Pin' . 'The Hermit Clad ~n Crane Feathers' in R. van Gulik's The Chinese Haze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "e;tree"e; of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathe- matics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) ~n re- gional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical pro- gramming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are rele- vant to filtering; and prediction and electrical en~ineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "e;completely integrable systems"e;, "e;chaos, synergetics and large-scale order"e;, which are almost impossible to fit into the existinf, classifi~ation schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.

This NATO Advanced Research Workshop was devoted to the pre- sentation, evaluation, and critical discussion of numerical methods in nonrelativistic and relativistic hydrodynamics, radia- tive transfer, and radiation-coupled hydrodynamics. The unifying theme of the lectures was the successful application of these methods to challenging problems in astrophysics. The workshop was subdivided into 3 somewhat independent topics, each with their own subtheme. Under the heading radiation hydrodynamics were brought together context, theory, methodology, and application of radia- tive transfer and radiation hydrodynamics in astrophysics. The intimate coupling between astronomy and radiation physics was underscored by examples from past and present research. Frame-dependence of both the equation of transfer (plus moments) and the underlying radiation quantities was discussed and clarified. Limiting regimes in radiation-coupled flow were identified and described; the dynamic diffusion regime received special emphasis. Numerical methods for continuum and line transfer equations in a given background were presented. Two examples of methods for computing dynamically coupled radia- tion/matter fields were given. In l-d and assuming LTE the complete equations of radiation hydrodynamics can be solved with current computers. Such is not the case in 2- or 3-d, which were identified as target areas for research. The use of flux-limiters was vigorously discussed in this connection, and enlivened the meeting.

Problems in decision making and in other areas such as pattern recogni- tion, control, structural engineering etc. involve numerous aspects of uncertainty. Additional vagueness is introduced as models become more complex but not necessarily more meaningful by the added details. During the last two decades one has become more and more aware of the fact that not all this uncertainty is of stochastic (random) cha- racter and that, therefore, it can not be modelled appropriately by probability theory. This becomes the more obvious the more we want to represent formally human knowledge. As far as uncertain data are concerned, we have neither instru- ments nor reasoning at our disposal as well defined and unquestionable as those used in the probability theory. This almost infallible do- main is the result of a tremendous work by the whole scientific world. But when measures are dubious, bad or no longer possible and when we really have to make use of the richness of human reasoning in its variety, then the theories dealing with the treatment of uncertainty, some quite new and other ones older, provide the required complement, and fill in the gap left in the field of knowledge representation. Nowadays, various theories are widely used: fuzzy sets, belief function, the convenient associations between probability and fuzzines~ etc *** We are more and more in need of a wide range of instruments and theories to build models that are more and more adapted to the most complex systems.

This volume is the result of a Symposium, held in October, 1985, to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of the De- partment of Plant Ecology of the University of Groningen. The Department of Plant Ecology was founded by Professor Dingeman Bakker and has, since its incep- tion, been involved with studies of grasslands, and especially with the effects of human interference on grassland communities. It has been especially involved in an almost unique enterprise to convert areas of grassland from intensive agricultural production to nature reserves. With over-production of most food commodities in the EEC, and increasing interest in various types of 'set aside' schemes, this initiative now seems to be remarkably prescient. The Netherlands have a long history of human manipulation of the environment. Indeed, the Dutch en- vironment is probably more man-made than that of any other country. In view of this, and the Laborato- ry's interest in managed grasslands, it is not surprising that 'Disturbance in Grasslands' was selected as the topic for the Laboratory's Jubilee Symposium. Although both the Symposium and the resulting vo- lume, have a strong Dutch component, the organisers invited a number of contributors from Europe and elsewhere to provide key chapters. The result is a volume which covers many aspects of disturbance in a variety of grasslands. Disturbance is considered at both the community and the population level, and the principles and processes underlying those responses are explored.

