Bücher von Michel Leclerc

Spontaneous and induced cytotoxicity were observed from sea star axial organ against Mouse MBL2 and SP2 tumoral cells .These data were written in the years 1980 in the journal : »Immunology Letters » (Luquet G. and Leclerc M.)In this book, we mention more recent data, concerning : Spontaneous cytotoxicity from sea star Igkappa gene after cloning a) either cloning in CMV plasmidb)or in HeK human cellsThe targets being tumoral human cells :-Hela cells-A375 melanome cellsand other types of cancerous human cells

In 2015, we discovered the sea star(asterid) IGKappa gene and a sea star primitive antibody. 2 years later, we discover an ophuirid IGKappa gene in OPHIOCOMINA NIGRA which is the first sister of the sea star: Asterias rubens . It's like a big-bang in the immuno-genomics of INVERTEBRATES.So 2 classes of Echinodermata out of five possess an IGKAPPA gene which induce a primitive antibody , a Fab fragment gene and a Fc receptor gene. We recall that the class of echinid has no lymphocytes, no IGkappa gene; the class of holothurid has no lymphocytes.Now we have a look on the last class: the crinoïd.

Em 1980, descobrimos os linfócitos da estrela do mar T e B em Echinodermata. Nestes últimos descobrimos também, após estudos genómicos, o IGKAPPA GENES em Asteróides, em Ophuirids, e Crinoïds, o gene do fragmento Fab, o gene receptor Fc, o gene receptor CR e finalmente os genes MHC. Entre os genes MHC, os genes HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 aparecem nos genomas Echinodermata excepto no genoma Echinid (muito estudado). Pensamos que se trata de um big bang na história da Ciência.

1980 entdeckten wir die T- und B-Lymphozyten des Seesterns bei den Stachelhäutern. Bei diesen entdeckten wir nach genomischen Studien auch die IGKAPPA-Gene in Asteriden, Ophuiriden und Crinoiden, das Fab-Fragment-Gen, das Fc-Rezeptor-Gen, das CR-Rezeptor-Gen und schließlich die MHC-Gene. Von den MHC-Genen sind die Gene HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1 und HLA-DQB1 in den Genomen der Stachelhäuter zu finden, mit Ausnahme des Genoms der Echiniden (das viel untersucht wurde). Wir glauben, dass dies ein Urknall in der Geschichte der Wissenschaft ist.

En 1980, nous avons découvert les lymphocytes T et B des étoiles de mer chez les Echinodermata. Chez ces derniers, nous découvrons également, après des études génomiques, les gènes IGKAPPA chez les Astérides, les Ophuiridés, les Crinoïdes, le gène du fragment Fab, le gène du récepteur Fc, le gène du récepteur CR et enfin les gènes du CMH. Parmi les gènes du CMH, les gènes HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 apparaissent dans les génomes des Echinodermata sauf celui des Echinides (très étudié). Nous pensons qu'il s'agit d'un big-bang dans l'histoire de la science.

Nel 1980 abbiamo scoperto i linfociti T e B della stella marina negli Echinodermata. In questi ultimi scopriamo anche, dopo studi genomici, i GENI IGKAPPA negli Asteridi, negli Ofuridi e nei Crinoidi, il gene del frammento Fab, il gene del recettore Fc, il gene del recettore CR e infine i geni MHC. Tra i geni MHC, i geni HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 compaiono nei genomi degli Echinodermi, ad eccezione del genoma degli Echinidi (molto studiato). Riteniamo che si tratti di un big bang nella storia della scienza.

En 1980, descubrimos los linfocitos T y B de las estrellas de mar en los Equinodermos. En estos últimos descubrimos también, después de estudios genómicos, los GENES IGKAPPA en Asteridos, en Ophuiridos, y Crinoïds., El gen del fragmento Fab, El gen del receptor Fc, el gen del receptor CR y por fin los genes MHC. Entre los genes MHC, los genes HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 aparecen en los genomas de los Echinodermata excepto en el genoma de los Echinidos (muy estudiado). Creemos que se trata de un big bang en la historia de la Ciencia.

