Bücher veröffentlicht von VML Verlag Marie Leidorf

The volume contains a foreword, words of welcome, introduction, and 20 papers on "The Nazi-Period in Archaeology and Monument Preservation". Under the general topic of "The Third Reich in archaeology and monument preservation", the articles deal with the [satellite] concentration camps at Dachau, Flossenbürg, Grunskirchen and Lety, the monumental significance of Nazi relics in Austria and Upper Austria in particular, the history of research and methodological considerations on excavations at Nazi sites in Bavaria, contemporary archaeology and ethical and moral behaviour, evaluation of and questions about finds from former Nazi camps, finds from Obersalzberg, euthanasia victims from Hartheim Castle, the RAD camp at Regensburg-Brandlberg, the Lower Bavarian satellite concentration camps, the Nazi find complex at Plattling, a burial site at Blato, South Bohemia, crash sites of American military planes in eastern Austria, relics of the 1939-45 air war, settlements in the Czech border region deserted after 1945, remains of the Regensburg synagogue and excavations in Dachau and Hebertshausen. The book concludes with a bibliography and an index of participants and authors.

In recent decades, there has been an increasing focus on elucidating the details of Christianisation processes in the Roman Empire. While there are several studies dealing with the relationship of war and Christianity in Late Antiquity, there are hardly any works which concentrate on the change in cult practices in the Roman army. The present volume is therefore dedicated to precisely this topic. It traces the development of the Christianisation of the army cult, shows that the area of responsibility of the later soldier-saints was already prefigured in Late Antiquity, and explains why officers still acted as cult functionaries at the end of the 6th century.

This volume is the first final publication of the research projects on Neolithic circular enclosures at FU Berlin. The excavation of the site, discovered in 1989, took place from 1998-2004 as a teaching excavation of the Universities of Bamberg and, since 2000, Würzburg. The book chapters deal with 1) the history and state of research, 2) the site, excavations and surveys, 3) the features, 4) the dating, stratigraphy and distribution of finds, 5) the small finds, 6) flint artefacts, 7) animal bones, 8) the 47th c. B.C. vertical burial and 9) a synthesis in German and English. The location was carefully chosen and staged visual references to extremes of the solar year. Thanks to stratified radiocarbon data, the at least 4-phased, discontinuous use of the site from ca. 4850-4700 B.C. as a generational project and permanent building site was proven, and pottery from the Middle and Late Großgartach and Planig-Friedberg stages was analysed in detail. Daub with impressions of wattle and split timber and smoothed, partly whitewashed outer surfaces originated from the enclosures or buildings. Querns, animal bones and pottery occurred in a highly fragmented and selected state in separate concentrations.

Während im griechischen Kulturraum Heroenkulte florierten, spielten sie in Rom bekanntlich kaum eine Rolle. Der Topos von der "Mythenlosigkeit" Roms gilt grundsätzlich nach wie vor zu Recht als ein zentrales Paradigma römischer religionsgeschichtlicher Forschungen. Die Erzählungen von den exemplarischen Helden der republikanischen Zeit und auch die von den römischen Königen schließen teilweise diese Lücke. In Bildmedien sind allerdings einzig Romulus und Aeneas als Figuren, die in enger Verbindung zu Rom stehen, in nennenswertem Ausmaß präsent. Diverse klassifizierende Begrifflichkeiten, die einer antiken Terminologie entstammen, bieten zwar eine solide Basis, um sich ihrer Bedeutung zu nähern: beide sind reges (Könige), beide conditores (Städtegründer), Aeneas zudem ein trojanischer ¿¿¿¿ / heros (Heros), der schon in den homerischen Epen wichtig ist. Diese erfassen jedoch jeweils nur Teilaspekte ihrer Persönlichkeiten und helfen nicht dabei zu verstehen, welchen eigenen Beitrag Bilder zur Konstruktion dieser Figuren leisteten. Um dem beizukommen, wird das Heroische daher in der Arbeit aufbauend auf Überlegungen, die für die Erforschung desselben im SFB 948 zentral sind, verstanden als Ergebnis von gemeinschaftlichen Zuschreibungen an eine einzelne Heroische Figur". Diese ist also ein Produkt kommunikativer Prozesse und hat mit den essentialistischen Bestimmungen wie durch o.g. Benennungen nichts gemein. Untersucht werden im ersten, bildsemiotischen Teil der Studie, welche Qualitäten es denn sind, die dem Gründer Roms und dem Trojaexilanten vermittels der verschiedenen Ikonografien zugeschrieben werden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die bildlichen Konzeptionen des Augustusforums in Rom, weil diese jeweils sehr stark die weitere Überlieferung prägten. Die nicht mehr erhaltenen kolossalen Skulpturen zeigten Aeneas mit seinem Sohn Ascanius an der Hand und seinem Vater Anchises auf seiner Schulter und Romulus als Träger einer Trophäe, den spolia opima. Gefragt wird nach den Körperbildern, die für die beiden entworfen wurden, ferner danach, wie Objekte als Attribute sie auszeichnen. Sodann geht es um die Handlungsmotive, die dargeboten werden. Im anschließenden zweiten Teil rückt das Spektrum der Bildmedien und die Kommunikation mit ihnen in den Fokus. Ziel ist es zu ergründen, wie durch ein Handeln mit den Objekten als Bildträgern bestimmte Semantiken akzentuiert oder aber eher ausgeblendet werden. Zu den Medien, in welchen sich Bilder von Romulus und / oder Aeneas in relativ großer Zahl finden, gehören etwa statuarische Monumente, republikanische Münzen wie auch solche der sog. Reichsprägung und der Städteprägungen, Gemmen und Glaspasten und Tonlampen. Weiterhin werden archäologisch nachweisbare Verdichtungen von Heldenbildern in einzelnen geografischen Räumen dahingehend untersucht, ob sie tatsächlich von einer gemeinschaftlich getragenen Heraushebung der Heroischen Figur(en) zeugen. Gegenstand der Analyse sind hier die Bilder in der Stadt Rom, in Pompeji, in Südspanien, auf der Nordpeloponnes und in der Troas. Es zeigt sich insgesamt, dass eine Untersuchung der Konstruktionsprozesse der Figuren ein adäquates Mittel ist, um ganz wesentlich ergänzend zum Verständnis des Aeneas und des Romulus in den imperialen visuellen Kulturen und generell zum Heroischen daselbst beizutragen. Das Augustusforum wird in vielerlei Hinsicht als Schlüsselmonument begreifbar, welches bildliche Konzeptionen bot, durch die in der Tat ganz außerordentliche Qualitäten an die beiden herantragen wurden, und welches sie zudem in einer medialen Form vorführte und in Kommunikationszusammenhänge brachte, durch welche diese Semantiken sogar noch angereichert wurden. Die Arbeit lässt die differenzierten Aneignungen dieser Motive und der Figuren im Allgemeinen in bestimmten Medien und Kulturräumen als Prozesse erkenntlich werden, die oftmals ganz dezidiert in Auseinandersetzung mit den heroischen Semantiken geschahen. Und sie leistet schlussendlich auch einen Beitrag zur Erforschung politischer Kommunikation mit Heldengestalten, indem sie insbesondere beleuchtet, in welcher Weise sich Romulus und Aeneas für die religiöse und charismatische Fundierung des Prinzipats nutzbar machen ließen.

