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Can we reproduce the inimitable, or give a new life to what has been af­ fected by the weariness of existence? Folks, what you have in your hands is a translation into English of a book that was first published in 1985 by its author, that is, myself, at the end of an editorial adventure about which you will find some details later. It was written in a dialect of Latin that is spoken as a native language in some parts of Europe, Canada, the U. S. A. , the West Indies, and is used as a language of communication between several countries in Africa. It is also sometimes used as a lan­ guage of communication between the members of a much more restricted community: mathematicians. This translation is indeed quite a faithful rendering of the original: Only a final section, on the reals, has been added to Chapter 6, plus a few notes now and then. On the title page you see an inscription in Arabic letters, with a transcription in the Latin (some poorly informed people say English!) alphabet below; I designed the calligraphy myself.

There are three changes in the second edition. First, with the help of readers and colleagues-thanks to all-I have corrected typographical errors and made minor changes in substance and style. Second, I have added a fewmore Exercises,especially at the end ofChapter4.Third, I have appended a section on Differential Geometry, the essential mathematical tool in the study of two-dimensional structural shells and four-dimensional general relativity. JAMES G. SIMMONDS vii Preface to the First Edition When I was an undergraduate, working as a co-op student at North Ameri­ can Aviation, I tried to learn something about tensors. In the Aeronautical Engineering Department at MIT, I had just finished an introductory course in classical mechanics that so impressed me that to this day I cannot watch a plane in flight-especially in a turn-without imaging it bristling with vec­ tors. Near the end of the course the professor showed that, if an airplane is treated as a rigid body, there arises a mysterious collection of rather simple­ looking integrals called the components of the moment of inertia tensor.

The computation of invariants of algebraic number fields such as integral bases, discriminants, prime decompositions, ideal class groups, and unit groups is important both for its own sake and for its numerous applications, for example, to the solution of Diophantine equations. The practical com- pletion of this task (sometimes known as the Dedekind program) has been one of the major achievements of computational number theory in the past ten years, thanks to the efforts of many people. Even though some practical problems still exist, one can consider the subject as solved in a satisfactory manner, and it is now routine to ask a specialized Computer Algebra Sys- tem such as Kant/Kash, liDIA, Magma, or Pari/GP, to perform number field computations that would have been unfeasible only ten years ago. The (very numerous) algorithms used are essentially all described in A Course in Com- putational Algebraic Number Theory, GTM 138, first published in 1993 (third corrected printing 1996), which is referred to here as [CohO]. That text also treats other subjects such as elliptic curves, factoring, and primality testing. Itis important and natural to generalize these algorithms. Several gener- alizations can be considered, but the most important are certainly the gen- eralizations to global function fields (finite extensions of the field of rational functions in one variable overa finite field) and to relative extensions ofnum- ber fields. As in [CohO], in the present book we will consider number fields only and not deal at all with function fields.

This brief focuses on radio resource allocation in a heterogeneous wireless medium. It presents radio resource allocation algorithms with decentralized implementation, which support both single-network and multi-homing services. The brief provides a set of cooperative networking algorithms, which rely on the concepts of short-term call traffic load prediction, network cooperation, convex optimization, and decomposition theory. In the proposed solutions, mobile terminals play an active role in the resource allocation operation, instead of their traditional role as passive service recipients in the networking environment.

This book is an introduction to manifolds at the beginning graduate level. It contains the essential topological ideas that are needed for the further study of manifolds, particularly in the context of differential geometry, algebraic topology, and related fields. Its guiding philosophy is to develop these ideas rigorously but economically, with minimal prerequisites and plenty of geometric intuition.Although this second edition has the same basic structure as the first edition, it has been extensively revised and clarified; not a single page has been left untouched. The major changes include a new introduction to CW complexes (replacing most of the material on simplicial complexes in Chapter 5); expanded treatments of manifolds with boundary, local compactness, group actions, and proper maps; and a new section on paracompactness.This text is designed to be used for an introductory graduate course on the geometry and topology of manifolds. It should be accessible to any student who has completed a solid undergraduate degree in mathematics. The author's book Introduction to Smooth Manifolds is meant to act as a sequel to this book.

This book describes the fundamentals of data acquisition systems, how they enable users to sample signals that measure real physical conditions and convert the resulting samples into digital, numeric values that can be analyzed by a computer. The author takes a problem-solving approach to data acquisition, providing the tools engineers need to use the concepts introduced. Coverage includes sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals, signal conditioning circuitry to convert sensor signals into a form that can be converted to digital values and analog-to-digital converters, which convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values. Readers will benefit from the hands-on approach, culminating with data acquisition projects, including hardware and software needed to build data acquisition systems.