In 1980, we discovered the sea star T and B lymphocytes in Echinodermata. In these last ones we discover also, after genomic studies, the IGKAPPA GENES in Asterids, in Ophuirids, and Crinoïds., The Fab fragment gene, The Fc receptor gene, the CR receptor gene and at last MHC genes. Among MHC genes, HLA-B, HLA-E genes, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 appear in the Echinodermata genomes except Echinid genome (much studied). We think it is a big- bang in the Science story.

How great is the Echinodermata adaptative and innate immune system ! We find in it, immune genes like the IGKAPPA GENE with Ig sites( for the adaptative immunity) Complement genes, from C1 to C9 for the innate immune system.... As for complement genes: Cr Receptor gene was found so all the alternate and classical genes, we describe in vertebrates. Furthermore, and for the first time MBL2 MASP1 genes which belongs to the Lectin pathway are shown in an invertebrate SO 3 complement pathways exist in Echinodermata: Alternate one, classical one, lectin one.

You'll find in this new book the last data of Echinodermata genomic studies, but also morphological and biological aspects of echinodermata immune cells. For the first time it appears that a third complement pathway exists in Echinodermata immune functions: The Lectin Pathway. It co-exists with classical and alternate pathways. Together they make possible the immune humoral response of Echinodermata against antigen agressions. We recall ,that for the first time,IPA( Invertebrate primitive antibody) has been discovered by us in correlation to the sea star IGKAPPA GENE. It's a great novelty.

The aim of this work is to confirm or infirm the presence of immune genes in an ancestral Echinodermata: Antedon bifida which belongs to the class of Crinoïds. Echinodermata are composed of 5 classes: The Asterids, the Echinids, the Ophuirids, the Crinoïds, and the Holothurids which have not the famous axial organ considered as an ancestral lymphoïd organ. Four books have already been published in Lambert editions: 3 concern the immune genes of the sea star Asterias rubens which present an IGKappa gene, A Fab gene, A Fc receptor gene, A Cr receptor gene. A fourth book concern the immune genes of Ophuirids with Ophiocomina nigra as a model of study. The present one shows the existence in Crinoïds of an IGKappa gene, a Fc receptor gene and an IFNG gene which is so found in an Invertebrate: what is highly surprising. At the end of the book a table summarizes the different immune genes discovered in Echinodermata. This work is of great novelty in the world of Evolution, in the world of Invertebrates.

Ludzkie Geny: Gen PECAM1 (p¿ytkowa i ¿ródb¿onkowa cz¿steczka adhezyjna genu1)Gen CXCR4 (gen Motif chemokine receptor 4)Gen ICAM1 (mi¿dzykomórkowa cz¿steczka adhezyjna genu 1)Gen ITGB1 (podjednostka Integrina, gen beta 1)Gen HFN1A, zostä znaleziony w INVERTEBRATES, a w szczególno¿ci w ECHINODERMATA. S¿ to geny pochodz¿ce z komórek wykazuj¿cych ten antygen. Jest to bardzo wäne jako odkrycie. Sprawiaj¿, ¿e Echinodermaty przypominaj¿ cz¿owieka.Przypominamy sobie o istnieniu IPA: Bezkr¿gowe prymitywne przeciwciäo w tych samych Echinodermatach, które s¿ Asterydami, Ophuirydami i Crinoïdami. 2 inne klasy (Echinidy, Holothuridowie) nie wykazuj¿ takich genów.

The Fc receptor gene of Asterias rubens (Echinodermata, Invertebrates) present at least 33 % identities with 7 Fc receptor Mammal genes by using the following method of Compositional matrix adjust. The e-values are highly significative. In the present book, Asterias rubens Fc DNA Sequence was analysed from its transcriptome in bioinformatics; Identities occurred with other sea stars such as Patiria miniata and specially with mammals proteins.Identities with Fc receptor mammal IGE was found.The Fc receptor gene of Asterias rubens (Echinodermata, Invertebrates) presents at least 29 % identities with Lithostathine human gene by using the following method of Compositional matrix adjust.It shows 28 % identities with Pancreatic Stone Protein-gene. No fundamental differences were made between Lithostathine and Pancreatic Stone Protein in terms of Physiology. The e-values are highly significative between the sea star gene and human ones.