The volume presents 20 contributions from two colloquia held as part of the DAAD Southern European Dialogue in Göttingen in June 2022 and Palermo in October 2022 under the direction of the editors and Aurelio Burgio. An introduction by the editors is followed by papers on an overview of demography and archaeology, methods and problems of archaeological proxy data for population dynamics, archaeological demography north and south of the Alps, a diachronic comparison of early populations, three case studies on the demography of Sicily, population estimates for Boeotia, and Attic funeral reliefs as a source for the demography of Athens. Other topics include extra-urban settlement structures and demography, demographic change in Lycia, the research project "Roman Empire of 2000 cities", population numbers and proportions in Republican colonies in Italy, the demography of Roman rural landscapes, the demographic crisis in Early Medieval Northern France, the demography of Halaesa and its surrounding area, the population of Soluntum in the 6th/5th century B.C., and the demography of the Carini Plain in the Late Roman and Byzantine periods.

The remains of an Early to High Medieval settlement with some 4.5 ha in size and massive foundations of a motte and bailey of the Salian era near Friesen-Sand/Eichelberg in the city of Kronach, which was first mentioned as villa cranaha in A.D. 722, are among the most important new finds of the Middle Ages in Upper Franconia. The complex discovered in 1989 and investigated from 1992 to 2023 could be traced back to the time of its first mention thanks to Early Medieval pottery and metal finds that point to an aristocratic elite. A conflagrllation destroyed the wooden manor house around A.D. 1000, as Thietmar von Merseburg also reports for A.D. 1003 on the urbs Crana. The subsequent Stone house with a residential tower and hall was built by Bishop St Otto I of Bamberg in A.D. 1122, according to his vita. In the mid-13th century A.D., the site was abandoned in the course of a road relocation and its prominent name was transferred to the new planned town of Kronach with Rosenberg fortress, making it one of the oldest archaeologically documented German towns. The settlement favour of the site is underlined by the largest collection of Final Neolithic finds from Upper Franconia and Metal Age remains.

Die neue Schriftenreihe des Rostocker Heinrich Schliemann-Instituts für Altertumswissenschaften beginnt mit gesammelten Forschungen des früheren Institutsdirektors über vier Jahrzehnte an der nach 650 v.Chr. von Milet beim heutigen Istria, RO, gegründeten ältesten Stadt des Schwarzmeerraums. Histria bestand ca. 1300 Jahre und wurde niemals überbaut. Der Band enthält Vorworte der Herausgeber und des Verfassers sowie 21 Aufsätze, die sich mit den Ausgrabungen in der Tempelzone, Steingeräten und Dachterrakotten griechischer Zeit, dem Landgut von Histria Pod, Struktur und Funktion des Grabungsmuseums, archaischen Dachterrakotten, Analysen von Grabungsbefunden, griechischen Altären, Traufziegeln mit Reliefmäander, Genitaliendarstellungen am Stadttor, einem Akroter oder Altaraufsatz, einem Dachziegel mit Votivinschrift, frühen Dachterrakotten aus Milet und dem Pontosgebiet, neuen Befunden der Tempelzone, der apollinischen Trias von Histria, Ausgrabungen in der Tempelzone 1990-2009, Palmettenantefixen, Akroteren aus Histria, einem Delphin vom Dachrand und zwei älteren frühgeschichtlichen Fundkomplexen aus der der Tempelzone befassen.The new publication series of the Heinrich Schliemann Institute for Classical Studies at Rostock begins with the collected research of the former director of the institute over four decades on the earliest city in the Black Sea region, founded after 650 B.C. by Miletus near present-day Istria, RO. Histria existed for some 1300 years and was never built over. The volume contains forewords by the editors and the author as well as 21 papers dealing with the excavations in the temple zone, stone implements, and roof terracottas of the Greek period, the rural estate of Histria Pod, the structure and function of the excavation museum, Archaic roof terracottas, analyses of excavation features, Greek altars, eaves tiles with meander reliefs, depictions of genitalia on the city gate, a presumed acroterion or altarpiece, a roof tile with a votive inscription, early roof terracottas from Miletus and the Pontos area, new excavation features from the temple zone, the Apollonian Triad from Histria, excavations in the temple zone in 1990-2009, palmette antefixes, acroteria from Histria, a dolphin from the edge of a roof, and two earlier prehistoric find complexes from the temple zone.