These are the Proceedings of the Second CESRA Workshop on Particle Acceleration and Trapping in Solar Flares. The Workshop was held on June 23-26,1986, at the city hall of Aubigny-sur-Nere (France), near Bourges and near the Nan

The complete volume 12 of Medical Progress through Technology is devoted to the work of colleagues in Japan. Additionally, whole authority and responsibility both for the election of topics and for the reviewing procedure had been delegated to Guest Editors from Japan. What are the objectives of this special issue and why has Japan been elected to present itself in this way? International journals such as Medical Progress through Technology usually contain papers from authors all over the world. Such issues provide a rather comprehensive survey on different scientific projects but do not reflect the standard and extent of medical technology in a certain country. I think that issues like the present one give far better information on the actual state of research and development in a country than an irregular sequence of scientific reports. It is not intended that all future issues of Medical Progress through Technology will concern only national issues. The present issue is an exception. However, if the readers appreciate such an approach, then other national issues may be published. There are several reasons in favor of Japan preparing the first national issues. We all admire the history, tradition and culture of this country, but we are also impressed by the high standard of research, develop- ment and technical realisation achieved in nearly all high technology fields. There is no doubt, that Japan is among the leading nations in the field of medical technology.

The scholars invited to contribute the primary essays for this collection were given three mandates. The first was to survey the contemporary research in their assigned fields and to provide a bibliography that would give any interested scholar an entree into the literature. The second was to develop their own interpretive perspective on the economic literature of their assigned period. The third, and perhaps the most difficult, was to be very brief and concise. In a project of this type it would be difficult to extrapolate themes or evolutionary sequences that run through the literature over the two thousand years spanned by this survey. To some degree, the invited commentators provide a fund of suggestions that will stimulate interested readers to pursue this line of synthesis for themselves. The editor of this collection did not even entertain the idea of trying to coordinate the presentations and commentaries of this intellectually erudite and diverse group of scholars into agreed upon lines of interpretation. There is enough material, however, to provide a reference base for the interested scholar who desires to follow particular ideas from period to period.

The analysis of vegetation history is one of the prime objectives for vegetation scientists. In order to understand the recent composition of local floras and plant communities a second knowledge of species com- position during recent millenia is essential. With the present concern over climate changes, due to human activities, an understanding of past vegeta- tion distribution becomes even more important, since the correlation between climate and vegetation can often be used to predict possible impacts to crops and forests. I was very fortunate to receive the help of Drs. Webb and Huntley to compile this volume on vegetation history. They have collated an impres- sive set of papers which together give an account of the vegetation history of most of the continents during the late-Tertiary and Quaternery periods. There are, however, gaps in the coverage achieved, most notably Africa, and Asia apart from Japan. The information in this book will nonetheless certainly be used widely by vegetation scientists for the regions covered in the book and much of it has relevance to the areas not explicitly described. The authors of the individual chapters have done their best to cover recent topics of interest as well as established facts. It is intended that a separate volume will be produced in the near future covering the vegetation history of Africa and Asia. I thank the editors of It fits well into the this volume for their commendable achievement.

Old and New Fields of Old-Field Ecology In ecology, succession occupies a place similar to that of evolution in general biology. Ram6n Margalef, 1968. It was a great honor for me to have been asked by Marinus Werger to write an introductory note to this very special volume. Presumably my friends and former students in Europe felt that a few words from the New World might put the results presented in this exciting book into a somewhat broader perspective. My perspective (or retrospective), however, is neither impersonal nor original; it is an eclectic reflection of recent developments in ecology and in old-field ecology in particular. The ecological generalizations and theories of Ram6n Margalef and Eugene P. Odum, as we perceived them in Prague in the early 1970s, were for some of us so attractive and promising that we even started to believe it would not take too long until we had a truly unifying general theory of ecological succession. All that was needed - we thought - were data clarifying a few controversial issues. This is how our studies of old-field succession began in 1973. We viewed old-fields as a sort of 'Drosophila' for terrestrial ecology.

Proceedings of part of the Symposium `Numerical Syntaxonomy and Syndynamics' held in Unovce near Galanta, Slovakia, May 18-23, 1987

Micropropagation is a technology that has developed within the past 30 years. Earlier overviews of plant tissue culture have reviewed micropropagation as just one of many tissue culture procedures in use. Since the applications of this technology have multiplied so rapidly in recent years, we decided that a specific overview of the technology was now appropriate Our book begins with a review of the general principles of tissue culture as applied to micropropagation. This review is concise since the general topic has been covered in numerous other books and reviews. The basic principles of laboratory design and construction are summarized in the second chapter. Common problems encountered in micropropagation, both during and after culture, are examined in detail in four chapters. As micropropagation developed from a laboratory curiosity to a commercial industry, different considerations became important. These are discussed in two chapters. An attempt has been made to assess the current status of commercial production around the world. This has been difficult because commercial production figures are often closely guarded and little has been done to collect statistics on this growing industry. Applications to a broad range of crops are discussed in a series of chapters. These try to report the state of the art in each area, but since applications for some crops are much more advanced than for others, the focus of these chapters varies depending upon the progress that has been made.

