Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer US

Access Control Systems: Security, Identity Management and Trust Models provides a thorough introduction to the foundations of programming systems security, delving into identity management, trust models, and the theory behind access control models. The book details access control mechanisms that are emerging with the latest Internet programming technologies, and explores all models employed and how they work. The latest role-based access control (RBAC) standard is also highlighted.This unique technical reference is designed for security software developers and other security professionals as a resource for setting scopes of implementations with respect to the formal models of access control systems. The book is also suitable for advanced-level students in security programming and system design.

In the ten years that have elapsed since the first edition of this book went to press, the cytochrome P450 field has completed the transition to a discipline in which structure and mechanism, even regulation and biological function, are dealt with in molecular terms. The twin forces that have propelled this remarkable progress have been the widespread adoption of molecular biological approaches and the successful application of modem structural techniques. Only a few P450 primary sequences were available in 1985, whereas hundreds of P450 sequences are now available. Site-specific mutagenesis was then mostly a proverbial gleam in the eye of the P450 community, but it is now a standard technique in the research repertoire. The first crystal structure of a cytochrome P450 enzyme had just been solved in 1985 and appeared on the cover of the first edition. Today, the high-reso- lution crystal structures of four soluble bacterial P450 enzymes are available and the race is on to develop approaches that will permit us to determine the structures of the membrane-bound forms of the enzyme. The past ten years has seen phenomenal progress- let us hope that the next ten will prove equally exciting. The book is informally divided into four sections. In order to hold the book close to the advancing front of research, some of the chapter topics from the first edition have been dropped to make room for new or expanded topics.

In the early 1980s, a few scientists started working on a Xenopus transcription factor, TFIIIA. They soon discovered a novel domain associated with zinc, and named this domain "e;zinc finger. "e; Th e number of proteins with similar zinc fingers grew quickly and these proteins are now called C2H2, Cys2His2 or classical zinc finger proteins. To date, about 24,000 C2H2 zinc finger proteins have been recognized. Approximately 700 human genes, or more than 2% of the genome, have been estimated to encode C2H2 finger proteins. From the beginning these proteins were thought to be numerous, but no one could have predicted such a huge number. Perhaps thousands of scientists are now working on C2H2 zinc finger proteins fi-om variou s viewpoints. This field is a good example of how a new science begins with the insight of a few scientists and how it develops by efforts of numerous independent scientists, in contrast to a policy-driven scientific project, such as the Human Genome Project, with goals clearly set at its inception and with work performed by a huge collaboration throughout the world. As more zinc finger proteins were discovered, several subfamilies, such as C2C2, CCHC, CCCH, LIM, RING, TAZ, and FYVE emerged, increasing our understanding of zinc fingers. The knowledge was overwhelming. Moreover, scientists began defining the term "e;zinc finger"e; differently and using various names for identical zinc fingers. These complications may explain why no single comprehensive resource of zinc finger proteins was available before this publication.

oltage-gated calcium channels are essential mediators of a range of physiological functions, including the communication between nerve Vcells, the regulation of heart beat, muscle contraction, and secretion of hormones such as insulin. Consequently, these channels are critical phar- macological targets in the treatment of a variety of disorders, such as epi- lepsy, hypertension, and pain. Voltage-gated calcium channels have there- fore been subject to intense study by numerous investigators over the past few decades, and an immense body of work has accumulated. In this book, we provide the first comprehensive overview of our current state of knowl- edge concerning this exciting field of research. Leading off with a general review of calcium signaling and techniques to measure calcium channel ac- tivity, the book delves into a provocative overview of the history of the cal- cium channel field, contributed by one of the key pioneers in the field. Dr. Richard Tsien. This is followed by an in depth review of the biochemical and molecular biological characterization of calcium channel genes by Drs. Catterall and Snutch whose research has resulted in major advances in the calcium channel field. A number of chapters are dedicated towards various aspects of calcium channel structure and function, including channel gat- ing, permeation, modulation and interactions with members of the exo- totic machinery-contributed by both established leaders and rising stars in the field.

