Bücher veröffentlicht von Duncker & Humblot GmbH

Der digitale Fortschritt entlastet die Menschen im Alltag oft spürbar, erweitert aber auch das Arsenal der Überwachungsinstrumente, die den Versammlungsbehörden zur Verfügung stehen. Neuere Beobachtungsformen reichen von Bodycams über Drohnen und Smart Cams bis hin zu Social Media Monitoring. Die Arbeit ordnet diese in das normative Koordinatensystem zwischen grundrechtlichen Verbürgungen sowie einfachgesetzlichen datenschutz- und polizeirechtlichen Vorgaben ein. Es arbeitet im Detail die rechtlichen Anforderungen heraus, an denen ein staatlicher Einsatz moderner Überwachungstechnologien im Versammlungskontext zu messen ist. Die Autoren nähern sich diesem Fragenkomplex zum einen aus einem verfassungsrechtlichen Blickwinkel an, indem sie die grundrechtlichen Konfliktlinien digitaler Formen der Versammlungsüberwachung nachzeichnen. Zum anderen leuchten sie die konkreten Vorgaben des Datenschutzrechts aus und untersuchen, ob das bestehende polizei- und versammlungsrechtliche Regelungsregime den verschiedenen Spielarten digitaler Versammlungsbeobachtung hinreichende rechtliche Leitplanken setzt.

»The Quality Agreement in the System of Purchase Warranty Law«: The agreement on quality under the law on the sale of goods occupies a central position within the factual elements of a material defect under the law on the sale of goods. It is regularly the focus of case law by the highest courts and has been influenced by the implementation of the Sale of Goods Directive. The present work acknowledges these influences in detail and integrates the agreement on quality under the law of sale into a coherent concept that provides an appropriate solution to individual questions.

»The Impact of Public International Law on the Cross-Border Investigation of Digital Evidence under the German Code of Criminal Procedure«: The dissertation deals with the problem that data relevant to investigations is often located on servers abroad and in the possession of foreign service providers, whereas law enforcement agencies are only allowed to carry out investigative measures within their own territory under public international law. The author examines how international law limits the possibilities of accessing data abroad and how violations of international law can lead to the inadmissibility of evidence.

Drawing on previously unused archival material, this double biography presents the lives of the married scholars Hildegund and Ottokar Menzel in hitherto unknown facets and reveals possible factors contributing to their joint suicide in early 1945. Together, the historian Ottokar Menzel, the son of a Munich orientalist, and Hildegund Rogner, a Berlin teacher's daughter who had studied philosophy, mathematics, and physics, strove with great effort to make their way as academics under Nazi rule.

»Supervisory Board's Duty of Confidentiality under Corporation Law versus Information Privilege of the Public Government. A Reevaluation Exclusively According to Corporation Law«: Stock corporation law prohibits the Supervisory Board from disclosing company secrets. According to Sections 394, 395 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), it is permitted to disclose information to the public administration in case of state participation. According to the prevailing view, this is intended to create a tension between the duty of confidentiality and the duty to report. However, a compatibility of the duties of conduct, which are initially perceived as contradictory, follows from an autonomous reevaluation of stock corporation law.

»The Social Reference of Freedom of Property. A Consideration of the Federal Constitutional Court's Interpretation of Fundamental Rights in the Face of the Statutory Coal Phaseout«: The social reference is a central argumentation figure within the Federal Constitutional Court's jurisprudence on the property guarantee of Article 14 GG. The thesis defines the concept of social reference on the basis of a case law analysis, analyzes its legal implications for the protection of property, and illustrates it by means of an example using the Coal-fired Power Generation Termination Act.

»Apostles of Peace. The Correspondence between Wilhelmine of Bayreuth and Voltaire«: Even if the 46 letters written by Wilhelmine of Bayreuth and Voltaire between 1741 and 1758 may not seem an abundant correspondence it offers nonetheless valuable insights into the exchange of letters as a common interest of the partners. Indeed the dominant common interest during the last period of this correspondence (1756 to 1758) was to reach peace between Prussia and France in the Seven Years' War.

