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In February 1996, a chess-playing computer known as Deep Blue made history by defeating the reigning world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, in a game played under match conditions. Kasparov went on to win the six-game match 4-2 and at the end of the match announced that he believed that chess computing had come of age. This book provides an enthralling account of the match and of the story that lies behind it: the evolution of chess-playing computers and the development of Deep Blue. The story of chess-playing computers goes back a long way and the author provides a whistlestop tour of the highlights of this history. As the development comes to its culmination in Philadelphia, we meet the Deep Blue team, Garry Kasparov and each of the historic six games is provided in full with a detailed commentary. Chess grandmaster Yasser Seirawan provided a lively commentary throughout the match and here provides a Foreword about the significance of this event.

Computer technology has become a mirror of what we are and a screen on which we project both our hopes and our fears for the way the world is changing. Earlier in this century, particularly in the post-World War II era of unprecedented growth and prosperity, the social contract between citi­ zens and scientists/engineers was epitomized by the line Ronald Reagan promoted as spokesman for General Electric: "Progress is our most impor­ tant product. " In more recent decades, post-Chernobyl, post-Challenger, post-Bhopal, post-Microsoft, the social contract has undergone a transfor­ mation. More people are uncertain, fearful, and downright opposed to the notion that more technology guarantees a better life. What is a "better life"? Who benefits and who loses when new technologies change the way we live, work, learn, and play? Who has a say in the way technologies are designed and deployed? Where are we going, are we sure we want to go there, and who has the power to do anything about itt From the early days of the railroads, into the era of electrification, through the McLuhan age, much of the discourse about technology has been hype, utopianism, and what some historians have called "the rhetoric of the technological sublime. " We have discovered, however, that not all people benefit economically or politically from technological change.

This book is intended to provide a cross-disciplinary study of the physical prop­ erties of complex fluids, solids, and interfaces as a function of their mesoscopic structures. Because of the disorder and dissipate nature of these structures, em­ phasis is placed on nonequilibrium phenomena. These phenomena are the active research areas of soft condensed matter, and it is impossible to cover them all in one book. Therefore, we have limited the scope by selecting a variety of important current systems that (l) present high values to both science and technology on the basis of my own preference and expertise and (2) have not been put together coherently in the form of a book. We then show the underlying connections and parallels between topics as diverse as critical phenomena in colloidal dynamics, glass state relaxation and deformation, reinforced polymer composites, molecular level mixing in nanocomposites, and microscopic interactions of rough surfaces and interfaces. At the same time, each chapter is designed to be directly accessible to readers, and the need for going through the previous chapters has been kept to the minimum. It is a reasonably short book that is not designed to review all of the recent work that spans many disciplines. Instead, we attempt to establish a general framework for the fundamental understanding and the practical development of new materials that cannot be designed by the trial-and-error methods.

The author believes that a good basic understanding of electronics can be achieved by detailed visual analyses of the actual voltage waveforms present in selected circuits. The voltage waveforms included in this text were photographed using a 35-rrun camera in an attempt to make the book more attractive. This book is intended for the use of students with a variety of backgrounds. For this reason considerable material has been placed in the Appendix for those students who find it useful. The Appendix includes many basic electricity and electronic concepts as well as mathematical derivations that are not vital to the understanding of the circuit being discussed in the text at that time. Also some derivations might be so long that, if included in the text, it could affect the concentration of the student on the circuit being studied. The author has tried to make the book comprehensive enough so that a student could use it as a self-study course, providing one has access to adequate laboratory equipment.