Since 1983 I have been delivering lectures at Budapest University that are mainly attended by chemistry students who have already studied quantum chem- istry in the amount required by the (undergraduate) chemistry curriculum of the University, and wish to acquire deeper insight in the field, possibly in prepara- tion of a master's or Ph.D. thesis in theoretical chemistry. In such a situation, I have the freedom to discuss, in detail, a limited number of topics which I feel are important for one reason or another. The exact coverage may vary from year to year, but I usually concentrate on the general principles and theorems and other basic theoretical results which I foresee will retain their importance despite the rapid development of quantum chemistry. I commonly organize my lectures by treating the subject from the begin- ning, without referring explicitly to any actual previous knowledge in quantum chemistry-only some familiarity with its goals, approaches and, to a lesser ex- tent, techniques is supposed. I concentrate on the formulae and their derivation, assuming the audience essentially understands the reasons for deriving these results. This book is basically derived from the material of my lectures. The spe- cial feature, distinguishing it from most other textbooks, is that all results are explicitly proved or derived, and the derivations are presented completely, step by step. True understanding of a theoretical result can be achieved only if one has gone through its derivation.

With the advent of portable and autonomous computing systems, power con- sumption has emerged as a focal point in many research projects, commercial systems and DoD platforms. One current research initiative, which drew much attention to this area, is the Power Aware Computing and Communications (PAC/C) program sponsored by DARPA. Many of the chapters in this book include results from work that have been supported by the PACIC program. The performance of computer systems has been tremendously improving while the size and weight of such systems has been constantly shrinking. The capacities of batteries relative to their sizes and weights has been also improv- ing but at a rate which is much slower than the rate of improvement in computer performance and the rate of shrinking in computer sizes. The relation between the power consumption of a computer system and it performance and size is a complex one which is very much dependent on the specific system and the technology used to build that system. We do not need a complex argument, however, to be convinced that energy and power, which is the rate of energy consumption, are becoming critical components in computer systems in gen- eral, and portable and autonomous systems, in particular. Most of the early research on power consumption in computer systems ad- dressed the issue of minimizing power in a given platform, which usually translates into minimizing energy consumption, and thus, longer battery life.

Extractions of Metals from Soils and Waters represents a new emphasis in the series Modern Inorganic Chemistry, namely the impact inorganic chemistry can have on the environment. Also, this is the first volume ever to introduce the reader to all aspects of heavy metal extraction. While the primary emphasis is on complexation chemistry, attention is also paid to phase transfer aspects. Particular methods of note include electrokinetics, phytoremediation, and sensors. Aimed primarily at chemists, this book will also appeal to engineers, plant biochemists, environmental health specialists, and practitioners or students of environmental law.

Staphylococcus aureus is now acknowledged as being the most important bacterial pathogen of humans. It usually produces localized disease but can be rapidly invasive, spreading through the tissues, invading bone, and seeding the bloodstream to produce a fulminant picture of septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and rapid death. Moreover, most strains of staph infections are becoming resistant to most antibiotics, thus posing a significant problem for hospitals and health care facilities. This book, a volume in the Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis series, presents chapters by the major researchers in the field.

Current Ornithology publishes authoritative, up-to-date, scholarly reviews of topics selected from the full range of current research in avian biology. Topics cover the spectrum from the molecular level of organization to population biology and community ecology. The series seeks especially to review (1) fields in which an abundant recent literature will benefit from synthesis and organization, or (2) newly emerging fields that are gaining recognition as the result of recent discoveries or shifts in perspective, or (3) fields in which students of vertebrates may benefit from comparisons of birds with other classes. All chapters are invited, and authors are chosen for their leadership in the subjects under review.

The discovery of uniform latex particles by polymer chemists of the Dow Chemical Company nearly 50 years ago opened up new exciting fields for scientists and physicians and established many new biomedical applications. Many in vitro diagnostic tests such as the latex agglutination tests, analytical cell and phagocytosis tests have since become rou- tine. They were all developed on the basis of small particles bound to biological active molecules and fluorescent and radioactive markers. Further developments are ongoing, with the focus now shifted to applications of polymer particles in the controlled and di- rected transport of drugs in living systems. Four important factors make microspheres interesting for in vivo applications: First, biocompatible polymer particles can be used to transport known amounts of drug and re- lease them in a controlled fashion. Second, particles can be made of materials which bio- degrade in living organisms without doing any harm. Third, particles with modified surfaces are able to avoid rapid capture by the reticuloendothelial system and therefore en- hance their blood circulation time. Fourth, combining particles with specific molecules may allow organ-directed targeting.