»The Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers. The Scope of Application with Regard to Investment Instruments of German Law«: Crowdfunding as an alternative method of raising capital has been effectively limited within the European Union to the individual member states. The ECSP-Regulation is the first attempt to create a common crowdfunding market within the European Union.The study examines whether the Regulation has a disruptive potential for the German crowdfunding market. For this purpose, the applicability of the investment instruments of German law under the Regulation will be analyzed.

»Early 21st Century Environmental Law. Collected Papers«: Fifteen collected papers written by Michael Kloepfer scrutinize post-millennial developments in German Environmental Law. The papers explore Environmental Law's history and recent developments. They consider its intersections with regulations in areas such as agriculture, disaster prevention, antitrust or public procurement. They survey cooperation between governmental and private actors and pay special solicitude to the notion of >environmental justice< - especially regarding climate change litigation.

»The German Armed Forces in Cyber Space. An Examination of the Challenges of a New Military Operational Space under Defence and Emergency Constitutional Law«: The study examines the question of whether the defense and emergency constitution is up to the challenges of cyberspace. To this end, it analyzes the extent to which the use of the armed forces in cyberspace is subject to constitutional and parliamentary reservations, as well as the conditions and means under which the use of armed forces to defend against cyberattacks is permissible. In addition, the study examines whether the emergency constitution is suitable for defending against the dangers of cyberspace.

»The Demarcation of Company and Insolvency Law in the Light of the CJEU's Kornhaas Decision«: The thesis examines the application of national creditor protection provisions on directors of EU-foreign companies. Insolvency-related liability provisions of national, Irish and French law are classified according to conflict of laws. The qualification and demarcation are based on an elaborated catalogue of criteria. The thesis considers temporal constellations as well as different stages of insolvency-related cases and examines the international jurisdiction of the member states' courts.

»The Application of Concrete Endangerment Offenses with Intentional Endangerment of Life or Limb de lege ferenda«: The thesis examines the tense relationship between the concrete intent to endanger life and the conditional intent to injure or kill on the one hand and deliberate negligence on the other. In doing so, it illuminates the characteristics of intent in general and those of concrete intent to endanger life in particular and develops - taking into account interdisciplinary findings - a method for distinguishing intent from negligence.

»Animal Welfare Versus Commercial Animal Use. Commercial Use of Animals Outside Agriculture«: The forms of commercial animal use beyond agriculture are diverse. This includes, for example, circuses and working with film animals. However, the associated animal welfare problems have so far not been discussed in great detail. The authorities work mainly with non-binding expert opinions instead of legal regulations. The various instruments of the executive branch in this area will be dealt with, as well as possible new perspectives for animal protection law - and its limits.

»The Equalization of Accrued Gain in the System of German Family Inheritance Tax Law. National and International Principles of Taxation«: The majority of spouses in Germany live in a legal or modified community of accrued gains. This is the most economically viable matrimonial property regime, as transfers of assets for the purpose of equalizing gains are possible without incurring German inheritance and gift tax. This seems simple, but the aim of the scheme itself raises numerous questions. This work is the first to examine the central provision of sec. 5 German Inheritance Tax Act at the intersection of German constitutional, civil, and inheritance tax law. In addition, the work addresses, on a comparative law basis, the equally important question of how foreign property regimes are to be assessed within the scope of the provision.

»Foreign telecommunications surveillance by the German Federal Intelligence Service«: The German Federal Intelligence Service surveils foreign telecommunications by analyzing content and metadata on a mass scale. The study points out that the Basic Law also protects foreigners not residing on German territory. Furthermore, it discusses how the strategic surveillance that is not based on specific grounds and only limited by the purpose pursued can by justified in the light of Art. 10 of the Basic Law protecting the confidentiality of individual communications and Art. 8 ECHR.

»Insolvency-related Duties of Directors an their Advisors after the Implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/1023 and StaRUG«: In pre-insolvency siutations it is important for company directors and their advisors to know the scope of the directors' duties and the point in time at which the duties change. Article 19 of the directive (EU) 2019/1023 contains provisions on the directors' duties when there is a likelihood of insolvency. This doctoral thesis examines to what extent directors' duties in pre-insolvency situation will change as a result of the implementation of Art. 19 RRiL and whether the existing provisions in German law are sufficient for the implementation.

