Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer New York

Introduction to Algebraic and Abelian Functions is a self-contained presentation of a fundamental subject in algebraic geometry and number theory. For this revised edition, the material on theta functions has been expanded, and the example of the Fermat curves is carried throughout the text. This volume is geared toward a second-year graduate course, but it leads naturally to the study of more advanced books listed in the bibliography.

This monograph is an introduction to optimal control theory for systems governed by vector ordinary differential equations. It is not intended as a state-of-the-art handbook for researchers. We have tried to keep two types of reader in mind: (1) mathematicians, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in mathematics who want a concise introduction to a field which contains nontrivial interesting applications of mathematics (for example, weak convergence, convexity, and the theory of ordinary differential equations); (2) economists, applied scientists, and engineers who want to understand some of the mathematical foundations. of optimal control theory. In general, we have emphasized motivation and explanation, avoiding the "e;definition-axiom-theorem-proof"e; approach. We make use of a large number of examples, especially one simple canonical example which we carry through the entire book. In proving theorems, we often just prove the simplest case, then state the more general results which can be proved. Many of the more difficult topics are discussed in the "e;Notes"e; sections at the end of chapters and several major proofs are in the Appendices. We feel that a solid understanding of basic facts is best attained by at first avoiding excessive generality. We have not tried to give an exhaustive list of references, preferring to refer the reader to existing books or papers with extensive bibliographies. References are given by author's name and the year of publication, e.g., Waltman [1974].

Transformation geometry is a relatively recent expression of the successful venture of bringing together geometry and algebra. The name describes an approach as much as the content. Our subject is Euclidean geometry. Essential to the study of the plane or any mathematical system is an under- standing of the transformations on that system that preserve designated features of the system. Our study of the automorphisms of the plane and of space is based on only the most elementary high-school geometry. In particular, group theory is not a prerequisite here. On the contrary, this modern approach to Euclidean geometry gives the concrete examples that are necessary to appreciate an introduction to group theory. Therefore, a course based on this text is an excellent prerequisite to the standard course in abstract algebra taken by every undergraduate mathematics major. An advantage of having nb college mathematics prerequisite to our study is that the text is then useful for graduate mathematics courses designed for secondary teachers. Many of the students in these classes either have never taken linear algebra or else have taken it too long ago to recall even the basic ideas. It turns out that very little is lost here by not assuming linear algebra. A preliminary version of the text was written for and used in two courses-one was a graduate course for teachers and the other a sophomore course designed for the prospective teacher and the general mathematics major taking one course in geometry.

What shall we say of this metamorphosis in passing from finite to infinite? Galileo, Two New Sciences As its title suggests, this book was conceived as a prologue to the study of "e;Why the calculus works"e;--otherwise known as analysis. It is in fact a critical reexamination of the infinite processes arising in elementary math- ematics: Part II reexamines rational and irrational numbers, and their representation as infinite decimals; Part III examines our ideas of length, area, and volume; and Part IV examines the evolution of the modern function-concept. The book may be used in a number of ways: firstly, as a genuine pro- logue to analysis; secondly, as a supplementary text within an analysis course, providing a source of elementary motivation, background and ex- amples; thirdly, as a kind of postscript to elementary analysis-as in a senior undergraduate course designed to reinforce students' understanding of elementary analysis and of elementary mathematics by considering the mathematical and historical connections between them. But the contents of the book should be of interest to a much wider audience than this- including teachers, teachers in training, students in their last year at school, and others interested in mathematics.

This book is an outgrowth of courses given by me for graduate students at York University in the past ten years. The actual writing of the book in this form was carried out at York University, Peking University, the Academia Sinica in Beijing, the University of California at Irvine, Osaka University, and the University of Delaware. The idea of writing this book was ?rst conceived in the summer of 1989, and the protracted period of gestation was due to my daily duties as a professor at York University. I would like to thank Professor K. C. Chang, of Peking University; Professor Shujie Li, of the Academia Sinica in Beijing; Professor Martin Schechter, of the University of California at Irvine; Professor Michihiro Nagase, of Osaka University; and Professor M. Z. Nashed, of the University of Delaware, for providing me with stimulating environments for the exchange of ideas and the actual writing of the book. We study in this book the properties of pseudo-differential operators arising in quantum mechanics, ?rst envisaged in [33] by Hermann Weyl, as bounded linear 2 n operators on L (R ). Thus, it is natural to call the operators treated in this book Weyl transforms.

