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In the literature international liquidity is most often defined as including international reserves (gold, SDRs, foreign exchange and claims on the IMF) and international credit facilities (IMF drawing rights, EEC support arrangements and central bank multilateral and bilateral credit facilities).

With this method of examination of the small intestine, the contrast fluid is administered via an infusion directly into the duodenum instead of orally. The infusion method has added a new dimension to the radiological examination of the small intestine.

OBJECT The object of this investigation is to establish on basis of the results and complications of saphenous vein bypass grafting (briefly termed bypass surgery): - reliable indications for this operation;

Conspectus.- Aegyptus.- Africa Merid. (S.A.).- America Sept. (U.S.A.).- Argentina.- Australia.- Austria.- Belgica et Luxemburgia.- Bolivia.- Brasilia.- Britannia.- Bulgaria.- Canada.- Chili.- Colombia.- Cuba.- Cyprus.- Dania.- Finlandia.- Gallia (la France).- Germania.- Graecia.- Helvetia.- Hibernia (Eire).- Hispania.- Hollandia.- Hong-Kong.- Hungaria.- India.- Iran.- Iraq.- Israelia.- Italia.- Japonica.- Jugo-Slavia.- Korea Meridionalis.- Lebanon.- Marocco.- Mexico.- Nortvegia.- Nova Zealandia.- Pakistan.- Peru.- Philippinae.- Polonia.- Portugallia.- Romania.- Svecia.- Syria.- Taiwan (Formosa).- Thailand.- Tsecho-Slovakia.- Tunesia.- Turcia.- Venezuela.- Acta Periodica ad ophthalmologiam pertinentia.- Advertisements, Annonces, Anuncios.

Our knowledge of the diseases of the small intestine has increased greatly since the second world war. diseases with local, usually rather gross mucosal abnormalities: leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma;

The fifteen papers comprising this book were chosen out of the sixty-one contributions to the Symposium and Section on Social Systems held in the context of the Fourth International Congress of Cybernetics and Systems (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 21-25 August, 1978).

39 Medical sociology, on the other hand, is only beginning to be perceived as an established partner in medical education.

* They have been trained to create, to organize new data structures, new programs. If we examine the curriculum of courses for beginning or for experienced data processing personnel, we find in fact that training concentrates exclusively on program design and data file organization, to the detriment of modification and development.

1. General background to the problem.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Historical evolution of the problem.- 2. Analysis by country of city-centre policy.- 2.1. Germany.- 2.2. Belgium.- 2.3. Denmark.- 2.4. France.- 2.5. Ireland.- 2.6. Italy.- 2.7. Luxemburg.- 2.8. The Netherlands.- 2.9. The United Kingdom.- 3. Synthesis of the problems of the city centres.- 3.1. Physical image.- 3.2. The effect of expansion of the office sector.- 3.3. The economics of land and its impact in city centre renovation.- 3.4. City centre residents.- 3.5. Transportation.- 3.6. Protection of monuments and sites.- 3.7. The urban environment.- 4. Different approaches to the problem.- 4.1. A typology of city centres.- 4.2. A search for solutions.- 4.3. Judicial and administrative means.- 4.4. The role of the international organizations.- 5. Policy objectives.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Policies.- 6. Recommendations for the short term.- 6.1. A conference on a European policy for improving the inner-city environment.- 6.2. Seminars on particular problems of city centres.- 6.3. Privileged enterprises.- 6.4. European pilot-projets for improvement of the environment of inner cities.- 7. Proposals for studies.- 7.1. Study of the supply and demand for office space on a community-wide basis.- 7.2. Working group for land use policy.- 7.3. Study of the application of master planning.

The main contribution we intend to make in this book is the development of a system oj concepts on control and coordination in industrial organizations which can be used in the design of organizational control structures such as planning systems, information systems or relations between positions or departments.