»The ratihabitio in Classical Roman Law«: The present study sheds a light on select dogmatic questions concerning the ratihabitio in Classical Roman Law. Although the ratihabitio boasts a long tradition in jurisprudence, there has been a lack of a recent German-language study. It turns out that the legal figure of the ratihabitio is close, yet alien, to the legal institution of ratification under § 184 (1) of the >Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch< (the German Civil Code).

»The >Special-Purpose Association of Functional Integration< According to Hans Peter Ipsen. A Contribution to the History of Concepts and to the Debate on finality in European Studies«: The question of its finality has accompanied the process of European unification since its beginning. Hans Peter Ipsen made a powerful contribution to this discussion with his technocratic description of the European Communities as >special-purpose associations of functional integration

»The Historical Development of Marriage Bans on Grounds of Kinship and Affinity from the Empire Personal Status Act (Reichspersonenstandsgesetz) to the Marriage Law Act (Eheschließungsrechtsgesetz) (1875 to 1998)«: The author examines the history of marriage bans on grounds of kinship, affinity, and sexual union since the founding of the German nation-state. Because of the changing political and ideological conditions in the German Empire, National Socialism, under Allied occupation, in the German Democratic Republic and in the Federal Republic, the tendency of their steady reduction finally becomes apparent only after 1946. Complete abolition, on the other hand, is not recommended.

»The Principle of Non-Refoulement and its Interpretation by the UN Treaty Bodies«: This research provides the first comprehensive overview of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies' practice on the human rights principle of non-refoulement. Non-refoulement, although a long-existing element of international law, has been continuously challenged. Claims concerning non-refoulement are raised before the Treaty Bodies in great numbers. This research examines the Treaty Bodies' contribution to the development of the principle of non-refoulement in international human rights law and shows their influence on customary international law developments.

»Duties of Protection and Rights of Defence by the Example of Nitrogen Dioxide Immissions in Road Traffic. A Constitutional Doctrine Analysis«: Limit values for nitrogen dioxide due to road traffic have been exceeded for years. This exceedance increases the risks to people's health in big cities. Marlon Geise deals with the field of tension between rights of liberty and needs for protection in German constitutional law. In conclusion, he ascertains the violation of defence rights by the state in 2020.

Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die unterschiedliche Trennung von Kirche und Staat in Österreich und in den USA anhand des Religionsunterrichts auf. Die Ursachen für die unterschiedlichen Rechtslagen werden dazu rechtshistorisch, rechtssoziologisch sowie rechtsdogmatisch betrachtet. Sie werden darüber hinaus einer vergleichenden Bewertung unterzogen und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile (General- und Individualinteressen) gegeneinander abgewogen.Bekenntnisorientierter Religionsunterricht an öffentlichen Schulen, unter zumindest formaler Aufsicht des Staates, ist nach Ansicht des Autors grundsätzlich gerade in einer religiös-pluralistischen Gesellschaft sehr vorteilhaft. Dieser Unterricht sollte bekenntnisorientiert, aber auch religionsvergleichend sein, Staatskunde beinhalten und das Verhältnis von Kirche und Staat sowie das Verhältnis zu Andersgläubigen in Betracht ziehen.

»The Relative Position of Shareholders in GmbH Law. A Contribution to Legal Certainty»: Since 2008, the relative position of shareholders in GmbH law has existed in § 16 Para. 1 Sentence 1 GmbHG. This regulation is of fundamental importance for the internal constitution of the GmbH. Miller traces the historical background since the middle of the 19th century, dogmatically classifies the regulation, describes its effects and develops the limits of the relative position of sharholders in a legally secure reading. In doing so, the almost unanimously accepted limit of >attribution< is teleologically questioned in detail for the first time.