This brief provides readers a complete and self-contained resource for information about DDoS attacks and how to defend against them. It presents the latest developments in this increasingly crucial field along with background context and survey material. The book also supplies an overview of DDoS attack issues, DDoS attack detection methods, DDoS attack source traceback, and details on how hackers organize DDoS attacks. The author concludes with future directions of the field, including the impact of DDoS attacks on cloud computing and cloud technology. The concise yet comprehensive nature of this brief makes it an ideal reference for researchers and professionals studying DDoS attacks. It is also a useful resource for graduate students interested in cyberterrorism and networking.

While many articles have been written on microwave devices, a great majority of them are prepared for specialists dealing in specific aspects of microwave engineering. At the same time, material at a fundamental level in tutorial form is extremely limited, especially for stu- dents who need to acquire basic knowledge in the field. Individuals seeking to gain a prelim- inary understanding of microwave circuits are usually relegated with little success to the end- less search from one reference source to another. For non-experts, sequential derivations of basic relations are rarely available and extremely difficult to locate. The purpose of this volume is to collect in one place the essential fundamental principles for a group of microwave devices. The chosen devices are those which form the basic modules found in practical microwave systems. Thus, these devices provide the crucial build- ing blocks in common microwave systems, and their inherent characteristics are also the basis of some of the fundamental concepts in more complex devices. The material is presented in a continuous, self-contained manner. With the appropriate background, readers should be able to follow and understand the contents without the need for additional references.

The fetal period of human growth and development has become an area of intense study in recent years, due in large part to the development of diagnostic ultrasound. More than 2,000 articles have been published in the last five years describing anatomy and pathology in utero, as reflected in sonographic images. Yet, no stan- dard reference exists to correlate these images with fetal gross anatomy and at- tempts to draw parallels from adult structure have often led to false assumptions. The dictum "e;the newborn is not a miniature adult"e; is all the more valid for the fetus. This text aims to provide a comprehensive reference for normal sectional anat- omy correlated with in utero ultrasound images. In addition, magnetic resonance images of therapeutically aborted or stillborn fetuses are paired with similar gross sections to serve as a foundation upon which current in vivo studies may build. Lastly, a miscellaneous section illustrates several anatomic points useful in the understanding of fetal anatomy. These points include the changing anatomy of the fetal brain during gestation and the anatomy of the meninges, the fetal heart, and ductus venosus. It is our hope that this atlas will provide a clear picture of fetal anatomy, rectify some of the confusion which exists in antenatal diagnosis, and stimulate further interest in fetal development.

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), one of the greatest mathematicians of the 18th century, made important contributions to the theory of numbers and to analytical and celestial mechanics. His most important work is Mecanique Analytique (1788), the textbook on which all subsequent work in this field is based. A contempo- rary reader is surprised to find no diagrams or figures of any kind in this book on mechanics. This reflects one extreme approach to graphics, namely considering it unimportant or even detracting as a teaching tool and not using it. Today, of course, this approach is unthinkable. Graphics, especially computer graphics, is commonly used in texts, advertisements, and movies to illustrate concepts, to emphasize points being discussed, and to entertain. Our approach to graphics has been completely reversed since the days of La- grange, and it seems that much of this change is due to the use of computers. Computer graphics today is a mature, successful, and growing field. It is used by many people for many purposes and it is enjoyed by even more people. One criterion for the maturity of a field of study is its size. When a certain discipline becomes so big that no one person can keep all of it in their head, we say that that discipline has matured (or has come of age). This is what happened to computer graphics in the last decade or so.

Filling an important gap in the literature, this comprehensive text develops conformal field theory from first principles. The treatment is self-contained, pedagogical, and exhaustive, and includes a great deal of background material on quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, Lie algebras and affine Lie algebras. The many exercises, with a wide spectrum of difficulty and subjects, complement and in many cases extend the text. The text is thus not only an excellent tool for classroom teaching but also for individual study. Intended primarily for graduate students and researchers in theoretical high-energy physics, mathematical physics, condensed matter theory, statistical physics, the book will also be of interest in other areas of theoretical physics and mathematics. It will prepare the reader for original research in this very active field of theoretical and mathematical physics.

