Bücher veröffentlicht von University Press of the Pacific

Statistics is the science of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling. In engineering work this includes such different tasks as predicting the reliability of space launch vehicles and subsystems, lifetime analysis of spacecraft system components, failure analysis, and tolerance limits. A common engineering definition of statistics states that statistics is the science of guiding decisions in the face of uncertainties. An earlier definition was statistics is the science of making decisions in the face of uncertainties, but the verb making has been moderated to guiding. Statistical procedures can vary from the drawing and assessment of a few simple graphs to carrying out very complex mathematical analysis with the use of computers; in any application, however, there is the essential underlying influence of "chance." Whether some natural phenomenon is being observed or a scientific experiment is being carried out, the analysis will be statistical if it is impossible to predict the data exactly with certainty. The theory of probability had, strangely enough, a clearly recognizable and rather definitive start. It occurred in France in 1654. The French nobleman Chevalier de Mere had reasoned falsely that the probability of getting at least one six with 4 throws of a single die was the same as the probability of getting at least one "double six" in 24 throws of a pair of dice. This misconception gave rise to a correspondence between the French mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) and his mathematician friend Pierre Fermat (1601-1665) to whom he wrote: "Monsieur le Chevalier de Mere is very bright, but he is not a mathematician, and that, as you know, is a very serious defect."CONTENTS: Introduction - Preliminary Remarks - Statistical Potpourri - Measurement Scales - Probability and Set TheoryProbabilityDefinitions of Probability - Combinatorial Analysis (Counting Techniques) - Basic Laws of Probability - Probability Distributions - Distribution (Population) Parameters - Chebyshev's Theorem - Special Discrete Probability Functions - Special Continuous Distributions - Joint Distribution Functions - Mathematical Expectation - Functions of Random Variables - Central Limit Theorem (Normal Convergence Theorem) - Simulation (Monte Carlo Methods)StatisticEstimation Theory - Point Estimation - Sampling Distributions - Interval Estimation - Tolerance Limits - Hypothesis/Significance Testing - Curve Fitting, Regression, and Correlation - Goodness-of-Fit Tests - Quality Control - Reliability and Life Testing - Error Propagation LawBibliography

This book is FHWA's primary reference of recommended design and procurement procedures for shallow foundations. It presents state-of-the-practice guidance on the design of shallow foundation support of highway bridges. The information is intended to be practical in nature, and to especially encourage the cost-effective use of shallow foundations bearing on structural fills. To the greatest extent possible, the document coalesces the research, development and application of shallow foundation support for transportation structures over the last several decades. Detailed design examples are provided for shallow foundations in several bridge support applications according to both Service Load Design (Appendix B) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (Appendix C) methodologies. Guidance is also provided for shallow foundation applications for minor structures and buildings associated with transportation projects.

This book presents state-of-the-practice information on the design and installation of cement-grouted ground anchors and anchored systems for highway applications. The anchored systems discussed include flexible anchored walls, slopes supported using ground anchors, landslide stabilization systems, and structures that incorporate tiedown anchors. This book draws extensively in describing issues such as subsurface investigation and laboratory testing, basic anchoring principles, ground anchor load testing, and inspection of construction materials and methods used for anchored systems. This book provides detailed information on design analyses for ground anchored systems. Topics discussed include selection of design earth pressures, ground anchor design, design of corrosion protection system for ground anchors, design of wall components to resist lateral and vertical loads, evaluation of overall anchored system stability, and seismic design of anchored systems. Also included in this book are two detailed design examples and technical specifications for ground anchors and for anchored walls.

Every body ought to be interested in Value Engineering (VE)! As wage-earners, the application of VE is helping American industry maintain its economic position in world markets, thereby protecting our jobs and careers. As taxpayers, the Department of Defense (DOD) VE program has come to the defense of the Defense dollar, with audited savings to us of over $1.1 billion for fiscal years 1963 through 1966. As consumers, we today purchase many products at not only lower prices, but with greater value as well, because the manufacturer of those products is applying VE as an effective management tool. And all of these VE economic benefits have come rapidly. As recently as 1960-the application of this cost saving technique is dated back to 1947-wherever the technique had been intelligently and open-mindedly applied, it had been successful. With this acceptance and practice of the methodology have come rapid developments in the state of the art, and in the point of its application to the product cycle. What was once considered second look, Value Analysis-whereby the methodology was applied only after the entity of the product was well established-began moving back in the product development cycle for a first look into the design aspects of the product. Thus what was originally christened Value Analysis, synonymously became known as Value Engineering (VE)-a confirmation that served to justifiably raise the status of (and respect for) the technique. Value Engineering is therefore no longer on trial. It has proved itself repeatedly. But in spite of its name, its success has not come as a technological technique, but as a potent economic tool for management. Why? Because the record shows, without reservation, that the technique must have the rigorous and unqualified backing of management. Where VE has received this kind of support, management has reaped a return on investment in the order of 15:l. This kind of performance, management understands!

