Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer US

Sexual risk behaviors have inspired profound ideas and effective teamwork. But as the early history of AIDS demonstrates, when sexual practice is part of the equation, the same bold thinkers may be stymied, or just silent. Safe sex and monogamy have been proposed as answers to a gamut of social problems, but there is frequently little consensus on what these terms mean.Sexual Partnering, Sexual Practices, and Health replaces myth and stereotype with meticulously documented findings on real people and their behaviors in their social, environmental, and individual contexts. Author Sana Loue examines the range of partnerships not only in the U.S. but also Europe and the developing world, focusing on both consenting relationships and exploitative sexual interactions:- Varieties of monogamy between consenting adults- Relationships involving multiple adult partners- Incest, pedophilia, and child marriage- Sex work, trafficking, and pornography- Fetishes and related behaviorsAll chapters cogently address the health issues that arise from these arrangements, concluding with implications for research, prevention, and intervention.Throughout, Loue argues for a common language across disciplines and challenges her readers-therapists, health care providers, and policymakers alike-to rethink their assumptions about clients, their health needs, and the communities they represent."e;Dr. Loue's work is a truly significant scholarly contribution to a topic too often characterized by pseudo-science and ideological distortions. "e;Sexual Partnering, Sexual Practices, and Health"e; should prove an invaluable resource for researchers and community practitioners alike in helping understand dimensions of sexual practice, and designing more effective approaches to sexual health and violence prevention."e;-Earl Pike, Executive Director, AIDS Taskforce of Greater Cleveland

Food Product Development presents in-depth, how to guidance to succe ssful food product development. Drawing on the practical experience of 19 industry experts, the book presents a broad overview of practical aspects of industrial food R&D today. In addition, it details how to c ontrol the many facets of food product development and successfully in tegrate the work of professionals from many diverse areas.

Capacitors were invented in 1745 and have served as portable electrical charge storage devices ever since. During the 19th century a general understanding of electro-magnetism was gradually developed. Electronic devices and circuits were pioneered in the early 20th century and, by its end, revolutionized the generation, processing, storage and transmission of information. No evolutionary limits have yet been approached. Strictly speaking, all circuits have capacitors; often not wanted, considered parasitic capacitors, such as capacitance of signal interconnections. A great deal of effort in academia and industry attempts to reduce the value of the parasitic capacitors by means of novel materials and structures with the lowest dielectric constant. Thin-Film Capacitors for Packaged Electronics deals with the capacitors of a wanted kind, still needed and capable of keeping pace with the demands posed by ever greater levels of integration. It spans a wide range of topics, from materials properties to limits of what's the best one can achieve in capacitor properties to process modeling to application examples. Some of the topics covered are the following: -Novel insights into fundamental relationships between dielectric constant and the breakdown field of materials and related capacitance density and breakdown voltage of capacitor structures, -Electrical characterization techniques for a wide range of frequencies (1 kHz to 20 GHz), -Process modeling to determine stable operating points, -Prevention of metal (Cu) diffusion into the dielectric, -Measurements and modeling of the dielectric micro-roughness.

Most leading IT companies in developing economies purchase expensive equipment which ensure fully secure transaction services provided to organizations that exchange funds through electronic means. The rational behind this hypothesis is based on the strong competition that exists among these leading IT companies. Contrary to companies in developing economies, there has been a certain level of complacency among advanced economies, although some academics and practitioners might disagree with this view. The irony of this analysis is that while investments in security among IT companies in advanced economies are limited in budget, the methods employed for assessing possible risks in the application of technologies are normally high in cost. Synchronizing E-Security is a critical investigation and empirical analysis of studies conducted among companies that support electronic commerce transactions in both advanced and developing economies. This book presents insights into the validity and credibility of current risk assessment methods that support electronic transactions in the global economy. Synchronizing E-Security focuses on a number of case studies of IT companies, within selected countries in West Africa, Europe, Asia and the United States. The foundation of this work is based on previous studies by Williams G., Avudzivi P.V (Hawaii 2002) on the retrospective view of information security management and the impact of tele-banking on the end-user. Synchronizing E-Security is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science, information systems and engineering, as well as internet security policies, algorithm design and risk assessment methods, distributed systems, and internet engineering.