Ordinal Data Modeling is a comprehensive treatment of ordinal data models from both likelihood and Bayesian perspectives. Written for graduate students and researchers in the statistical and social sciences, this book describes a coherent framework for understanding binary and ordinal regression models, item response models, graded response models, and ROC analyses, and for exposing the close connection between these models. A unique feature of this text is its emphasis on applications. All models developed in the book are motivated by real datasets, and considerable attention is devoted to the description of diagnostic plots and residual analyses. Software and datasets used for all analyses described in the text are available on websites listed in the preface.

This in-depth revision of the successful first edition is one of the only books of its kind to cover the full range of craniomaxillofacial reconstructive and corrective bone surgery. This evolving field has a large number of contributions by worldwide clinicians covering new developments, especially in biomaterials, digital technologies, virtual surgical planning, patient specific implants, and navigation. These topics appeal to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Plastic Surgeons, ENT/Head and Neck Surgeons, and Neurosurgeons. Complete with updates on popular topics from the first edition, such as advanced jaw reconstruction with stem cells and tissue engineering, wide varieties of microvascular flaps, orthognathic surgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, dental implantology, craniofacial surgery and facial allotransplantation.

In "e;Beyond Fear,"e; Bruce Schneier invites us to take a critical look at not just the threats to our security, but the ways in which we're encouraged to think about security by law enforcement agencies, businesses of all shapes and sizes, and our national governments and militaries. Schneier believes we all can and should be better security consumers, and that the trade-offs we make in the name of security - in terms of cash outlays, taxes, inconvenience, and diminished freedoms - should be part of an ongoing negotiation in our personal, professional, and civic lives, and the subject of an open and informed national discussion.With a well-deserved reputation for original and sometimes iconoclastic thought, Schneier has a lot to say that is provocative, counter-intuitive, and just plain good sense. He explains in detail, for example, why we need to design security systems that don't just work well, but fail well, and why secrecy on the part of government often undermines security.  A skeptic of much that's promised by highly touted technologies like biometrics, Schneier is also a refreshingly positive, problem-solving force in the often self-dramatizing and fear-mongering world of security pundits.Schneier helps the reader to understand the issues at stake, and how to best come to one's own conclusions, including the vast infrastructure we already have in place, and the vaster systems--some useful, others useless or worse--that we're being asked to submit to and pay for.

Applying Generalized Linear Models describes how generalized linear modelling procedures can be used for statistical modelling in many different fields, without becoming lost in problems of statistical inference. Many students, even in relatively advanced statistics courses, do not have an overview whereby they can see that the three areas - linear normal, categorical, and survival models - have much in common. The author shows the unity of many of the commonly used models and provides the reader with a taste of many different areas, such as survival models, time series, and spatial analysis. This book should appeal to applied statisticians and to scientists with a basic grounding in modern statistics. With the many exercises included at the ends of chapters, it will be an excellent text for teaching the fundamental uses of statistical modelling. The reader is assumed to have knowledge of basic statistical principles, whether from a Bayesian, frequentist, or direct likelihood point of view, and should be familiar at least with the analysis of the simpler normal linear models, regression and ANOVA. The author is professor in the biostatistics department at Limburgs University, Diepenbeek, in the social science department at the University of Liege, and in medical statistics at DeMontfort University, Leicester. He is the author of nine other books.

Discussing the most current and pioneering techniques in breast reconstruction without the use of implants, THE ARTISTRY OF BREAST RECONSTRUCTION WITH AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE is the volume every breast surgeon has been waiting for. Focusing not only on how to reconstruct breasts following mastectomy but also on how to achieve the highest degree of aesthetic success possible, this volume describes in detail Dr. Kroll's techniques in using autologous tissue. Over 500 photographs and custom illustrations demonstrate and compare the different techniques used in breast reconstruction with autologous tissue such as conventional (pedicled) TRAM flaps, free TRAM flaps, the extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, the Rubens fat pad free flap, among others. Also include are chapters on immediate and delayed reconstructions, shaping the breast mound, nipple and areolar reconstruction and choice of technique, follow-up and patient selection. Dr. Kroll's approach to reconstructive breast surgery equally encompasses art and science and both are fully represented in this volume.