Expanding urbanization along Florida's coastlines has resulted in increased construction of individual residences, condominiums, and commercial establishments. This surge in construction has produced a concomitant need and demand for landscaping to solve not only a esthetic but functional problems in design. Unfortunately, there are many environmental stresses present in these are as which predispose plant material s to decline and eventual death. Perhaps the most commonly thought of stress is salinity---both soil and foliar related. Yet it should be understood that the specific salt tolerance of a given plant is related to its ability to withstand not only salinity but a number of other environmental stresses. There are a number of adverse qualities of coastal soils which contribute to poor success in establishing landscape plants. Coastal soils are generally: high in excess soluble salts, alkaline in pH, and sandy with poor nutrient and water holding capacity. Excess soluble salts result from a multiplicity of causes: inundation of coastal soils with saline or brackish water; salt water intrusion in to the fresh water aquifer and subsequent upward movement of salts by evaporation; irrigation with water of poor quality (saline); and overfertilization combined with poor watering practices.Contents:IntroductionTreesPalmsShrubsDwarf Shrubs, Groundcovers and VinesAppendixReferencesIndex

This book is specifically designed as a guide to highway engineers. It was used as a textbook for the FHWA training courses on the above title. Several methods of analysis and design of piles under lateral loading are in use. Two methods are presented: the method of Broms, and the method where nonlinear soil-response curves, p-y curves, are employed. The latter method is given prominence because of its versatility. A computer program is presented for solving the equations giving pile deflection, rotation, bending moment, and shear. An iterative procedure is employed internally in the computer program because of the nonlinear response of the soil. Nondimensional curves are presented that can be used for "hand" solution of the differential equation. Nondimensional solutions are useful as a means of checking computer output and to provide insight into the nature of the problem. Several examples are solved and the material is presented in a manner to simplify necessary computations, with step-by-step procedures given where appropriate.

This is a reprint of a book that is now extremely rare in collections of early American literature. Published anonymously in 1830, these "Sketches of Indian Life and Character" constituted one of the first collections of short tales to be brought out in the United States and also the first appearance in American Literature of the plains Indians. Fewer than a dozen copies of the Tales have been found after a careful search of American libraries. William Joseph Snelling, the author, wandered through the mid-western country in the 1820's, fraternizing with the Indians and penetrating their dark barriers as few other white men have ever done. His stories consequently bring to life real Indian-neither the "noble savages" of romantic fiction nor the bloodthirsty sadists of popular imagination. Snelling knew his Indian, and his writing about them, though fictional, is forthright and sincere. "In 1830 no American save Cooper wrote better narrative than Snelling at his peak," says John T. Flanagan, who has made an extensive study of the life and writings of Snelling and who writes the Introduction to this second edition of Tales of the Northwest. Seven of the ten tales deal with the relations between men and white. The other three are tales of Indians. All are written with a keen eye for the unique Indian psychology-the craving for justice inherent in an almost religious devotion to revenge, the scorn of pain and hardship, and the deep-seated oriental despair that more than anything else made the Indian incomprehensible to the insurgent whites. These traits Snelling brings out admirably in his stories, which tingle with the freshness and vigor of the Upper Mississippi country, where the author spent some of the richest years of his life. Son of Colonel Josiah Snelling, for whom Fort Snelling was named, young Joseph lived among the Indians or stayed with his father at the fort until in 1823 he joined Major Long's expedition to Lake Winnipeg, as interpreter between the explorers and the various Indian tribes they encountered. Returning to his native Boston in 1828, Snelling became the militantly outspoken editor of the Boston Herald, where he brought his crusading zeal into play against city grafters and gamblers and became an ardent member of the New England Anti-Slavery Society. He never went back to the Northwest, but immortalized the region and its peoples in his Tales of the Northwest, published under the modest pseudonym of "A Resident beyond the Frontier."

Americans seem to be increasingly concerned with decisions about death and dying. Why is a subject once thought taboo now so frequently aired by the popular media, debated in academic forums and professional societies, and litigated in well-publicized court cases? Perhaps it is because death is less of a private matter than it once was. Today, dying more often than not occurs under medical supervision, usually in a hospital or nursing home. Actions that take place in such settings involve more people, and the resolution of disagreements among them is more likely to require formal rules and means of adjudication. Moreover, patients dying in health care institutions today typically have fewer of the sources of nonmedical support, such as family and church, that once helped people in their final days. Also important, no doubt, are the biomedical developments of the past several decades. Without removing the sense of loss, finality, and mystery that have always accompanied death, these new developments have made death more a matter of deliberate decision. For almost any life-threatening condition, some intervention can now delay the moment of death. Frequent dramatic breakthroughs-insulin, antibiotics, resuscitation, chemotherapy, kidney dialysis, and organ transplantation, to name but a few-have made it possible to retard and even to reverse many conditions that were until recently regarded as fatal. Matters once the province of fate have now become a matter of human choice, a development that has profound ethical and legal implications. Moreover, medical technology often renders patients less able to communicate or to direct the course of treatment. Even for mentally competent patients, other people must usually assist in making treatment decisions or at least acquiesce in carrying them out. Consequently, in recent years there has been a continuing clarification of the rights, duties, and liabilities of all concerned, a process in which professionals, ethical and legal commentators, and-with increasing frequency-the courts and legislatures have been involved. Thus, the Commission found this an appropriate time to reexamine the way decisions are and ought to be made about whether or not to forego life-sustaining treatment. For example, may a patient's withdrawal from treatment ever be forbidden? Should physicians acquiesce in patients' wishes regarding therapy? Should they offer patients the option to forego life-sustaining therapy? Does it make any difference if the treatment has already been started, or involves mechanical systems of life support, or is very costly?

