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Within the research on the impact of workload on human performance, a lot of significant indicators for the interpretation have been produced. Therefore different methods have been created in recent years and many new possibilities have been developed. Nowadays, medical and other areas of all kinds are capable of using the benefits of detecting mental states such as arousal, vigilance, fatigue, mental load and their origins. This is especially prominent in transportation, as aviation and automotive industry pay more attention to the mental state and cognitive loads of vehicle drivers and pilots. This leads to the improvement of the systems used in terms of usability, informational value, measurement accuracy, as well as their used algorithms. The aim of this book is to illustrate the usability of measuring cognitive states and the methods in biometrical research using low-cost biometrics by evaluating recorded metrics.