Bücher veröffentlicht von Duncker & Humblot GmbH

»The Impact of Public International Law on the Cross-Border Investigation of Digital Evidence under the German Code of Criminal Procedure«: The dissertation deals with the problem that data relevant to investigations is often located on servers abroad and in the possession of foreign service providers, whereas law enforcement agencies are only allowed to carry out investigative measures within their own territory under public international law. The author examines how international law limits the possibilities of accessing data abroad and how violations of international law can lead to the inadmissibility of evidence.

»Supervisory Board's Duty of Confidentiality under Corporation Law versus Information Privilege of the Public Government. A Reevaluation Exclusively According to Corporation Law«: Stock corporation law prohibits the Supervisory Board from disclosing company secrets. According to Sections 394, 395 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), it is permitted to disclose information to the public administration in case of state participation. According to the prevailing view, this is intended to create a tension between the duty of confidentiality and the duty to report. However, a compatibility of the duties of conduct, which are initially perceived as contradictory, follows from an autonomous reevaluation of stock corporation law.

»The Social Reference of Freedom of Property. A Consideration of the Federal Constitutional Court's Interpretation of Fundamental Rights in the Face of the Statutory Coal Phaseout«: The social reference is a central argumentation figure within the Federal Constitutional Court's jurisprudence on the property guarantee of Article 14 GG. The thesis defines the concept of social reference on the basis of a case law analysis, analyzes its legal implications for the protection of property, and illustrates it by means of an example using the Coal-fired Power Generation Termination Act.

»Apostles of Peace. The Correspondence between Wilhelmine of Bayreuth and Voltaire«: Even if the 46 letters written by Wilhelmine of Bayreuth and Voltaire between 1741 and 1758 may not seem an abundant correspondence it offers nonetheless valuable insights into the exchange of letters as a common interest of the partners. Indeed the dominant common interest during the last period of this correspondence (1756 to 1758) was to reach peace between Prussia and France in the Seven Years' War.

»The Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers. The Scope of Application with Regard to Investment Instruments of German Law«: Crowdfunding as an alternative method of raising capital has been effectively limited within the European Union to the individual member states. The ECSP-Regulation is the first attempt to create a common crowdfunding market within the European Union.The study examines whether the Regulation has a disruptive potential for the German crowdfunding market. For this purpose, the applicability of the investment instruments of German law under the Regulation will be analyzed.

»Early 21st Century Environmental Law. Collected Papers«: Fifteen collected papers written by Michael Kloepfer scrutinize post-millennial developments in German Environmental Law. The papers explore Environmental Law's history and recent developments. They consider its intersections with regulations in areas such as agriculture, disaster prevention, antitrust or public procurement. They survey cooperation between governmental and private actors and pay special solicitude to the notion of >environmental justice< - especially regarding climate change litigation.

Wie Männer im Dienst des preußischen Staates sich selbst in ihrer Tätigkeit begriffen, erkundet dieser Sammelband. Seine teils einzelbiographisch, teils als Gruppenuntersuchung angelegten Fallstudien widmen sich den Jahrzehnten zwischen 1740 und 1806, die weit mehr als eine Vorschule der nachfolgenden Reformära bedeuten: Bereits mit Friedrich II. gelangten aufklärerische Herausforderungen mitten in die Regierung. Erneuerungsimpulse in den preußischen Staat hinein finden sich auch in den damaligen Bildungswelten. Inwiefern Akteure aufklärerische Routinen und Selbstwahrnehmungen auch in den Dienstalltag einbrachten, zeigen ihre Denkwelten. Größere Kontexte werden beim Blick auf Reich und Reichsrecht als Handlungswelten erkennbar. Karrierewelten spiegeln wider, wie Professionalisierungsdiskurse, Patronagepraktiken und Standesinteressen aufeinanderprallten.Die hier versammelten Aufsätze legen Voraussetzungen, Spannungen und Ambivalenzen des Regierungshandelns offen, die maßgeblich die preußische Geschichte dieser Zeit mitbestimmten.