This Companion Textbook supplements the ActivEpi CD-ROM, sold separately. The ActivEpi CD-ROM provides a multimedia presentation of concepts, commonly taught in an introductory epidemiology course. ActivEpi mixes a full array of media to motivate, explain, visualize and apply epidemiological concepts. Virtually all of the material on the ActivEpi CD-ROM is included in the Companion Textbook. Because individuals differ in their learning skills, the ActivEpi CD-ROM and the ActivEpi Companion Textbook offer readers different but related options on how to learn epidemiology. The Textbook can be used as a hardcopy reference of the textual materials contained on the CD-ROM, as a resource for the practice exercises, as a general reference, or even a self-contained textbook. ActivEpi includes 15 lessons and over 50 hours of content via more than 250 launchable activities and homework exercises. It can be used in a variety of teaching formats: distance learning, self-paced learning, on-campus courses, and short courses. For the latest additions to ActivEpi, visit David Kleinbaum's website.

<div style="e;MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"e;>Financial engineers have access to enormous quantities of data but need powerful methods for extracting quantitative information, particularly about volatility and risks. Key features of this textbook are: illustration of concepts with financial markets and economic data, R Labs with real-data exercises, and integration of graphical and analytic methods for modeling and diagnosing modeling errors. Despite some overlap with the author's undergraduate textbook <em>Statistics and Finance: An Introduction</em>, this book differs from that earlier volume in several important aspects: it is graduate-level; computations and graphics are done in R; and many advanced topics are covered, for example, multivariate distributions, copulas, Bayesian computations, VaR and expected shortfall, and cointegration. </div><div style="e;MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"e;>The prerequisites are basic statistics and probability, matrices and linear algebra, and calculus.</div><div style="e;MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"e;>Some exposure to finance is helpful.</div>

Abnormal expression of MHC class I molecules in malignant cells is a frequent occurrence that ranges from total loss of all class I antigens to partial loss of MHC specific haplotypes or alleles. Different mechanisms are described to be responsible for these alterations, requiring different therapeutic approaches. A complete characterization of these molecular defects is important for improvement of the strategies for the selection and follow-up of patients undergoing T-cell based cancer immunotherapy. Precise identification of the mechanism leading to MHC class I defects will help to develop new personalized patient-tailored treatment protocols. There is significant new research on the prevalence of various patterns of MHC class I defects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in different types of cancer. In contrast, few data is available on the changes in MHC class I expression during the course of cancer immunotherapy, but the authors have recently made discoveries that show the progression or regression of a tumor lesion in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy depends on the molecular mechanism responsible for the MHC class I alteration and not on the type of immunotherapy used. According to this notion, the nature of the preexisting MHC class I lesion in the cancer cell has a crucial impact on determining the final outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This SpringerBrief will present how MHC class 1 is expressed, explain its role in tumor progression, and its role in resistance to immunotherapy.

Mechanical engineering, an engineering discipline born of the needs of the industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions, among others. The Mechanical Engineering Series features graduate texts and re- search monographs intended to address the need for information in contem- porary areas of mechanical engineering. The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range of concentrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education and research. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors on the advisory board, each an expert in one of the areas of concentra- tion. The names of the consulting editors are listed on the preceding page of this volume. The areas of concentration are applied mechanics, biomechanics, computational mechanics, dynamic systems and control, energetics, mechan- ics of materials, processing, thermal science, and tribology. Professor Leckie, the consulting editor for applied mechanics, and I are pleased to present the second edition of the third volume of the series: Theory of Wire Rope by Professor Costello. The selection of this volume underscores again the interest ofthe Mechanical Engineering Series to provide our readers with topical monographs as well as graduate texts.

Neurosurgical Management of Pain presents the full range of procedures for the management of chronic, intractable pain. Criteria for patient selection, the details of operative techniques, risks, complications, and expected outcomes are offered for a wide variety of anatomic, ablative, and augmentative neurosurgical procedures for the treatment of pain. Chapters on the latest neuroaugmentative advances utilizing electrical stimulation and implantable drug infusion systems are included as well as a useful section providing algorithms and guidelines for evaluation and treatment of specific pain syndromes. Over 100 exquisite line drawings and photographs augment the text. For both the trainee and experienced neurosurgeon, this volume is invaluable for acquiring the critical judgement and clinical skills necessary to apply these procedures.