The decade prior to publication has seen an explosive growth in com- tational speed and memory and a rapid enrichment in our understa- ing of arti?cial neural networks. These two factors have cooperated to at last provide systems engineers and statisticians with a working, prac- cal, and successful ability to routinely make accurate complex, nonlinear models of such ill-understood phenomena as physical, economic, social, and information-based time series and signals and of the patterns h- den in high-dimensional data. The models are based closely on the data itself and require only little prior understanding of the stochastic mec- nisms underlying these phenomena. Among these models, the feedforward neural networks, also called multilayer perceptrons, have lent themselves to the design of the widest range of successful forecasters, pattern clas- ?ers, controllers, and sensors. In a number of problems in optical character recognition and medical diagnostics, such systems provide state-of-the-art performance and such performance is also expected in speech recognition applications. The successful application of feedforward neural networks to time series forecasting has been multiply demonstrated and quite visibly so in the formation of market funds in which investment decisions are based largely on neural network-based forecasts of performance. The purpose of this monograph, accomplished by exposing the meth- ology driving these developments, is to enable you to engage in these - plications and, by being brought to several research frontiers, to advance the methodology itself.

Our initial motivation for writing this book was the observation from various students that the subject of design and analysis of experiments can seem like "e;a bunch of miscellaneous topics. "e;Webelievethattheidenti?cationoftheobjectivesoftheexperimentandthepractical considerations governing the design form the heart of the subject matter and serve as the link between the various analytical techniques. We also believe that learning about design and analysis of experiments is best achieved by the planning, running, and analyzing of a simple experiment. With these considerations in mind, we have included throughout the book the details of the planning stage of several experiments that were run in the course of teaching our classes. The experiments were run by students in statistics and the applied sciences and are suf?ciently simple that it is possible to discuss the planning of the entire experiment in a few pages, and the procedures can be reproduced by readers of the book. In each of these experiments, we had access to the investigators' actual report, including the dif?culties they came across and how they decided on the treatment factors, the needed number of observations, and the layout of the design. In the later chapters, we have included details of a number of published experiments. The outlines of many other student and published experiments appear as exercises at the ends of the chapters. Complementing the practical aspects of the design are the statistical aspects of the anal ysis. We have developed the theory of estimable functions and analysis of variance with somecare,butatalowmathematicallevel.

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of linear mixed models for continuous longitudinal data. Next to model formulation, this edition puts major emphasis on exploratory data analysis for all aspects of the model, such as the marginal model, subject-specific profiles, and residual covariance structure. Further, model diagnostics and missing data receive extensive treatment. Sensitivity analysis for incomplete data is given a prominent place. Several variations to the conventional linear mixed model are discussed (a heterogeity model, conditional linear mid models). This book will be of interest to applied statisticians and biomedical researchers in industry, public health organizations, contract research organizations, and academia. The book is explanatory rather than mathematically rigorous. Most analyses were done with the MIXED procedure of the SAS software package, and many of its features are clearly elucidated. How3ever, some other commercially available packages are discussed as well. Great care has been taken in presenting the data analyses in a software-independent fashion. Geert Verbeke is Assistant Professor at the Biostistical Centre of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. He received the B.S. degree in mathematics (1989) from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the M.S. in biostatistics (1992) from the Limburgs Universitair Centrum, and earned a Ph.D. in biostatistics (1995) from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Dr. Verbeke wrote his dissertation, as well as a number of methodological articles, on various aspects of linear mixed models for longitudinal data analysis. He has held visiting positions at the Gerontology Research Center and the Johns Hopkins University. Geert Molenberghs is Assistant Professor of Biostatistics at the Limburgs Universitair Centrum in Belgium. He received the B.S. degree in mathematics (1988) and a Ph.D. in biostatistics (1993) from the Universiteit Antwerpen. Dr. Molenberghs published methodological work on the analysis of non-response in clinical and epidemiological studies. He serves as an associate editor for Biometrics, Applied Statistics, and Biostatistics, and is an officer of the Belgian Statistical Society. He has held visiting positions at the Harvard School of Public Health.

This book explores the theory of strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups of linear operators. A special feature of the text is an unusually wide range of applications such as to ordinary and partial differential operators, to delay and Volterra equations, and to control theory. Also, the book places an emphasis on philosophical motivation and the historical background.