»The German Armed Forces in Cyber Space. An Examination of the Challenges of a New Military Operational Space under Defence and Emergency Constitutional Law«: The study examines the question of whether the defense and emergency constitution is up to the challenges of cyberspace. To this end, it analyzes the extent to which the use of the armed forces in cyberspace is subject to constitutional and parliamentary reservations, as well as the conditions and means under which the use of armed forces to defend against cyberattacks is permissible. In addition, the study examines whether the emergency constitution is suitable for defending against the dangers of cyberspace.

»The Demarcation of Company and Insolvency Law in the Light of the CJEU's Kornhaas Decision«: The thesis examines the application of national creditor protection provisions on directors of EU-foreign companies. Insolvency-related liability provisions of national, Irish and French law are classified according to conflict of laws. The qualification and demarcation are based on an elaborated catalogue of criteria. The thesis considers temporal constellations as well as different stages of insolvency-related cases and examines the international jurisdiction of the member states' courts.

»The Application of Concrete Endangerment Offenses with Intentional Endangerment of Life or Limb de lege ferenda«: The thesis examines the tense relationship between the concrete intent to endanger life and the conditional intent to injure or kill on the one hand and deliberate negligence on the other. In doing so, it illuminates the characteristics of intent in general and those of concrete intent to endanger life in particular and develops - taking into account interdisciplinary findings - a method for distinguishing intent from negligence.

»Animal Welfare Versus Commercial Animal Use. Commercial Use of Animals Outside Agriculture«: The forms of commercial animal use beyond agriculture are diverse. This includes, for example, circuses and working with film animals. However, the associated animal welfare problems have so far not been discussed in great detail. The authorities work mainly with non-binding expert opinions instead of legal regulations. The various instruments of the executive branch in this area will be dealt with, as well as possible new perspectives for animal protection law - and its limits.

»The Equalization of Accrued Gain in the System of German Family Inheritance Tax Law. National and International Principles of Taxation«: The majority of spouses in Germany live in a legal or modified community of accrued gains. This is the most economically viable matrimonial property regime, as transfers of assets for the purpose of equalizing gains are possible without incurring German inheritance and gift tax. This seems simple, but the aim of the scheme itself raises numerous questions. This work is the first to examine the central provision of sec. 5 German Inheritance Tax Act at the intersection of German constitutional, civil, and inheritance tax law. In addition, the work addresses, on a comparative law basis, the equally important question of how foreign property regimes are to be assessed within the scope of the provision.

»Foreign telecommunications surveillance by the German Federal Intelligence Service«: The German Federal Intelligence Service surveils foreign telecommunications by analyzing content and metadata on a mass scale. The study points out that the Basic Law also protects foreigners not residing on German territory. Furthermore, it discusses how the strategic surveillance that is not based on specific grounds and only limited by the purpose pursued can by justified in the light of Art. 10 of the Basic Law protecting the confidentiality of individual communications and Art. 8 ECHR.

»Insolvency-related Duties of Directors an their Advisors after the Implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/1023 and StaRUG«: In pre-insolvency siutations it is important for company directors and their advisors to know the scope of the directors' duties and the point in time at which the duties change. Article 19 of the directive (EU) 2019/1023 contains provisions on the directors' duties when there is a likelihood of insolvency. This doctoral thesis examines to what extent directors' duties in pre-insolvency situation will change as a result of the implementation of Art. 19 RRiL and whether the existing provisions in German law are sufficient for the implementation.

»The ratihabitio in Classical Roman Law«: The present study sheds a light on select dogmatic questions concerning the ratihabitio in Classical Roman Law. Although the ratihabitio boasts a long tradition in jurisprudence, there has been a lack of a recent German-language study. It turns out that the legal figure of the ratihabitio is close, yet alien, to the legal institution of ratification under § 184 (1) of the >Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch< (the German Civil Code).