¿The theory is systematically developed by the axiomatic method that has, since von Neumann, dominated the general approach to linear functional analysis and that achieves here a high degree of lucidity and clarity. The presentation is never awkward or dry, as it sometimes is in other ¿modern¿ textbooks; it is as unconventional as one has come to expect from the author. The book contains about 350 well placed and instructive problems, which cover a considerable part of the subject. All in all this is an excellent work, of equally high value for both student and teacher.¿ Zentralblatt für Mathematik

The most important feature of the modern synthetic theory of evolution is its foundation upon a great variety of biological disciplines. -G. L. STEBBINS, 1968, p. 17 This book is written with the goal of presenting ecologically significant anal- ogies between the biology of microorganisms and macroorganisms. I consider such parallels to be important for two reasons. First, they serve to emphasize that however diverse life may be, there are common themes at the ecological level (not to mention other levels). Second, research done with either microbes or macroorganisms has implications which transcend a particular field of study. Although both points may appear obvious, the fact remains that at- tempts to forge a conceptual synthesiS are astonishingly meager. While unify- ing concepts may not necessarily be strictly correct, they enable one to draw analogies across disciplines. New starting points are discovered as a conse- quence, and new ways of looking at things emerge. The macroscopic organisms ('macroorganisms') include most represen- tatives of the plant and animal kingdoms. I interpret the term 'microorganism' (microbe) literally to mean the small or microscopic forms of life, and I include in this category the bacteria, the protists (excluding the macroscopic green, brown, and red algae), and the fungi. Certain higher organisms, such as many of the nematodes, fall logically within this realm, but are not discussed at any length.

This book is intended for students familiar with a beginner's version of differential and integral calculus stressing only manipulation offormulas and who are now looking for a closer study of basic concepts combined with a more creative use of information. The work is primarily aimed at students in mathematics, engineering, and science who find themselves in transition from elementary calculus to rigorous courses in analysis. In addition, this book may also be of interest to those preparing to teach a course in calculus. Instead of exposing the reader to an excess of premature abstractions that so easily can degenerate into pedantry, I felt it more useful to stress instruc- tive and stimulating examples. The book contains numerous worked out examples and many of the exercises are provided with helpful hints or a solution in outline. For further exercises the interested reader may want to consult a problem book by the author entitled Problems and Propositions in Analysis (New York: Marcel Dekker, 1979). For the history of calculus I recommend the book by C. B. Boyer, The Concepts of the Calculus (New York: Dover, 1949).

Portraying data graphically certainly contributes toward a clearer and more penetrative understanding of data and also makes sophisticated statistical data analyses more marketable. This realization has emerged from many years of experience in teaching students, in research, and especially from engaging in statistical consulting work in a variety of subject fields. Consequently, we were somewhat surprised to discover that a comprehen- sive, yet simple presentation of graphical exploratory techniques for the data analyst was not available. Generally books on the subject were either too incomplete, stopping at a histogram or pie chart, or were too technical and specialized and not linked to readily available computer programs. Many of these graphical techniques have furthermore only recently appeared in statis- tical journals and are thus not easily accessible to the statistically unsophis- ticated data analyst. This book, therefore, attempts to give a sound overview of most of the well-known and widely used methods of analyzing and portraying data graph- ically. Throughout the book the emphasis is on exploratory techniques. Real- izing the futility of presenting these methods without the necessary computer programs to actually perform them, we endeavored to provide working com- puter programs in almost every case. Graphic representations are illustrated throughout by making use of real-life data. Two such data sets are frequently used throughout the text. In realizing the aims set out above we avoided intricate theoretical derivations and explanations but we nevertheless are convinced that this book will be of inestimable value even to a trained statistician.

The aim of this graduate textbook is to provide a comprehensive advanced course in the theory of statistics covering those topics in estimation, testing, and large sample theory which a graduate student might typically need to learn as preparation for work on a Ph.D. An important strength of this book is that it provides a mathematically rigorous and even-handed account of both Classical and Bayesian inference in order to give readers a broad perspective. For example, the "e;uniformly most powerful"e; approach to testing is contrasted with available decision-theoretic approaches.