Die Arbeit stellt den 2. Band [vgl. PUA 7] zur ca. 10.000 m² großen, 4-phasigen Siedlung dar. Die dortigen Ausgrabungen lieferten u. a. zahlreiche römisch-kaiserzeitliche Kleinfunde aus Metall, Keramik, Glas, Bein, Lavez und sonstigem Gestein, von denen nun auch die unstratifizierten, aber eingemessenen [Katalog I], die einem Grabungssektor näher zuzuweisenden [Katalog II] sowie die Altfunde aus einer Grube oder einem Brunnen nördlich des N-Tores [Katalog III] vorgelegt werden. Sie zeigen, daß die Siedlung ununterbrochen vom späten 1. bis weit ins 5. Jh. n.Chr. Bestand hatte. Die räumliche Streuung ausgewählter Fundgruppen der Kataloge I-II der mittleren bis späten Kaiserzeit wie Terra Sigillata, Rätische Ware, Reibschüsseln, Teller, Kolbenrandtöpfe und Lavezware sowie Neuzeitliche Ware ist auf acht Karten mit unterlegtem Bebauungsplan dargestellt. Dank seit 2003 andauernder Kiesgewinnung ist das weitgehend siedlungsleere Umfeld der Siedlung bestens bekannt und hat einen Brunnen, eine Feuerstelle und Einfriedungen von Wiesen/Feldern im Osten sowie Pfostenbauten, möglicherweise ein Gehöft aus Wohnhaus und zwei Nebengebäuden, im Nordosten ergeben.The present study is the 2nd volume [cf. PUA 7] on this approximately 10,000 m² large settlement with 4 phases. The excavations there yielded, among other things, numerous small Roman-Imperial finds of metal, pottery, glass, bone, soapstone, and other rocks, of which the ones unstratified but measured [Catalogue I], the ones that can be assigned more precisely to an excavation sector [Catalogue II], and the old finds from a pit or a well north of the north gate [Catalogue III] are now also presented. They show that the settlement existed without interruption from the late 1st to well into the 5th century A.D. The spatial distribution of selected find groups from catalogues I-II of the Middle to Late Imperial period, such as Terra sigillata, Rhaetian ware, mortaria, plates, pots with club-shaped rims, soapstone, as well as Early Modern ware, is plotted in 8 maps with a plan of buildings underneath. Thanks to ongoing gravel extraction since 2003, the largely unsettled surroundings of the settlement are well known and have revealed a well, a hearth, and enclosures of meadows/fields in the east as well as post buildings in the north-east, possibly from a farmstead including a house and two outbuildings.

The cultural and historical significance of the Laurion as well as its exceptional position as one of the major sources of silver, lead and other mineral resources in the eastern Mediterranean since the Early Bronze Age have repeatedly been invoked in numerous publications. In a field such as mining archaeology, scientific progress can only be achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation. With its abundant material remains, the Laurion offers particularly good research conditions for the collaboration between the natural sciences and the humanities. Based on funding by the German Research Foundation [DFG], an international conference on "Ari and the Laurion form Prehistoric to Modern Times" was held in Bochum in November 2019. Speakers form Europe and form Australia presented new research results on Laurion in 23 lectures. Eleven of these are published here, while other contributions are especially written for this volume. Topics address the history of exploration from prehistoric to modern times as well as the entire range of research activities in the Laurion, starting from geoscience and material sciences to history, field archaeology and archaeometallurgy.

Azurite from Wallerfangen/Saar was a highly sought-after commodity, and this blue copper mineral was mined in Wallerfangen in the Roman period, the Middle Ages and modern times. In all periods, azurite from Wallerfangen was primarily used as a blue pigment, for example in wall paintings. After initial excavations especially in the so-called Upper Emilianus tunnel in the 1960s, carried out by the Saarland heritage management agency [Konservatoramt des Saarlandes], Roman mining in Wallerfangen developed into a focus project at the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum. In the 1990s, Prof. Dr. Gerd Weisgerber explored the so-called lower Emilianus tunnel. Between 2003 and 2019, the author - Dr. Gabriele Körlin, the deputy head of the research unit on mining archaeology - investigated the Bruss tunnel over the course of 13 campaigns. The project focused on studying Roman mining and its remains, as well as on the mining technologies used and on the expected level of azurite production. Although these mines only represent a fraction of the area exploited by the Romans in Wallerfangen, numerous insights were gained, amongst others into drift and mining, the tools used, water management and so on. Unusually, water management amongst others involved an overdimensional gullet. The Roman occupation inscription of Emilianus deserves to be stressed, as it forms a unique characteristic of the Wallerfang mining area. Geophysical prospection in the immediate surroundings of the Bruss tunnel supplement the excavations below ground. The present publication showcases the results of the excavations focused on Roman mining archaeology, integrated within the archaeological context of the wider region.

The volume "The horse in the Early and Middle Bronze Age of central Europe: archaeological investigations" traces the beginnings of the special relationship between humans and domesticated horses in central Europe from an archaeological perspective, outlining the social, economic and socio-cultural changes resulting from the keeping and utilisation of horses and the associated social ideas. At a broader level, this study investigates the research history of this topic, loaded as it is with certain assumptions, as well as theoretical and methodological approaches to the archaeological sources. Along the way, numerous controversies are elucidated and assessed anew based on the material studied. The volume begins with a comprehensive survey of the sources for Early and Middle Bronze Age horses [2200-1300 B.C.] between southern Scandinavia and the Carpathians and then analyses their explanatory power, with particular and explicit attention to gaps in the evidence. Using archaeozoological remains, evidence indicating the use of horses, images of horses and horse-related artefacts, such as spoked wheels, domesticated horses are investigated in terms of their earliest keeping, use and social attributions. The analysis section begins with the practicalities of Bronze Age horse keeping, which is a gap in previous research. In addition, the use of equids is looked at from three different perspectives: horses as food and raw material, horses and mobility, and horses and warfare. Finally, the social attributions of horses are investigated based on the themes of horses as prestige objects and horses in a religious context. In particular regarding the uses and attributions of horses, several long-discussed and controversial topics can be critically reflected, such as the question of the early riding of horses [and frequent assumptions connected to this, such as the spread of material culture and language via long-distance migrations on horseback], as well as the allegedly central importance of horses in Early and Middle Bronze Age conflicts and of horses as animals for postulated Bronze Age elites. At many points in the study, it becomes clear that numerous interpretations connected to horses are based on similar mechanisms: on the one hand, back-projections from later periods play a certain role, while on the other hand parts of research are oriented along specific, ready-made narratives. The present study seeks to sketch a counter-narrative to this one-sided view of the past. Overall, the volume offers a comprehensive overview of the economic, social, socio-cultural, profane and religious role of horses in the Early and Middle Bronze Age of central Europe.