For the last five ofthose years I have held ajob which has been much concerned with the problems which managers face under these cir cumstances, and I have been in the position to discuss these pro blems with people doing similar jobs in other large organisations, who have in turn often asked me for advice on their problems.

When plotting the ob served pairs (x l' YI)' (x ' Y2)' . , (x , Y n) into a diagram with x 2 n measured along the horizontal axis and y along the vertical axis it rarely occurs that all points lie on a straight line. Generally, no b 1 and b exist such that Yi = b + b x for i = 1,2, .

In the first part, comprising Chapters One to Four, an examination of historical and contemporary models of population growth led to the decision to study changes in fertility by means of a biological micro simulation model.

This area was given particular atten tion, firstly, because the relatively high percentage of materials l:osts (the value of materials and cost of supervision) in the total production costs off ered the possibility of considerable cost reductions and liquidity improvem ents;

1. Population, politics and policy.- 1.1. On Method.- 1.2. Population Policy.- 1.3. Migration.- 2. Population, power and the state.- 2.1. Total Population and the Power Inventory.- 2.2. Population Density, Social Organization and Power.- 2.3. Population, Production and the Dependency Burden.- 2.4. Population Optima.- 2.5. Population and Economic Development.- 2.6. Population and Power.- 3. Population and war.- 3.1. Population and the Causation of War.- 3.2. The Malthusian Explanation.- 3.3. Some Hypotheses on Population and War.- 3.4. Population Growth and Density, Resources and Subsistence: Man-Land Relationships and Their Relevance for the Study of War.- 3.5. Crowding, Social Pathology and Aggression.- 3.6. Population Growth, Domestic Conflict and War.- 3.7. Demographic Consequences of War.- 3.8. Human Losses and the Termination of Conflict.- 3.9. Conflict and Catastrophic Population Decline.- 3.10. The Causation of War: A Review of the Hypotheses.- 3.11. Does War Have a Demographic Function?.- 3.12. Population, Aggression and the State.- 4. Population, social morphology and international relations.- 4.1. The Regulation of Human Populations.- 4.2. The Perception of Population Trends.- 4.3. Population and Collective Action.- 4.4. Population and Future International Politics.- References.

I am also grateful to Melvin Greenhut, David Houston, Tatsuhiko Kawashima, Asatoshi Maeshiro, William Miernyk, Josephine Olson, Peter Nijkamp and Harry Richardson who read and critically re viewed earlier manuscripts.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the alternative growth paths open to a region under various policies designed to control the growth oftour ism.

Proceedings of the Second European Population Seminars, The Hague/Brussels

This book is the product of research which I undertook for my doc­ toral thesis. The project was started whilst I was at the Free Univer­ sity of Amsterdam, and the State University of Groningen gave me ample opportunity to complete the work. At both universities I was lucky enough to find kind colleagues who were willing to perform my teaching tasks, enabling me to spend much of my time some of on my research. I should like to thank Wietze Boomsma, Kees van den Hoeven and Jan Oosterhaven for their kind help. I was also most encouraged to discover several students at both institutions who were interested in the research topic. This meant that some research could be performed with their co-operation, which proved most stimulating. Harry ter Braak and Henk van Metelen were especially enthusiastic helpers. During the initial stage of research, Fons Bertens did a great deal of meticulous work, with never a com­ plaint. In the final stages, Arend Stemerding helped me greatly. The completed manuscript was read by Nol Merkies and Peter Nijkamp, who had some helpful comments on the contents. Pro­ fessor Nijkamp succeeded in stimulating me during the research by his interest in the project and subsequent edifying discussions. Several persons helped to type the manuscript, but Yvonne van Tuyl took the lion's share, typing a perfect final copy in record time.