This book is written as an introduction to the theory of error-free computation. In addition, we include several chapters that illustrate how error-free com- putation can be applied in practice. The book is intended for seniors and first- year graduate students in fields of study involving scientific computation using digital computers, and for researchers (in those same fields) who wish to obtain an introduction to the subject. We are motivated by the fact that there are large classes of ill-conditioned problems, and there are numerically unstable algorithms, and in either or both of these situations we cannot tolerate rounding errors during the numerical computations involved in obtaining solutions to the problems. Thus, it is important to study finite number systems for digital computers which have the property that computation can be performed free of rounding errors. In Chapter I we discuss single-modulus and multiple-modulus residue number systems and arithmetic in these systems, where the operands may be either integers or rational numbers. In Chapter II we discuss finite-segment p-adic number systems and their relationship to the p-adic numbers of Hensel [1908]. Each rational number in a certain finite set is assigned a unique Hensel code and arithmetic operations using Hensel codes as operands is mathe- matically equivalent to those same arithmetic operations using the cor- responding rational numbers as operands. Finite-segment p-adic arithmetic shares with residue arithmetic the property that it is free of rounding errors.

There is a canard that every textbook of algebraic topology either ends with the definition of the Klein bottle or is a personal communication to J. H. C. Whitehead. Of course, this is false, as a glance at the books of Hilton and Wylie, Maunder, Munkres, and Schubert reveals. Still, the canard does reflect some truth. Too often one finds too much generality and too little attention to details. There are two types of obstacle for the student learning algebraic topology. The first is the formidable array of new techniques (e. g. , most students know very little homological algebra); the second obstacle is that the basic defini­ tions have been so abstracted that their geometric or analytic origins have been obscured. I have tried to overcome these barriers. In the first instance, new definitions are introduced only when needed (e. g. , homology with coeffi­ cients and cohomology are deferred until after the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms have been verified for the three homology theories we treat-singular, sim­ plicial, and cellular). Moreover, many exercises are given to help the reader assimilate material. In the second instance, important definitions are often accompanied by an informal discussion describing their origins (e. g. , winding numbers are discussed before computing 1tl (Sl), Green's theorem occurs before defining homology, and differential forms appear before introducing cohomology). We assume that the reader has had a first course in point-set topology, but we do discuss quotient spaces, path connectedness, and function spaces.

In the fall of 1990, I taught Math 581 at New Mexico State University for the first time. This course on field theory is the first semester of the year-long graduate algebra course here at NMSU. In the back of my mind, I thought it would be nice someday to write a book on field theory, one of my favorite mathematical subjects, and I wrote a crude form of lecture notes that semester. Those notes sat undisturbed for three years until late in 1993 when I finally made the decision to turn the notes into a book. The notes were greatly expanded and rewritten, and they were in a form sufficient to be used as the text for Math 581 when I taught it again in the fall of 1994. Part of my desire to write a textbook was due to the nonstandard format of our graduate algebra sequence. The first semester of our sequence is field theory. Our graduate students generally pick up group and ring theory in a senior-level course prior to taking field theory. Since we start with field theory, we would have to jump into the middle of most graduate algebra textbooks. This can make reading the text difficult by not knowing what the author did before the field theory chapters. Therefore, a book devoted to field theory is desirable for us as a text. While there are a number of field theory books around, most of these were less complete than I wanted.

Reliability analysis is concerned with the analysis of devices and systems whose individual components are prone to failure. This textbook presents an introduction to reliability analysis of repairable and non-repairable systems. It is based on courses given to both undergraduate and graduate students of engineering and statistics as well as in workshops for professional engineers and scientists. As aresult, the book concentrates on the methodology of the subject and on understanding theoretical results rather than on its theoretical development. An intrinsic aspect of reliability analysis is that the failure of components is best modelled using techniques drawn from probability and statistics. Professor Zacks covers all the basic concepts required from these subjects and covers the main modern reliability analysis techniques thoroughly. These include: the graphical analysis of life data, maximum likelihood estimation and bayesian likelihood estimation. Throughout the emphasis is on the practicalities of the subject with numerous examples drawn from industrial and engineering settings.

The author, the founder of the Greek Statistical Institute, has based this book on the two volumes of his Greek edition which has been used by over ten thousand students during the past fifteen years. It can serve as a companion text for an introductory or intermediate level probability course. Those will benefit most who have a good grasp of calculus, yet, many others, with less formal mathematical background can also benefit from the large variety of solved problems ranging from classical combinatorial problems to limit theorems and the law of iterated logarithms. It contains 329 problems with solutions as well as an addendum of over 160 exercises and certain complements of theory and problems.