»The >Special-Purpose Association of Functional Integration< According to Hans Peter Ipsen. A Contribution to the History of Concepts and to the Debate on finality in European Studies«: The question of its finality has accompanied the process of European unification since its beginning. Hans Peter Ipsen made a powerful contribution to this discussion with his technocratic description of the European Communities as >special-purpose associations of functional integration

»The Historical Development of Marriage Bans on Grounds of Kinship and Affinity from the Empire Personal Status Act (Reichspersonenstandsgesetz) to the Marriage Law Act (Eheschließungsrechtsgesetz) (1875 to 1998)«: The author examines the history of marriage bans on grounds of kinship, affinity, and sexual union since the founding of the German nation-state. Because of the changing political and ideological conditions in the German Empire, National Socialism, under Allied occupation, in the German Democratic Republic and in the Federal Republic, the tendency of their steady reduction finally becomes apparent only after 1946. Complete abolition, on the other hand, is not recommended.

»The Principle of Non-Refoulement and its Interpretation by the UN Treaty Bodies«: This research provides the first comprehensive overview of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies' practice on the human rights principle of non-refoulement. Non-refoulement, although a long-existing element of international law, has been continuously challenged. Claims concerning non-refoulement are raised before the Treaty Bodies in great numbers. This research examines the Treaty Bodies' contribution to the development of the principle of non-refoulement in international human rights law and shows their influence on customary international law developments.

»Duties of Protection and Rights of Defence by the Example of Nitrogen Dioxide Immissions in Road Traffic. A Constitutional Doctrine Analysis«: Limit values for nitrogen dioxide due to road traffic have been exceeded for years. This exceedance increases the risks to people's health in big cities. Marlon Geise deals with the field of tension between rights of liberty and needs for protection in German constitutional law. In conclusion, he ascertains the violation of defence rights by the state in 2020.

Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die unterschiedliche Trennung von Kirche und Staat in Österreich und in den USA anhand des Religionsunterrichts auf. Die Ursachen für die unterschiedlichen Rechtslagen werden dazu rechtshistorisch, rechtssoziologisch sowie rechtsdogmatisch betrachtet. Sie werden darüber hinaus einer vergleichenden Bewertung unterzogen und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile (General- und Individualinteressen) gegeneinander abgewogen.Bekenntnisorientierter Religionsunterricht an öffentlichen Schulen, unter zumindest formaler Aufsicht des Staates, ist nach Ansicht des Autors grundsätzlich gerade in einer religiös-pluralistischen Gesellschaft sehr vorteilhaft. Dieser Unterricht sollte bekenntnisorientiert, aber auch religionsvergleichend sein, Staatskunde beinhalten und das Verhältnis von Kirche und Staat sowie das Verhältnis zu Andersgläubigen in Betracht ziehen.

»The Relative Position of Shareholders in GmbH Law. A Contribution to Legal Certainty»: Since 2008, the relative position of shareholders in GmbH law has existed in § 16 Para. 1 Sentence 1 GmbHG. This regulation is of fundamental importance for the internal constitution of the GmbH. Miller traces the historical background since the middle of the 19th century, dogmatically classifies the regulation, describes its effects and develops the limits of the relative position of sharholders in a legally secure reading. In doing so, the almost unanimously accepted limit of >attribution< is teleologically questioned in detail for the first time.

»The Tax Treatment of Disproportionate Contributions between an Obstacle to Restructurings and a Tax-Saving Scheme«: Over a long period of time, disproportionate contributions allowed for a transfer of large fortunes without triggering gift tax because of a lack of coordination between German gift tax law and fundamental principles of German income tax law and civil law. In 2011, however, a legislative intervention caused the pendulum to swing in the other direction. Since then, the amended law bears the risk of unsystematically overtaxing restructuring measures beyond the originally intended reason for such a tax burden. This thesis analyses the tax treatment of disproportionate contributions before and after the change of law. On this basis, a proposal for a legislative reform is introduced that aims at overcoming the imponderables between an obstacle to restructurings and a tax-saving scheme.