The ideas of this book originate from a research group at the Department of Economics in Gothenburg working with the problem of "Relations between Physical and Economic Planning". The research was financed by grants from the Swedish Council for Building Research. Among all the persons, who from time to time were associated to the project group, the author wishes to express his particular thanks to Ph.D. Rune Jungen, Ph.D.Johan L6nnroth and M.A.Lars Andersson. c' This book is also my doctoral dissertation for which professor Ake E. Andersson has acted as supervisor. It has been a privilege for me to have him as my supervisor. I have benefited a great deal from a professional as well as a personal point of view. There are other members of the Department of Economics to whom I am indebted. Professor Harald Dickson was a close reader of my last drafts. The help I got from Ph.D.Lennart Hjalmarsson and Ph.D.Olle Ohlsson has also been indispensable to me. Ph.D.Barbro Atlestam, M.A.G6sta Olavi and Ph.D.Folke Snickars have assisted with calculations and the solution of mathematical pro­ blems. At last the author wishes to thank M. A . Mette Lembring who made the translation from Swedish. Jan Gunnarsson Contents V PREFACE Definition of the problem and results 1. 1.1. Some comments on the structure of systems of centres 1 A brief survey of problems 5 1.2.

Since 1972 there has been a close contact through their publications between the Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute at The Hague and the Population and Family Study Centre at Brussels. GODEFROY A graphic representation of the process of population renewal - a demographic teaching aid .

Those who have sought information on the extent of divorce in the modern world will know that the most accessible sources lie in international yearbooks, (1) and that from these it is possible to make certain broad comparisons of a historical or geographical kind.

This book is written for students and scholars seeking a rather 'unconven tional' approach to the problem of water supply planning. The fresh approach of the empirical analysis should lift the field of urban water resources analysis into using a greater expanse of tools and methods for policy planning.

INTRODUCTION 1 The need for industrial location analysis 2 Concentration on disaggregated manufacturing activity 3 The location of economic activity 5 The factors of location approach 6 Agglomerative economies as location factors 9 Outline of following chapters 11 2.

And now I receive this type-written text of my speech with a request, full of innocence, of these friendly committee members, "will you be so kind as to prepare your text for publication ']" But this one, is this my text?

In addition, I am indebted to the Division of Research and to the Office of Research and Advanced Studies at Indiana University for financial support. I also wish to acknowledge the Bureau of Business and Eco nomic Research at Arizona State University for providing two research assistants, Kevin A.

ROBERTSON Macro-econometric models 16 Problems in constructing regional econometric models 19 The Georgia model 20 Testing the Georgia model 22 Forecasts and applications of the Georgia model 25 An example of impact analysis using the Georgia state model 28 Summary 30 3.

This book attempts to show, in a style acceptable to both academics and hurried planning executives, how simple analytic tools may be used to bridge the substantial gap between producing an input-output table and using one. In pursuing this goal, we eschew all discussions of complex programming models, for example, and concentrate on, above all, interpretation of the transactions table itself, on such common tools as multipliers, impact analysis, projections models, and self-sufficiency analysis, and on a few innovations such as income-per-employee indices, development simulators, and market analysis routines. Our primary purpose has been to show how planners, both private and public, can use regional input-output analysis quickly and to their advantage. The Georgia Interindustry Study was sponsored by the Office of Planning and Budget and the Department of Industry and Trade of the State of Georgia; their support is gratefully acknowledged. The fmal study report, of which this book represents a substantial revision, benefited enormously from the support and incisive criticisms of Dr. William W. Nash, then with the Office of Planning and Bud~t; his efforts are warmly appreciated. Many other officials in Georgia government contributed to this study, including: Louis Schneider and Kenneth P. Johnson in the' Office of PlaJ}ning and Budget; James O. Bohanan, James Butler, George Rogers, and H.W. Wiley in the Department of Industry and Trade; Joe Woodall and Corine Cross in the Department of Labor; William M. Nixon in the Department of Audits; and J .B.

There is no generally accepted, clearly delineated body of know ledge concerning systems thinking. The multiplicity of thinking is well illustrated by the various names such as: (general) systems theory, systems thinking, systems approach, systems analysis, sys tems synthesis, systems engineering, etc.