Circular enclosures [Kreisgrabenanlagen] or rondels have raised the interest of archeologists for more than a century. During the past two decades they received intensified attention in the media and wider public as "solar observatories" or "calendrical monuments". After conferences at Goseck [2004] and Heldenberg [2005], the time was ripe for another workshop combining recent research with fresh ideas. This took place online in 2022 as part of the research project Constructed Knowledge of Free University Berlin. The present volume contains 21 out of 30 papers presented there. Topics include new hypotheses and research on rondels in general, an overview of the FUB research project, site studies based on excavation, survey, in situ pXRF, experimental reconstruction, and Bayesian modelling at places such as Velm, Hornsburg I, Eggendorf am Walde, Niederleis, Rechnitz, Schletz, Heldenberg [A], Hradec Králové [CZ], Goseck, Kyhna, Quedlinburg I, Ippesheim, Hopferstadt, and in North Rhine-Westphalia [D]. Additionally, there are studies on visual characteristics and orientation patterns of rondels, their aptitude as venues of processions, and on burial customs of the Western Lengyel Culture.

The collection and interpretation of ancient funerary reliefs from Attica can look back on more than a century of research history. For the Archaic period, G.M.A. Richter's compilation remains the standard work, although our knowledge of the period has expanded considerably. So far, the figurative funerary stelae from the remainder of the Greek area have been explained from an "Attic point of view", as simple recipients of examples set in Athens. The present compilation and analysis of the pieces from outside Attica challenges the usefulness of such a centre-periphery model for interpreting Archaic-Greek funerary reliefs as a whole. For example, it is shown that the custom of depicting the deceased on their tombs has its longest pedigree in Crete and the Cyclades, rather than Athens, and was probably inspired by other, non-Greek influences. In contrast to sculpture, possible sources here are found not so much in Egypt, but rather in the Syrian-Hittite area. Notably, the respectively earliest funerary stelae in the different Greek regions appear chronologically close to each other, in the later 7th and early 6th centuries B.C., but independently of each other. In a second phase, spanning roughly the first and second thirds of the 6th century, the earliest figurative funerary monuments in each region are developed further and "local traditions" emerge, whose existence has so far been denied. It is only in a third phase, in the final decades of the 6th and the early 5th centuries, that these local traditions dissolve under the influence of Attica; the centre-periphery model is therefore only applicable to the transitional phase between the Archaic and Classical periods. In contrast, beyond the limits of the Greek areas, neither Attic nor non-Attic Archaic funerary reliefs appear to have had any influence, as illustrated by asides on the so-called Carian-Egyptian stelae and on funerary monuments from the Italic region. In this way, an unrestricted view on sepulchral art in Greece and beyond its borders reveals both the existence of strong regional patterning and the mobility of ideas in Archaic times, thus enriching our view of this period.

The Zurich excavations in Spina [2008-2017] brought to light several settlement phases from the end of the 6th to the end of the 4th century B.C. The present volume is dedicated to the remains of the most recent phase, a house destroyed during a military conflict and its completely preserved inventory of the 4th century B.C. In addition to the evaluation of the architectural remains, the findings are also presented in their entirety, focusing on the so-called utilitarian pottery, which has hardly been considered in research to date. Based on the analysis of the findings, conclusions are drawn about the organisation of the household as well as the consumer behaviour and the social position of the inhabitants. In addition, the function, typological development, method of production, chronological development and origin of the ceramic findings are examined. The investigations in Spina, historically the most important trading centre on the Italian Adriatic coast, have added new data on the material and social network in the Mediterranean to the previously only sparsely documented 4th century B.C. in the Po Valley. Thanks to the excellent preservation conditions and the undisturbed features, the study makes an important contribution to the chronological classification and typological development of Etruscan pottery and the settlement system of this period.

This volume is dedicated to the archaeologist and monument conservator Manfred Schneider and contains 2 forewords and 31 papers. These deal with the Scandinavian saint Olaf at Norwich, High Medieval timbers from Bremen, the Castle Hill at Lübeck, wooden rods in graves, painted earthenware with labels, the creation of building areas in Hamburg, dendrodates from Brunswick, the wooden church of Alt Lübeck, skin trade at Lemgo, the excavation Lübeck-Mengstraße LV, the cathedral at Münster, exotic goods from Stralsund and the communication of science at Lübeck. Other topics are an early profane stone building at Brandenburg, historical city landscapes, a gateau of 1942, Lübeck and the "Bristol Story", Luther's doctrine in private houses at Lüneburg, the infrastructure at Constance, the first shipwreck at Lübeck, the storehouse at Lübeck-Untertrave 98, the city archaeology of Ulm, the fruit farm Semiramis at Lübeck, a stone building on the River Trave, archaeology in the countryside around Lübeck, Medieval viticulture in Cologne, Wissembourg in Alsace, Medieval timber cellars at Deventer, the farmyard of St. Mary at Lemgo, Herford Abbey, and the rise of Visby.

Bereits im 19. Jahrhundert begann der Braunkohleabbau in Form von Kleinstbetrieben im Bereich der Ville, welcher die archäologischen Bodendenkmäler im Braunkohlegebiet unwiderruflich zerstörte. Zuvor erfolgten weitreichende Untersuchungen, die das Rheinische Braunkohlerevier zu den besterforschten Regionen Europas machte.Die natürlichen Ressourcen der Lössbörden in der Niederrheinischen Bucht wurden seit je her von Menschen genutzt. Die hohe Bodengüte bildete die Grundlage für das Entstehen von Siedlungen seit dem Neolithikum und wirkte als kultureller Motor der Region. Die gute archäologische Überlieferungslage führte in der Vergangenheit zu archäologischen Forschungsarbeiten, die eine flächendeckend aufgesiedelte Landschaft seit der Bronzezeit im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier suggerierten. Grundlegend wurde davon ausgegangen, dass die Kombination aus verschiedenartigen archäologischen Relikten in einem bestimmten Umkreis (Radius 100 Meter) zu verbindlichen Siedlungsstellen zusammengefasst werden könnten. Präferenzen zum Standort einer Siedlung ließen sich nicht erkennen. Eine Siedlung ist jedoch mehr als die bloße Aneinanderreihung von sichtbaren archäologischen Relikten. Es gibt eine Ebene, die von Archäologen*innen lediglich erahnt wird, jedoch materiell nicht greifbar ist.In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Datenlage zu metallzeitlichen Siedlungen im Braunkohlerevier vervielfacht. Fußend auf den neuen Forschungsergebnissen und unter Zuhilfenahme archäologischer Theorieansätze von L. De Rouw und J. E. Yellen, wurde ein alternativer Interpretationsansatz zu Verteilungsmustern von Siedlungen in einer der am dichtesten beobachteten Fundlandschaften Mitteleuropas erarbeitet, der das zuvor postulierte Bild wiederlegt.