When graduates leave college to enter the design office they will have at their disposal computer programs to suit particular projects. Nevertheless, they should have a basic understanding of how a structure should be loaded to achieve maximum design criteria otherwise their understanding and use of programs will be limited. Codes of practice classify loadings depending on the type and proposed use of a structure and offer guides as to how loads should be positioned. Influence line diagrams are, however, the best indicators for placing loads on a structure especially a continuous structure irrespective ofwhether the loads are moving, as in the case of bridges, or static. They also show clearly the effects of the self weight ofthe structure in the design process. It is important that the more general applications of influence line diagrams be recognised rather than restricting their use to moving loads only. They also define the parameters within which many codes have been drafted.

African trypanosomes are tsetse-transmitted protozoa that inhabit the extracellular compartment of host blood. They cause fatal sleeping sickness in people, and Nagana, a wasting and generally fatal disease, in cattle. While trypanosomes are most common to Africa (about 30% of Africa's cattle graze on the fringe of the tsetse habitat), some species have spread beyond its boarders to Asia, the Middle East and South America. The African Trypanosomes, volume one of World Class Parasites, is written for researchers, students and scholars who enjoy reading research that has a major impact on human health, or agricultural productivity, and against which we have no satisfactory defense. It is intended to supplement more formal texts that cover taxonomy, life cycles, morphology, vector distribution, symptoms and treatment. It integrates vector, pathogen and host biology and celebrates the diversity of approach that comprises modern parasitological research.

In the closing decade of the last century, we saw warnings that infectious diseases will require much more attention from patients and physicians in the 21 st century. Recently d- covered diseases such as AIDS pose a major threat to the population at large, and to that threat has been added the re-emergence of established pathogens, microbes that were re- ily treatable in the past. Since infectious diseases already play a major role in the burden of illness and mortality, health care providers and planners are worried. A large proportion of the problem is man-made, arising mainly from the unnecessary overuse of antimicrobials in hospital and community settings and from the agricultural misuse of the agents in animal feed. A consequence has been a dramatic increase in resi- ant strains of bacteria that were considered conquerable several decades ago. Community infections caused by multi-resistant pneumococci serve as an example. These organisms were readily treated with penicillin, but now the spread of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from continent to continent is becoming a worldwide problem. This is a major concern because pneumococcal infections are common in the community, being the le- ing cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Resistant bacteria in hospitals are also becoming more prevalent. We have become accustomed to hearing about methicill- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), but now we have to be concerned about multidrug-resistant coliform bacteria and pseudomonads.

It is nowten yearssince the thirdeditionofMetallicMaterials, andovertwentysincethefirst edition. Overthis periodtheworkhasbeenextensivelyused as acomprehensivesourcebook by all those concerned with the use of engineering materials. Since the third edition, there have been a number of basic changes in the methods of specifyingmaterials. Probablythe mostimportantofwhich is the introductionofthe Unified Numbering System (UNS). These codes are issued in agreement between the Society of AutomotiveEngineers (SAE) and the American SocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM), and reflect the acknowledgement of a need for a numbering system with some logic. The UNS codes have been issued to cover all the trade names, codes and specifications used in the US, and cognizance has been takenofcodes used inother areas. The codes have a letter prefix - A for aluminium, C for copper, etc. - followed by a 5 figure code. This refers to a basic analysis and lists US specifications and trade names covered by this analysis. This edition of Metallic Materials lists approximately 4,000 UNS codes and refers the reader either to the basic analysis for this code, or to one of the existing specifications or trade names covered by the code. In this edition steps have been taken to update the trade names and specifications, to eliminate mistakes, and to supply asmuchcontemporaryinformation as possible. Theextent ofthe additions has made it necessary to examine the way that someofthe specifications are known under various designations, and the implicationsofthis examination are explained in the 'How to use this book' section.

