Bücher der Reihe NIMS Monographs

This book describes the details of the research and development of nickel-saving high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and high nitrogen steel (HNS) with excellent corrosion resistance in the sea. This resistance was realized by using nitrogen (N), one of the ubiquitous elements, as an alloying element. By using N it is possible to save nickel (Ni), a national strategic substance in Japan, to be partially reduced or to be totally free. Not only basic information about low nickel HNS but also its promising application to bipolar plates of solid polymer fuel cells are provided. Reduction of Ni ions in the cell environment can be expected to extend the life of the fuel cell. Furthermore, there is discussion of the serendipitous application and impact of nickel-free HNS in the field of biomaterials as an anti-nickel allergy material, leading to its development for coronary stents.The book includes an explanation of how to develop extremely high corrosion-resistance steel by controlling its level of oxygen. For researchers and engineers involved in the development and evaluation of corrosion-resistant materials in particular, this book is extremely helpful for understanding the details of the development of those materials.

This book presents natural minerals used as inorganic materials, and inorganic materials exchanging cations or anions in natural minerals for other ions not found in nature. In addition, composites such as natural mineral materials that interact with organic molecules or polymers are introduced according to how they are used.Readers can refer to this volume as a guidebook to search for specific inorganic materials, and, if they wish, can consult any part of it at random. The book will be especially helpful and of interest to both scientists and engineers. 

This monograph shares a newly emerging point of view among researchers and students in the field of materials science. Inspired by the presence of precisely determined molecular-level sequence structures in a wide range of biomolecules, a growing number of synthetic compounds with the same structural feature are appearing day by day. These examples in the interdisciplinary areas of materials science are collected in this monograph to provide readers with a good understanding of the state-of-the-art accessible structural level, characteristic features, and future potentials of these types of compounds. The major target audience of this monograph include Ph.D. students and researchers who have just begun their careers, who are seeking novel research directions, ideas, and inspiration. Among the diverse examples of synthetic molecular sequences referred to in the monograph, experienced experts can also find work that is informative and relevant to their own research, making the book worthwhile reading for these specialists.

Target fields include materials chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, nanotechnology, and even biotechnology.

Methods introduced in the book help to improve device performance and to solve the problems of controlling the voltage and efficiency of devices in a great variety of applications, including electronic devices, optical devices such as displays, and energy devices such as solar cells and batteries.

This book introduces the synthesis, electrochemical and photochemical properties, and device applications of metallo-supramolecular polymers, new kinds of polymers synthesized by the complexation of metal ions and organic ditopic ligands.

Oxide materials are good candidates for replacing Si devices, which are increasingly reaching their performance limits, since the former offer a range of unique properties, due to their composition, design and/or doping techniques.

This book displays how optical (absorption, emission, and magnetic circular dichroism) spectra of phthalocyanines and related macrocyclic dyes can be varied from their prototypical ones depending on conditions.

This book describes the fiber fuse phenomenon that causes a serious problem for the present optical communication systems. A fiber fuse appears in a heated region of the fiber cable delivering a few watts of light and runs toward the light source destroying its core region.

In this book, advanced steel technologies mainly developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, for structure control, mechanical properties, and the related mechanisms are introduced and discussed.

Smart Biomaterials