This study investigates the cemetery of the Lusatian Culture at Müllrose, site 2, near Frankfurt an der Oder including its surroundings within a radius of 20 km in the North German-Polish upper moraine belt. It formed an anchor point in the ritual landscape of Eastern Brandenburg with its unfortified settlements during some 400 years from the 12th to 9th century B.C. [Bz D-Ha C1] and was only re-occupied in the 3rd century B.C.. Apart from ritual zones, seven burial groups can be localised. There is evidence for parallel economic circles for the living and the dead in resources such as space, wood, clay, and stones. The number of individuals of each demographic subgroup attests that all the deceased of the burying communities were actually deposited within the cemetery. The exclusive burial mode was cremation with pine wood at temperatures of 550-750 C. After this, specimens of all important body parts and cremated personal goods were selected and piled up in an anatomically correct order from feet to head in urns or urn-less grave pits. The division of cremated remains within a grave is also documented. The abandonment of the cemetery coincided with other disruptions of the Early Iron Age.

Der dritte Band der Serie legt die vom Autor mit Stefan Allerbauer im March-Thaya-Dreieck im Nordwesten Niederösterreichs gesammelten Oberflächenfunde vor, die sich heute im Landesmuseum Niederösterreich befinden, und vereint diese mit dem in zahllosen Fundmeldungen verstreuten Bestand. Dieses einzigartige Kompendium erlaubt die umfassende Darstellung der Siedlungsgeschichte der Region. Diese bildete nicht nur einen Abschnitt des großen transkontinentalen Fernhandelsweges der "Bernsteinstraße", sondern auch eine strategisch bedeutende Transitroute und Aufmarschroute auf mitteleuropäischer Ebene. Andererseits ist die Kompilation ein unschätzbares Nachschlagewerk zur Bestimmung von Funden und ihrer kulturell-chronologischen Kontexte im Sinne einer wahrlich "internationalen Archäologie". Im Bestand finden sich 361 Fibeln der Gruppen Almgren VII und VI, hybride Formen aus Verbindungen der Gruppen VI 1-2 sowie Weiterentwicklungen daraus [insg. Typen 41-61]. Es folgt eine Erfassung nach den Siedlungsbereichen Hametbach/Thaya und March, gefolgt von einigen frühmittelalterlichen Bügelfibeln und Vogelfibeln.The third volume of the series combines the surface finds collected by the present author together with Stefan Allerbauer in the Morava Thaya Triangle in the north-west of Lower Austria, which are deposited in the Lower Austrian State Museum [Landesmuseum Niederösterreich] today, with the specimens scattered in countless find reports. This unique compendium allows for a comprehensive settlement history of the region. The area did not only form a section of the large trans-continental long-distance trading route of the "Amber Road", but also a strategically significant transit and deployment route on a Central European scale. On the other hand, this compilation is an invaluable reference book for the identification of finds and their cultural and chronological context in the sense of a truly "International Archaeology". The catalogue comprises 361 fibulae of groups Almgren VII and VI, hybrid forms combined from groups VI 1-2, and further developments derived from these [Almgren Types 41-61 altogether]. This is followed by an overview of two distinct settlement zones, Hametbach/Thaya and Morava, followed by some Early Medieval bow and bird brooches.

The volume contains 11 papers presented at the 40th archaeological conference of Lower Bavaria in 2022, a foreword, a bibliography, and a list of authors. The contributions deal with graves with Stroke-Ornamented Pottery at Straubing-Lerchenhaid [Bosze], archaeological finds from flood control structures between Pfelling and Waltendorf [Riegg/Hornung], new evidence from the urnfield at Kelheim [Zuber], an urnfield cemetery and Hallstatt settlement area with fortified farmstead at Straßkirchen [Husty/Cichy], the Hallstatt fortified farmstead at Essenbach - Josef-Neumeier-Allee [Richter] and the daub with botanical and architectural imprints found there [Fries-Knoblach], the complex of Hallstatt fortified farmsteads at Landshut-Hascherkeller [Denk/Posselt/Reitmaier], the large fortified Hallstatt farmstead at Eichendorf-Ost as a possible central place within the Vils valley [Eibl/Dupper/Lorenz], 44 years of geophysical surveys of Hallstatt fortified settlements in Lower Bavaria [Stele/Linck/Faßbinder], the Early Baiuvarian cemetery at Bad Füssing-Würding [Spieleder], and archeological investigations of old buildings at Reisach, Markt Hengersberg [Häck].

The famous ancient philologist of Göttingen University and founding father of classical archaeology and ancient history Müller [28/08/1797 Brieg-01/08/1840 Athens] toured Greece in the four last months of his life, together with Neise, Ernst Curtius, and Gustav Adolf Schöll. During this journey, Neise produced high-quality drawings of recently found and previously unseen ancient sculpture and authentic Greek landscapes that no longer exist today. Years of tedious research were spent with the classification, arrangement, and inventory of the images, visits to the sites in the countryside, and the compilation of the relevant contemporaneous texts. The drawings were already on display in exhibitions from 1997 to 2002 but are published in print for the first time here. The book contains two forewords, biographies of all travel companions, an overview of routes and sites, Müller's and Neise's diaries, Neise's report on Müller's work at Delphi, Curtius's and Schöll's descriptions of Müller's disease and passing as well as a catalogue and plates with Neise's drawings. The volume is dedicated to the memory of the longtime secretary of the Göttingen Archaeological Institute, Monika Awad [1956-2022].