Design and Analysis of Analog Filters: A Signal Processing Perspective includes signal processing/systems concepts as well as implementation. While most books on analog filter design briefly present the signal processing/systems concepts, and then concentrate on a variety of filter implementation methods, the present book reverses the emphasis, stressing signal processing concepts. Filter implementation topics are presented in Part II: passive filters, and operational amplifier active filters. However, greater emphasis on signal processing/systems concepts is included in Part I of the book than is typical. This emphasis makes the book very appropriate as part of a signal processing curriculum. Useful Aspects of Design and Analysis of Analog Filters: A Signal Processing Perspective extensive use of MATLAB(R) throughout, with many homework problems involving the use of MATLAB. over 200 figures; over 100 examples; a total of 345 homework problems, appearing at the ends of the chapters; complete and thorough presentation of design characteristics; complete catalog of design approaches. Audience: Design and Analysis of Analog Filters: A Signal Processing Perspective will interest anyone with a standard electrical engineering background, with a B.S. degree or beyond, or at the senior level. While designed as a textbook, its numerous practical examples make it useful as a reference for practicing engineers and scientists, particularly those working in systems design or communications. MATLAB(R) Examples: A valuable relationship between analog filter theory and analysis and modern digital signal processing is made by the application of MATLAB to both the design and analysis of analog filters. Throughout the book, computer-oriented problems are assigned. The disk that accompanies this book contains MATLAB functions and m-files written specifically for this book. The MATLAB functions on the disk extend basic MATLAB capabilities in terms of the design and analysis of analog filters. The m-files are used in a number of examples in the book. They are included on the disk as an instructional aid.

Food Flavorings, Third Edition, is written for scientists and technologists in the flavor and food industries and provides a comprehensive review of the natural sources of flavor ingredients and the formulation, manufacture, and application of food flavorings. New to this edition are chapters on pharmaceutical and tobacco flavorings.

Designed for senior electrical engineering students, this textbook explores the theoretical concepts of digital signal processing and communication systems by presenting laboratory experiments using real-time DSP hardware. Each experiment begins with a presentation of the required theory and concludes with instructions for performing them. Engineering students gain experience in working with equipment commonly used in industry. This text features DSP-based algorithms for transmitter and receiver functions.

This book offers a comprehensive coverage to the mechanics of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are analyzed from a mechanical engineer's viewpoint as devices that transform an input form of energy, such as thermal, electrostatic, electromagnetic or optical, into output mechanical motion (in the case of actuation) or that can operate with the reversed functionality (as in sensors) and convert an external stimulus, such as mechanical motion, into (generally) electric energy. The impetus of this proposal stems from the perception that such an approach might contribute to a more solid understanding of the principles governing the mechanics of MEMS, and would hopefully enhance the efficiency of modeling and designing reliable and desirably-optimized microsystems. The work represents an attempt at both extending and deepening the mechanical-based approach to MEMS in the static domain by providing simple, yet reliable tools that are applicable to micromechanism design through current fabrication technologies. Lumped-parameter stiffness and compliance properties of flexible components are derived both analytically (as closed-form solutions) and as simplified (engineering) formulas. Also studied are the principal means of actuation/sensing and their integration into the overall microsystem. Various examples of MEMS are studied in order to better illustrate the presentation of the different modeling principles and algorithms. Through its objective, approach and scope, this book offers a novel and systematic insight into the MEMS domain and complements existing work in the literature addressing part of the material developed herein.

This consistent and well-illustrated text is an up-to-date survey of cellular and molecular events contributing to the assembly of the vertebrate nervous system. Chapters include a mixture of historical content and descriptions from literature that best illustrate specific aspects of development.