This book discusses the natural and anthropogenic determinants of the environment and their impact on human health. It throws light on the perspectives of climate change with case studies from Australia, India, Italy, and Latin America. Themes covered are ecology of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, pesticide and heavy metal (arsenic) problems in natural environment; molecular advances in understanding of microbial interactions; ecological studies of human/animal health and diseases; food security, technological developments and more. The various chapters incorporate both theoretical and applied aspects and may serve as baseline information for future research through which significant development is possible.

The rate of social change has speeded up in the last three decades, but how do we explain this? This volume ventures what the generative mechanism is that produces such rapid change and discusses how this differs from late Modernity. Contributors examine if an intensification of morphogenesis (positive feedback that results in a change in social form) and a corresponding reduction in morphostasis (negative feedback that restores or reproduces the form of the social order) best captures the process involved. This volume resists proclaiming a new social formation as so many books written by empiricists have done by extrapolating from empirical data. Until we can convincingly demonstrate that a new generative mechanism is at work, it is premature to argue what accounts for the global changes that are taking place and where they will lead. More concisely we seek to answer the question whether or not current social change can be regarded as social morphogenesis. Only then, in the next volumes will the same team of authors be able to remove the question mark.

Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. It is a discipline that addresses current issues: climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. This series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then proposes alternative solutions.

This new publication in the Models and Modeling in Science Education series synthesizes a wealth of international research on using multiple representations in biology education and aims for a coherent framework in using them to improve higher-order learning. Addressing a major gap in the literature, the volume proposes a theoretical model for advancing biology educators' notions of how multiple external representations (MERs) such as analogies, metaphors and visualizations can best be harnessed for improving teaching and learning in biology at all pedagogical levels. The content tackles the conceptual and linguistic difficulties of learning biology at each level-macro, micro, sub-micro, and symbolic, illustrating how MERs can be used in teaching across these levels and in various combinations, as well as in differing contexts and topic areas. The strategies outlined will help students' reasoning and problem-solving skills, enhance their ability to construct mental models and internal representations, and, ultimately, will assist in increasing public understanding of biology-related issues, a key goal in today's world of pressing concerns over societal problems about food, environment, energy, and health. The book concludes by highlighting important aspects of research in biological education in the post-genomic, information age.

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop Bianisotropics 2002 was held in th Marrakesh, Morocco, during 8-11 May 2002. This was the 9 International Conference on Electromagnetics of Complex Media, belonging to a series of meetings where the focus is on electromagnetics of chiral, bianisotropic, and other materials that may respond to electric and magnetic field excitations in special manner. The first of these meetings was held in Espoo, Finland (1993), and the following venues were Gomel, Belarus (1993), Perigueux, France (1994), State College, Pennsylvania, USA (1995), the rivers and channels between St. Petersburg and Moscow in Russia (1996), Glasgow, Scotland (1997), Brunswick, Germany (1998), and Lisbon, Portugal (2000). The present book contains full articles of several of the presentations that were given in the Marrakesh conference. In Bianisotropics 2002, 8 re- view lectures, 14 invited lectures and 68 contributed talks and posters were presented. Of these presentations, after a double review process, 28 contributions have achieved their final form on the pages to follow. From the contributions ofthe meeting, also another publication is being planned: a Special Issue of the journal Electromagnetics will be devoted to complex materials. Guest editors for this issue are Keith W. Whites and Said Zouhdi. The chairmen of Bianisotropics 2002conference were Said Zouhdi (Pierre et Marie Curie University - Paris) and Mohamed Arsalane (Cadi Ayyad University - Marrakesh), who were assisted by Scientists from Moroccan Universities and the International Bianisotropics Conference Committee.