»The Publication of Vacant Positions in Civil Service Law«: The paper deals with the question of whether a constitutional duty to publicize vacant positions follows from Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law and how such a duty is to be implemented. Without the publication of vacant positions the potential applicant is incapable of applying and cannot exercise his or her rights under Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law. It is shown that public tendering is the only means of guaranteeing equal access to public offices.

»The Tax Treatment of Disproportionate Contributions between an Obstacle to Restructurings and a Tax-Saving Scheme«: Over a long period of time, disproportionate contributions allowed for a transfer of large fortunes without triggering gift tax because of a lack of coordination between German gift tax law and fundamental principles of German income tax law and civil law. In 2011, however, a legislative intervention caused the pendulum to swing in the other direction. Since then, the amended law bears the risk of unsystematically overtaxing restructuring measures beyond the originally intended reason for such a tax burden. This thesis analyses the tax treatment of disproportionate contributions before and after the change of law. On this basis, a proposal for a legislative reform is introduced that aims at overcoming the imponderables between an obstacle to restructurings and a tax-saving scheme.

»Joke and Wit in Jurisprudence«: This unique scientific investigation brings to light amazing things in terms of German legal humor. The legal situation-comedy revolves around the most curious lawsuits. The chapter on legal comedy reveals: While the legislature rarely allows itself a joke, many professional publications are meaty satire between jest and seriousness. Jurisprudence reaches the peak of cheekiness with judgments in the form of fairy tales, riddles, poems, cooking recipes, whodunits, tantrums and sheer nonsense.

»On the Reconstruction of the Concept of Understanding in Hegel's Philosophy«: This thesis represents an attempt to clarify the relationship between understanding and reason within Hegel's philosophy. The reconstructive presentation of the characteristics of Hegel's concept of mind permits to take a broader look at it and to understand his handling of the formal-logical thinking within this concept. Thus the limits of the cognitive abilities - which have become canonical in terms of Kantian criticism - can be critically analysed from a different point of view.

2 Abs. 2 JGG verzahnt das Erwachsenen- und Jugendstrafrecht derart, dass die allgemeinen Vorschriften des Straf- und Strafverfahrensrechts weitgehend auch für Jugendliche und Heranwachsende gelten. Allerdings bestehen bei dieser Altersgruppe zahlreiche - empirisch abgesicherte - Besonderheiten. Straftaten junger Menschen unterscheiden sich in ihren Entstehungsprozessen und Bedeutungszusammenhängen von der Delinquenz Erwachsener. Dies wurde und wird bei der Strafgesetzgebung, aber auch in der Strafrechtspraxis kaum berücksichtigt. Die daraus resultierende altersgruppenübergreifende Anwendung der Normen des StGB und der StPO führt regelhaft zu einer Überkriminalisierung junger Menschen und es entsteht die Problemlage, dass sich das Strafrecht als widersinnig und dysfunktional für die Entwicklung der betroffenen Jugendlichen bzw. Heranwachsenden erweist. Für diese grundlegende Problematik bietet die Arbeit eine Lösung an: den Grundsatz der jugendgemäßen Auslegung. Hierunter versteht man eine strafbarkeitsbegrenzende Auslegung der allgemeinen Strafnormen, die sich an den Besonderheiten Jugendlicher und Heranwachsender orientiert und insbesondere die Unterschiede gegenüber Erwachsenen bei der strafrechtlichen Rechtsanwendung berücksichtigt.

»Blockchain-Based Digital Assets in Enforcement and Bankruptcy«: The thesis elaborates efficient and feasible solutions for individual and collective enforcement of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. Considering the economic analysis of the law, a possessory-based approach is formed and proven to be the only one that leads to workable solutions within the German enforcement and insolvency law. Within German insolvency law, systematic gaps are found and taken as an opportunity to develop a solution de lege feranda.

»Disposition of Legal Remedies in Civil Proceedings«: The thesis focuses on the framework conditions for the exercise of party disposition powers of legal remedies in German Civil Proceedings. In view of the popularity of arbitration in large-volume commercial disputes, it is highlighted that a reform of the German civil justice system is indispensable, particularly with regard to the disposition of legal remedies, in order to counteract the trend of a decline in the number of cases filed with German civil courts.