A pioneering work in literary history, this 1900 publication set up a typology for the study of the English novel, identifying the historical, romantic, novel of purpose, and the modern turn-of-the-century novel and showing how the idea of portraying the personality though fiction developed continually over some one hundred fifty years.

The history of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the events that lead to the Revolution, and the analysis and evaluation of the achievements of the Revolution have been the subject of numerous scholarly works. These studies are often quite different, depending on the viewpoint of the writers who come from every political walk of life. For this reason, even on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Revolution, one might be hard pressed to add new elements to the facts or analytical volumes already published. Ironically, however, very little has been written concerning the aftermath of the Hungarian Revolution. No systematic compilation of the legal history of the weeks and months following the Soviet intervention which started the liquidation of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 has been made. The present book will attempt to approach the question of the Hungarian Revolution strictly from the legal aspects and will describe, analyze, and interpret the legal measures introduced during the time between November 4, 1956, and September 27, 1958, when the election of the new Hungarian Parliament was set. Part I consists of a chronological documentation of the foreign and domestic events from February 14, 1956, to October 22, 1956, which lead to the Revolution and the Revolution itself which lasted from October 23, 1956, to November 3, 1956. The inclusion of these historic facts will allow the post-revolutionary events to stand alone without lengthy explanatory remarks. Part II contains an analytical review of measures which help illustrate the violation of international law principles. Part III describes and analyzes post-revolutionary developments of domestic law adopted between November 4, 1956, and the autumn of 1958 when the elections for the new parliament were set. These elections indicated that the measures required for the elimination of most of the achievements of the Revolution were completed.

Cancer is increasingly prevalent in the United States, and the pain associated with it is frequently undertreated. Cancer is diagnosed in over one million Americans annually, and one of five deaths in the United States---about 1,400 per day---results from cancer. Patients with cancer often have multiple pain problems, but in most patients, the pain can be effectively controlled. Nevertheless, undertreatment is common because of a lack of knowledge by clinicians about effective assessment and management, negative attitudes of patients and clinicians toward the use of drugs for pain relief, and a variety of problems related to drug regulations, and the cost of and reimbursement for effective pain management. This guideline was developed by an interdisciplinary panel of clinicians, patients, researchers, and experts in health policy. The guideline provides a synthesis of scientific research and expert judgment to make recommendations on pain assessment and management. Approximately 470 health care professionals and 70 patients were involved either as consultants and peer reviewers or as participants in pilot testing. The Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Cancer Pain was commissioned by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). It follows and makes reference to an earlier guideline on acute pain management after surgery or trauma, also commissioned by AHCPR. The cancer pain guideline includes a section on the management of HIV positive/AIDS---related pain because of similarities in the sources of pain and the management approaches. This guideline is designed to help clinicians understand the assessment and treatment of cancer pain and associated symptoms. It reflects a multimodal approach to the management of pain, and it emphasizes the need for careful and continuous assessment to match interventions to the sources of pain in individual patients.

The airship should solve the problems of speed (it is significantly faster than a tractor and trailer combination); capacity (it could easily be designed to carry a high-density load equivalent to the capacity of several freight cars); economy (its fuel consumption is negligible as compared to that of conventional aircraft); and flexibility (it could allow cargo to be loaded and unloaded in undeveloped areas that are served by nothing more than the equivalent of a pack-trail or logging road). What we are talking about, of course, is the dirigible, or airship. This collection of relatively recent airship patents provides a great deal of inspiration to the designer and inventor. Patents are organized by issue date, which gives a quick chronological view of technical developments in airships.

The A Comprehensive Guide to International Trade Terms will be useful for experienced and novice exporters, bankers, students, and libraries. It provides an alphabetical arrangement of acronyms and their meanings and an alphabetical arrangement of definitions. The dictionary covers international trade and development; international finance; multinational, regional and international organizations; shipping terms; diplomatic language and international agreements; selected statistical and economic terminology; and standards information. The dictionary, which is a useful reference for anyone interested in an accurate understanding of the use of international trade terms, is written in English and includes small amounts of Spanish, French, German and Italian.