This volume dedicated to Joris Peters on the occasion of his 65th birthday contains a bibliography, a foreword, greetings, eulogies, an author's list and 25 papers. These deal with Copper Age cattle and conservatism in Anatolia, late hunter-gatherers and early farmers in Brandenburg, Iron Age animal figurines from Dülük Baba Tepesi, molluscs in the El Argar culture, foxes in Upper Mesopotamia, Latin veterinary medical recipes, faunal remains from Copper Age Anatolia and Neolithic Turkey, caponisation in Early Modern times, the excavation, collection and preservation of human skeletons, camel remains from the Near East, Arabia, and Europe, animals bones in Egyptian texts, pre-Ptolemaic animal mummies from Tuna el-Gebel, the absence of freshwater pearls from Bronze and Iron Age southern Central Europe, the question of working cattle in the Rössen culture, the ageing of rat bones, animal bones in Roman burials from Potzneusiedl, the development of goat exploitation at Tell Halula, Roman angling and fishing in the zone north of the Alps, rickets and osteomalacia in animals, a Roman horse skeleton, nutrition in Bronze Age Yemen, and Medieval molluscs from Ecuador.

The so-called Greek colonisation has long been a very controversially discussed field in Ancient Studies. In recent years, a large part of the dispute has particularly concentrated on the applicability of colonial conceptions to these migration processes, which has pushed fundamental questions - such as the reasons for emigration - into the background. The present volume re-centres interest on the question of the diverse triggers for the Greek settlement of southern Italy and Sicily. Building on models derived from historical and sociological migration research, the westward movements of Greek groups and individuals are identified as migrations and connected to a concept of resources as means for establishing, perpetuating and changing social units within the framework of culturally influenced interaction, as first developed by the SFB 1070 RESSOURCENKULTUREN at Tübingen. On the basis of published archaeological information and with the aid of written sources, the volume first examines the initial situation in the origin and destination areas. The analysis of material and immaterial resources then forms the core of the book. Access to them either had a decisive influence on positive decisions to migrate or, in contrast to earlier ideas, played only a minor role. For example, it becomes clear that characterisations of Greek apoikiai as planned "agrarian colonies" and/or bases for the export of raw materials to the Greek core territory are misleading. Rather, we have to think in terms of longer-lasting and developing settlement processes which followed very diverse sets of motivations. Especially activities connected to the increase or re-gaining of social prestige and status were of crucial importance; this was entirely independent of whether the actors involved were seafaring elites or mobile potters. A further important factor are locally divergent contacts to the already resident Italic or Sicilian populations, which cannot be adequately described with reference to primarily ethnically defined lines of conflict. Thus, the present volume on the one hand offers a migration-centred perspective on the origins of Greek relocations to Sicily and southern Italy, and on the other hand emphasises the intricacy and the processual character of the establishment of Greek settlements on new, but not foreign territory.

La Bourgogne méridionale, située entre Dijon et Lyon, compte parmi les régions paléolithiques les plus importantes de France depuis les travaux pionniers du XIXe siècle vers la roche de Solutré. Cependant, la région située entre la Saône et la Loire est longtemps restée dans l'ombre d'autres espaces, comme la Dordogne ou l'Ardèche. Sous la direction d'Harald Floss, la Bourgogne du Sud a pu devenir, au cours des 25 dernières années, une région de référence du Paléolithique européen grâce à des recherches continues. Avec plus de 50 contributions de chercheurs de renommée internationale, le présent ouvrage de 860 pages richement illustré est un jalon indispensable de la recherche paléolithique dans l'est de la France et l'expression centrale de ces longues années d'études. Des contributions de résultats importants provenant de régions voisines, comme le Jura, la Haute-Saône ou le Beaujolais, complètent l'éventail des travaux. D'un point de vue chronologique, la phase de transition entre les derniers Néandertaliens et le premier Homo sapiens à venir en Europe est au premier plan de l'intérêt. Située sur l'axe central des fleuves Rhin, Saône et Rhône qui traversent l'Europe, la zone de travail se trouve à la charnière entre l'Europe centrale, méridionale et occidentale. La région se caractérise par une densité inhabituelle d'ossements de Néandertaliens, qui sont analysés dans cette publication de manière aussi détaillée que la question de la transition immédiate entre le Paléolithique moyen et le Paléolithique supérieur, avec l'étude du MtA, du Châtelperronien et de l'Aurignacien. Outre des contributions sur la géologie, la géomorphologie, le paléo-environnement et la pertinence de la cartographie des sites, un point fort de l'ouvrage est consacré aux études lithiques, les analyses de matières premières intégrant la région dans un réseau plus large. Le Gravettien présente un ensemble de sites particulièrement dense, où nous pouvons reconnaître un modèle systématique d'utilisation de l'espace. Enfin, les expressions symboliques avec la parure et l'art constituent un point fort particulier. Les découvertes de l'art pariétal paléolithique à Rully et de l'exemplaire unique d'une cuillère en ivoire décorée de Saint-Martin-sous-Montaigu, dans la tradition technologique des célèbres figurines en ivoire du Jura souabe, sont par exemple d'une importance suprarégionale. Dans sa systématique méthodique, la présente publication sert sans aucun doute de guide pour montrer comment des régions moins bien étudiées peuvent entrer au centre d'intérêt.

The religious transformation of Late Antiquity is one of the most influential phenomena of its time. While there is no doubt regarding the importance of religious change, its precise impact on Late Antique life is far from obvious. This is illustrated by the development in Late Antique celebration culture, investigated in this book. The transformation from a pagan celebration culture to one shaped by Christianity was in no way smooth. In particular, the lasting success of individual pagan festivities remains to be explained. Dealing with this problem is a central focus of the present volume. Based on the investigation of local celebration practices in important metropoles of the Late Antique Roman Empire, this study raises central questions concerning the development of pagan traditions in the context of the increasing influence of Christianity: which mechanisms and factors determined the fate of pagan celebrations? In how far did local peculiarities influence the persistence of traditional feast days? How can we explain the sometimes heterogeneous development of some pagan feasts - from rapid disappearance to continued persistence - and where were the limits of religious change? Tackling these questions promises not only a better understanding of pagan celebration culture in Late Antiquity, but also of the religious transformations of this period more generally.