The theory of quasivarieties constitutes an independent direction in algebra and mathematical logic and specializes in a fragment of first-order logic-the so-called universal Horn logic. This treatise uniformly presents the principal directions of the theory from an effective algebraic approach developed by the author himself. A revolutionary exposition, this influential text contains a number of results never before published in book form, featuring in-depth commentary for applications of quasivarieties to graphs, convex geometries, and formal languages. Key features include coverage of the Birkhoff-Mal'tsev problem on the structure of lattices of quasivarieties, helpful exercises, and an extensive list of references.

This monograph constructs correct extensions of extremal problems, including problems of multicriteria optimization as well as more general cone optimization problems. The author obtains common conditions of stability and asymptotic nonsensitivity of extremal problems under perturbation of a part of integral restrictions for finite and infinite systems of restrictions. Features include individual chapters on nonstandard approximation of finitely additive measures by indefinite integrals and constructions of attraction sets. Professor Chentsov illustrates abstract settings by providing examples of problems of impulse control, mathematical programming, and stochastic optimization.

Insect Chemical Ecology provides a comprehensive view of how natural selection acts upon interacting organisms and how particular physical and biological properties of chemical compounds act as constraints upon which natural selection may act. Individual chapters raise specific questions as to the nature of these interactions. The first part contains reviews on antagonistic and mutualistic chemical interactions, the `raw materials' of chemical evolution, the economics of offensive and defensive chemicals, and neurobiology. The second part discusses particular problems such as the evolution of resistance, insect pollination, learning, pheromones, sequestration of semiochemicals, the role of microorganisms, sex attractants, the evolution of host races and biotypes, and the role of semiochemicals and the evolution of sociality of insects. The last chapter discusses the role of chemical-based pest management programs in an ecological and evolutionary framework.

Fuzzy logic is `a recent revolutionary technology' which has brought together researchers from mathematics, engineering, computer science, cognitive and behavioral sciences, etc. The work in fuzzy technology at the Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering (LIFE) has been specifically applied to engineering problems. This book reflects the results of the work that has been undertaken at LIFE with chapters treating the following topical areas: Decision Support Systems, Intelligent Plant Operations Support, Fuzzy Modeling and Process Control, System Design, Image Understanding, Behavior Decisions for Mobile Robots, the Fuzzy Computer, and Fuzzy Neuro Systems. The book is a thorough analysis of research which has been implemented in the areas of fuzzy engineering technology. The analysis can be used to improve these specific applications or, perhaps more importantly, to investigate more sophisticated fuzzy control applications.

Papers presented at the 20th meeting of the International Ornithological Congress held in New Zealand, December 1990 emphasizing New Zealand and the southern Pacific Ocean. Topics include: a summary of ornithological work in New Zealand, enemy recognition and response, parasitism and sexual selectio

This is the only monograph devoted to the expressibility of finitely axiomatizable theories, a classical subject in mathematical logic. The volume summarizes investigations in the field that have led to much of the current progress, treating systematically all positive results concerning expressibility. Also included in this unique text are solutions to both the Vaught-Morely problem and the Hanf problem, and a number of new natural questions that provide prospects for further development of the theory.

Sex ratio, the proportion of a progeny that is female, is an extremely important fitness trait. It is particularly interesting in relation to haplodiploidy, a variety of parthenogenesis in which organisms reproduce without the benefit of fertilization.

This volume, the first in a series on the lactic acid bacteria, offers a series of reviews by carefully selected experts drawn from several countries. Although there have been a number of excellent conferences on the lactic acid bacteria in recent years there is no publication which brings together the topics explored so thoroughly in the present text. Several topics will have particular interest to the agriculture industry, including spoilage in sugar productions, lactic acid bacteria in plant silage and conversation/upgrading of other materials for use in animal feeding, coffee, and cocoa fermentations and the role of sporolactobacilli. A review of factors governing the competitive behavior of lactic acid bacteria in mixed cultures ties together a number of the themes developed in other chapters.