Focusing Your Attention The purpose of this book is Cat least) twofold. First, we want to show you what mathematics is, what it is about, and how it is done-by those who do it successfully. We are, in fact, trying to give effect to what we call, in Section 9.3, our basic principle of mathematical instruction, asserting that "e;mathematics must be taught so that students comprehend how and why mathematics is qone by those who do it successfully./I However, our second purpose is quite as important. We want to attract you-and, through you, future readers-to mathematics. There is general agreement in the (so-called) civilized world that mathematics is important, but only a very small minority of those who make contact with mathematics in their early education would describe it as delightful. We want to correct the false impression of mathematics as a combination of skill and drudgery, and to re- inforce for our readers a picture of mathematics as an exciting, stimulating and engrossing activity; as a world of accessible ideas rather than a world of incomprehensible techniques; as an area of continued interest and investigation and not a set of procedures set in stone.

Spatio-temporal patterns appear almost everywhere in nature, and their description and understanding still raise important and basic questions. However, if one looks back 20 or 30 years, definite progress has been made in the modeling of insta- bilities, analysis of the dynamics in their vicinity, pattern formation and stability, quantitative experimental and numerical analysis of patterns, and so on. Universal behaviors of complex systems close to instabilities have been determined, leading to the wide interdisciplinarity of a field that is now referred to as nonlinear science or science of complexity, and in which initial concepts of dissipative structures or synergetics are deeply rooted. In pioneering domains related to hydrodynamics or chemical instabilities, the interactions between experimentalists and theoreticians, sometimes on a daily basis, have been a key to progress. Everyone in the field praises the role played by the interactions and permanent feedbacks between ex- perimental, numerical, and analytical studies in the achievements obtained during these years. Many aspects of convective patterns in normal fluids, binary mixtures or liquid crystals are now understood and described in this framework. The generic pres- ence of defects in extended systems is now well established and has induced new developments in the physics of laser with large Fresnel numbers. Last but not least, almost 40 years after his celebrated paper, Turing structures have finally been ob- tained in real-life chemical reactors, triggering anew intense activity in the field of reaction-diffusion systems.

The study of wave propagation seems very remote to many engineers, even to those who are involved in structural dynamics. I think one of the reasons for this is that the examples usually taught in school were either so simple as to be inapplicable to real world problems, or so mathematically abstruse as to be intractable. This book contains an approach, spectral analysis, that I have found to be very effective in analyzing waves. What has struck me most about this approach is how I can use the same analytic framework to do predictions as well as to manipulate experimental data. As an experimentalist, I had found it very frustrating having my analytical tools incompatible with my experiments. For example, it is experimentally impos- sible to generate a step-function wave and yet that is the type of analytical solution available. Spectral analysis is very encompassing - it touches on analysis, numerical meth- ods, and experimental methods. I wanted this book to do justice to its versatility, so many subjects are introduced. As a result some areas may seem a little thin and I regret this. But I do hope, nonetheless, that the bigger picture, the unity, comes across. To encourage you to try the spectral analysis approach I have included complete source code listings to some of the computer programs mentioned in the text.

I n modem times, science has brought the past-and so many of its creatures-back to life via intellectual inquiry, application of the scientific method, and some extraordinary technology that has recently been devel- oped. The wonder of the process is that such a rich and vivid understanding of the deep past has been generated from such scanty evidence: broken bones, lithified shells, fossil leaves, and even simple layered rocks. The sci- entists who have contributed to this work have woven rich tapestries of an- cient times, and their weaving, which is an adventure in itself, is the subject of this book. It is as if true time machines existed, enabling us to retreat through time's mists into the past, to examine the then-living as though liv- ing still, to visit ancient worlds and reconstruct the lives their denizens led. vii TIME MA[HINES The past tantalizes us; it is part of our nature to seek clues about an- cient times and our origins. Yet the past is far more than just some moment in time. In our own lives, for instance, it is also place, people (and other liv- ing things), and history. Take the first day of school: the desks and posters, the windows and chalkboards, the people who left us there, the people we met. So, too, for paleontologists and archeologists is the deep past a conver- gence of time, place, inhabitants, and their history or biological interactions.

Five years ago, I taught a one-quarter course in homological algebra. I discovered that there was no book which was really suitable as a text for such a short course, so I decided to write one. The point was to cover both Ext and Tor early, and still have enough material for a larger course (one semester or two quarters) going off in any of several possible directions. This book is 'also intended to be readable enough for independent study. The core of the subject is covered in Chapters 1 through 3 and the first two sections ofChapter 4. At that point there are several options. Chapters 4 and 5 cover the more traditional aspects of dimension and ring changes. Chapters 6 and 7 cover derived functors in general. Chapter 8 focuses on a special property of Tor. These three groupings are independent, as are various sections from Chapter 9, which is intended as a source of special topics. (The prerequisites for each section of Chapter 9 are stated at the beginning.) Some things have been included simply because they are hard to find else- where, and they naturally fit into the discussion. Lazard's theorem (Section 8.4)-is an example; Sections4,5, and 7ofChapter 9 containother examples, as do the appendices at the end.