»Joke and Wit in Jurisprudence«: This unique scientific investigation brings to light amazing things in terms of German legal humor. The legal situation-comedy revolves around the most curious lawsuits. The chapter on legal comedy reveals: While the legislature rarely allows itself a joke, many professional publications are meaty satire between jest and seriousness. Jurisprudence reaches the peak of cheekiness with judgments in the form of fairy tales, riddles, poems, cooking recipes, whodunits, tantrums and sheer nonsense.

»Blockchain-Based Digital Assets in Enforcement and Bankruptcy«: The thesis elaborates efficient and feasible solutions for individual and collective enforcement of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. Considering the economic analysis of the law, a possessory-based approach is formed and proven to be the only one that leads to workable solutions within the German enforcement and insolvency law. Within German insolvency law, systematic gaps are found and taken as an opportunity to develop a solution de lege feranda.

»Disposition of Legal Remedies in Civil Proceedings«: The thesis focuses on the framework conditions for the exercise of party disposition powers of legal remedies in German Civil Proceedings. In view of the popularity of arbitration in large-volume commercial disputes, it is highlighted that a reform of the German civil justice system is indispensable, particularly with regard to the disposition of legal remedies, in order to counteract the trend of a decline in the number of cases filed with German civil courts.

»The Protection of the Personal Rights of Public Figures in Criminal Investigations Proceedings«: The study assesses the need for protection of the personal rights of public figures as defendants in criminal investigations. It focuses on the legal prerequisites for identifying public relations by the prosecution in principally not public investigation proceedings and addresses the effects of the defendant's status as a public figure on the legal limits of permissible public relations by the prosecution.

Es kommt nicht häufig vor, dass eine Sprache innerhalb kurzer Zeit grundlegend verändert wird. Bei der deutschen Sprache ist dies der Fall, nämlich mit der Einführung der Gendersprache. Das sog. Gendern hat zu leidenschaftlich geführten Kontroversen geführt. Die vorliegende, in leicht verständlicher Sprache verfasste Studie versteht sich nicht als Beitrag zur Empörungskultur, sondern listet Argumente für und gegen das Gendern auf. Der Autor weist auf behördlichen Druck durch »Sprachleitfäden« und »Handreichungen« hin sowie auf Punkteabzug bei studentischen Arbeiten. Problematisiert wird auch die Uneinheitlichkeit der Gendersprache mit ihren verschiedenen »Sonderzeichen« in der Schriftsprache und dem sog. »Glottisschlag« in der Sprechweise, dies auch mit kritischem Hinweis auf die Praxis der gebührenfinanzierten öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten. Ausführlich behandelt wird die Spaltung der Gesellschaft, die im Gebrauch der Gendersprache als Herrschaftssprache, administrativer und universitärer Eliten einerseits und deren Nichtgebrauch andererseits, zum Ausdruck kommt.

»The Organizational and Procedural Law of the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce. An Interdisciplinary Study with Insights of Organizational Sociology«: This study was prompted by evidence of indifference among CCI members in Germany. It suggested a dysfunctional understanding of the judicial system as well as persisting social problems. When examining the relationship between CCI's central administrative task and its organizational design questioned the positive reputation of CCI. The problems of a lack of oversight and competence, especially pronounced in compulsory associations, has yet to be recognized as a critical factor in organizing.

Längst sind Fragen der 'elektronischen Datenverarbeitung' in Unternehmen ein fester Bestandteil datenschutzrechtlicher, arbeits- und gesellschaftsrechtlicher Erörterungen. Auch die Entwicklung künstlich intelligenter Systeme schreitet dynamisch voran. Der Autor befasst sich vor diesem Hintergrund eingehend mit den verschiedenen Rechtsfragen, die sich im Kontext des entscheidungsunterstützenden Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz im Vorstand einer AG ergeben.