This volume of the Materialhefte zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte presents the results of a long-running archaeological excavation in the Lichtenstein cave near Osterode am Harz [Germany, state of Lower Saxony, district of Göttingen]. Based on the extensive finds assemblage, which amongst others comprises numerous remains of pottery vessels and more than 200 bronze objects, the site can be dated to the 10th-9th centuries B.C. and thereby to a younger part of the Urnfield Period. Particularly important for Urnfield Period research is the assemblage of more than 4.000 unburnt human bones, found in the cave without anatomical connection. Based on extensive aDNA analysis, these skeletal elements could be assigned to 57 individuals, 42 of whom form a biological kinship group spanning 4-5 generations and comprising four genetically closely related family units. The amount and composition of the human bone assemblage, alongside further indications, leave little doubt that the Lichtenstein cave bone material is the result of the secondary deposition of selected skeletal elements, and that the cave therefore functioned as a family tomb for almost a century. This is the first time that a regular multi-stage burial custom, practised over a longer period of time and involving secondary burial in a cave, has been documented for the Urnfield Period. In addition, the rich finds assemblage and the numerous features from Lichtenstein cave provide detailed insights into the accompanying funerary rites and the beliefs of the cave's Urnfield Period users that significantly expand our understanding. The results of the extensive scientific analyses, amongst others focusing on the human and animal bone and the botanic macroremains, as well as the results of isotopic investigations, will be published shortly in a subsequent volume.

Anläßlich mehrerer Jubiläen der Archäologischen Sammlung und der Klassischen Archäologie der Universität Zürich fand die Sonderausstellung "Exekias hat mich gemalt und getöpfert? statt, zu deren Rahmenprogramm eine Tagung gehörte, deren Begleitband hier vorgelegt wird. Er ist dem Andenken John Robert Guys [1949-2020] gewidmet und enthält eine Einleitung, 15 Aufsätze und eine Bibliographie. Die Beiträge befassen sich mit Meisterschaftsfragen, Nachträgen zum ?uvre des Exekias, seiner hohen Kunstfertigkeit und ihrem Nachwirken, Exekias Bezug zur Gruppe E von Locri Epizefiri, seinen Amphoren aus Orvieto im Allgemeinen und im University of Pennsylvania Museum im Besonderen, Achill und seinen Gefährten auf der Amphora Philadelphia MS 3442, dem heroischen Genre als Mittel zur Charakterisierung am Beispiel der Amphore Vatikan 344, dem Alltag von Heroen ausgehend von Exekias' Brettspielervase, Achill und Ajax beim Spiel, den Anfängen des Thiasos, Schildzeichen im Werk des Meisters, Exekias und dem Volutenkrater, töpferischen und ikonographischen Neuerungen bei Gruppe E und Exekias sowie Exekias Umfeld am Beispiel des Mastos-Malers und seiner Gruppe.To celebrate several anniversaries related to the Archaeological Collection and the subject of Classical Archaeology at Zurich University the temporal exhibition "Exekias painted and made me? was held. In this context an international conference took place, the proceedings of which are published here. It is dedicated to the memory of John Robert Guy [1949-2020] and contains an introduction, 15 papers, and a bibliography. The contributions deal with questions of mastery, additions to Exekias' ?uvre, his supreme art and its afterlife, Exekias' relation with Group E at Locri Epizefiri, his amphoras from Orvieto in general and at the University of Pennsylvania Museum in particular, Achilles and his companions on the amphora Philadelphia MS 3442, the heroic genre as a means of characterisation by the example of amphora Vatican 344, the everyday life of heroes as shown by Exekias' board game players, Achilles and Ajax at play, the beginnings of the thiasos, shield signs on Exekias' vessels, Exekias and the volute krater, innovations as to pottery and iconography by Group E and Exekias, as well as Exekias' surroundings by the example of the Mastos Painter and his group.

Als die Mitarbeiter*innen der Archäologischen Denkmalpflege des Landkreises Cuxhaven in den 1990er-Jahren an der Wurt Fallward einen Bestattungsplatz der späten Römischen Kaiserzeit bis Völkerwanderungszeit entdeckten, ahnten diese nicht, auf welch einzigartige Funde sie im Marschboden stoßen würden: nämlich Särge mit den sterblichen Überresten der in ihrer Kleidung und mit Schmuck bestatteten Menschen und zahllose, beinahe vollkommen unversehrte Beigaben aus Holz. Gräber und Funde gewähren heute einen beispiellosen Einblick in das Leben und Sterben unserer Vorfahren aus den hiesigen Nordseemarschen vor mehr als 1.600 Jahren. Die Fotos in diesem Buch beleuchten in besonderer Weise noch deutlich sichtbare Herstellungs- und zahllose Gebrauchsspuren sowie kunstvolle Verzierungen der Beigaben.When employees of the heritage management service for the district of Cuxhaven discovered a Late Roman to Migration Period cemetery near the wurt Fallward in the 1990s, they could not have known how exceptional the finds from the marshy ground would be: coffins with the remains of people buried in their clothing and jewellery and countless wooden grave goods which were almost entirely undamaged. Today, these burials and finds provide unparalleled insights into the lives and death of our ancestors living in the local North Sea marshes more than 1600 years ago. The photographs in this volume particularly illustrate the clearly visible production marks and the numerous use wear traces, as well as the elaborate decoration of the grave goods.

