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INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.0 Introduction The root of 'Crime and Punishment' is a dynamic societal problem that dates back to the dawn of humanity. The use of violence against one's person or the kidnapping of one's female were possibly the two earliest documented crimes in an age when society was simple and crimes were few. However, as the world has changed over the last half-century, a slew of new crimes have arisen, although existing ones have remained largely unchanged. Crime has grown to such proportions that it now poses a serious threat to our way of life. Almost every country is seeing a spike in crime. Statistics on the incidence of crime in India show that crime is on the rise and that it is contributing to overcrowding in prisons. According to the National Crime Records Bureau's (NCRB, 2017) Prison Statistics, Indian prisons are overcrowded, as they have been in previous years. The occupancy ratio was 115.1 percent, which means that 115 people were crammed into a space that could only hold 100 people. The detention of undertrials is a major cause of traffic congestion. Due to delays in court appearances or criminal investigation, some under-trials are held in jail for longer periods of time than they should be required to serve. According to some private reports, the under-trials were disproportionately, Imprisonment has a negative impact on people's wellbeing, particularly if they are later found innocent,