Die Antike kannte nicht nur ein Bild oder nur eine Idee von der Gestalt Alexanders des Großen. Im Gegenteil: Kaum eine andere historische Figur der Antike erwies sich bereits für die Zeitgenossen als so divergent, umstritten und buchstäblich vielgestaltig. Diese Vielgestaltigkeit sucht die Monographie durch eine kritische Vorlage der Darstellungen Alexanders des Großen zu erfassen, die trümmerhafte Überlieferung neu zu ordnen und für die kulturgeschichtliche Analyse nutzbar zu machen. Hierfür werden nicht nur die rundplastischen Bildwerke berücksichtigt, sondern auch konsequent andere Medien einbezogen: die Münzprägung, großformatige Monumente wie Weihgeschenke sowie die literarische und epigraphische Überlieferung. Ein entscheidendes Ergebnis stellt die Feststellung dar, dass die Figur Alexanders des Großen in unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen entweder als göttlich oder heroisch imprägnierter Übermensch, als energischer, aber potentiell nahbarer Feldherr, oder aber als mythologische Figur mit paradigmatischer Bedeutung neu inszeniert werden konnte. Diese unterschiedlichen Konzeptualisierungen werden auf der Grundlage der hochgradig divergierenden Bildnisentwürfe zwischen dem Hellenismus, der römischen Kaiserzeit sowie der Spätantike erarbeitet, sowohl historisch als auch kulturgeschichtlich rekontextualisiert, und dabei insbesondere nach der Rolle der Akteure, welche die Bilder jeweils kommissionierten, gefragt. Diese Perspektive steht einer traditionellen Vorstellung vom Alexanderbild entgegen, bei der bislang eine eher selektive Wahrnehmung unter Bevorzugung der lebenszeitlichen Bildnisse Alexanders überwog. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass man sich zu verschiedenen Zeiten, an verschiedenen Orten, und in unterschiedlichen politischen und kulturellen Zusamenhängen divergierende Bilder vom Makedonenherrscher schuf, die in ihrer spezifischen Ikonographie auch spezifische Vorstellungen von der Figur Alexanders des Großen reflektieren. Diese Figurationen Alexanders in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten verdeutlichen die Präferenzen der aufstellenden Akteure. Gerade für die Kaiserzeit kann gezeigt werden, dass Alexander auch visuell eher als mythologische, und weniger als historiographische Figur inszeniert wurde. Auf den daraus erarbeiteten Ergebnissen fußt die abschließende Analyse der visuellen Imitatio Alexandri, die bildliche Nachahmung des Makedonenkönigs in unterschiedlichen historischen und kulturellen Zusammenhängen während des Hellenismus.Antiquity did not know only one image or only one idea of the figure of Alexander the Great. On the contrary, hardly any other historical figure of antiquity proved to be so divergent, controversial and literally multiform for contemporaries. The monograph seeks to grasp this diversity through a critical presentation of the representations of Alexander the Great, to reorganise the deleterious survivals and to make them useful for cultural-historical analysis. For this purpose, not only the round sculptures are taken into account, but also other media are consistently included: the coinage, large-scale monuments such as votives in greek sanctuaries, as well as the literary and epigraphic tradition. A decisive result is the finding that the figure of Alexander the Great could be restaged in different contexts either as a divinely or heroically impregnated being, as an energetic but potentially approachable general, or as a mythological figure with paradigmatic significance. These different conceptualisations will be elaborated on the basis of the highly divergent portrait designs between Hellenism, the Roman imperial period as well as Late Antiquity, recontextualised both historically and in terms of cultural history, and in particular asked about the role of the actors who commissioned the images in each case. This perspective counters a traditional conception of the image of Alexander, in which a rather selective perception has predominated up to now, with a preference for the lifetime portraits of Alexander. The study shows that divergent images of the Macedonian ruler were created at different times, in different places and in different political and cultural contexts, and that their specific iconography also reflects specific ideas of the figure of Alexander the Great. These figurations of Alexander in different cultural contexts illustrate the preferences of the actors who created them. For the imperial period in particular, it can be shown that Alexander was also visually staged as a mythological rather than a historiographical figure. The final analysis of the visual Imitatio Alexandri, the pictorial imitation of the Macedonian king in different historical and cultural contexts during the Hellenistic period, is based on the results obtained.

Der Tagungsband zur gleichnamigen 1. Internationalen Tagung vom 19.-21.03.2018 an der FU Berlin enthält ein Vorwort, eine theoretische Einleitung zur Periodisierung [Schier] sowie 13 Aufsätze. Diese befassen sich mit der Einführung von Eisen in Alter Welt [Lehnhardt] und Nordeurasien [Koryakova, Kuzminykh], dem Wechsel von Bronze zu Eisen in Mitteleuropa im Hinblick auf eine neue Periode, ein neues Metall und möglicherweise neue Werte [Pare], griechischen Daten und revidierten Chronologien auf der Grundlage des historischen und archäologischen Kontexts der C14-Daten von Sindos [Gimatzidis], der Chronologie der SBZ / FEZ auf der Iberischen Halbinsel 1200-600 v.Chr. [Mederos Martín], dem Übergang Bronzezeit / Eisenzeit in Nordeuropa [Kneisel], östlichem Baltikum [Sperling, Lang], zentralrussischer Taiga [Syrovatko], nördlicher Schwarzmeerzone [Kashuba], Westbalkan und Zentralbalkan [Gavranovic] sowie östlichem Karpathenbecken [Gogâltan], mit den Chronologien der Koban-Kultur und ihrer Bedeutung für die Konstruktion überregionaler Zeithorizonte in der nordkaukasischen FEZ [Reinhold] sowie mit der Periodisierung bronzezeitlicher Fundstellen in Südosteuropa [Bochkarev].The proceedings of the first conference under the same title from 19th-21st March 2018 at Freie Universität Berlin contains a foreword, a theoretical introduction on periodisation [Schier], and 13 papers. These deal with the introduction of iron in the Old World [Lehnhardt] and in Northern Eurasia [Koryakova, Kuzminykh], the bronze/iron transition in Central Europe with regard to a new period, a new metal, and possibly new values [Pare], Greek dates and revised chronologies based on the historical and archaeological context of the radiocarbon dates from Sindos [Gimatzidis], the chronology of the LBA / EIA in the Iberian Peninsula 1200-600 B.C. [Mederos Martín], the transition from BA to IA in Northern Europe [Kneisel], the Eastern Baltic [Sperling, Lang], the Central Russian forest zone [Syrovatko], the northern Black Sea Region [Kashuba], the Western and Central Balkans [Gavranovic], and the Eastern Carpathian Basin [Gogâltan], the chronologies of the Koban Culture and their importance for the construction of supraregional chronological horizons in the North Caucasian EIA [Reinhold] as well as the periodisation of BA sites in South-Eastern Europe [Bochkarev].