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Periodontitis (per-e-o-don-TIE-tis), also called gum disease, is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue around teeth. Without treatment, periodontitis can destroy the bone that supports your teeth. This can cause teeth to loosen or lead to tooth loss.Periodontitis is common but can usually be prevented. It's often the result of not taking care of your mouth and teeth. To help prevent periodontitis or improve your chance of successful treatment, brush at least twice a day, floss daily and get regular dental checkups.The prevalence of gingival and periodontal disease is manifold and has not been highlighted much due to its asymptomatic and milder symptoms. It is usually given its due importance when the gingival disease progresses to advanced periodontal disease, displays symptoms of dull pain and tooth mobility, and is associated with pus discharge. The starting point of periodontal disease is usually gingival disease which is a reversible condition. It is therefore necessary to diagnose gingival diseases at an early stage to prevent its progression to irreversible periodontal disease.

O¿zbekiston Respublikasining viloyat tumanlarida xozirgi vaqtda turar-joy, fuqoro binolarida energiya samaradorlik nuqtai nazardan bir qancha ishlar olib borilyapti, lekin dunyo tajribasini olsak Respublikamizdagi fuqoro binolarini energiya tejamkorlikka loyihalash eng dolzarb muammolardan biri bölib qolmokda. O¿zbekiston iqlimi issiq va keskin kontinental hisoblanadi. Bunday iqlim sharoitida ishlatilayotgan bino xonalarida harorat yoz paytida keskin oshib, qish paytida juda pasayib ketadi. Shuni inobatga olgan xolda hozirgi davrda qurilayotgan zamonaviy turar-joy binolarini tashqi tösiq konstruksiyalarini issiqlik-fizik hususiyatini örganish, tösiq konstruksiya uchun samarali qurilish materiallari tanlashga, bino xonalarida me¿yoriy mikroiqlim yaratishga hamda energiya samarador turar-joy binolarini loyihalashga olib keladi.

Wide introduction of advanced methods for training specialists based on theoretical knowledge and practical usage has become an urgent task today. To master foreign languages is very important in training future generation. Under these circumstances, sociologists, historians, psychologists, linguists, ethnographers, and methodologists, pay close attention to the different aspects of bilingualism and multilingualism. In the study of language contact and bilingualism are considered and the process of interference, the essence of which is linguistically is determined by mutual adaptation of the language of the speaker and language of the listener and the change of the norms of both of the contacting languages.

Faktory, priwodqschie k wozniknoweniü westibulqrnyh narushenij (stressy, äkologicheskie problemy, trawmatizm, rost zabolewaemosti serdechno-sosudistoj sistemy i saharnym diabetom i t.d.) postoqnno rastut, poätomu wrachi razlichnyh special'nostej wse chasche stalkiwaütsq s pacientami, stradaüschimi golowokruzheniem. Mnogoobrazie prichin, pri kotoryh woznikaüt rasstrojstwa funkcij westibulqrnogo analizatora, raznoobrazie proqwlenij westibulqrnyh narushenij obuslawliwaet wozniknowenie opredelennyh trudnostej w prawil'noj i swoewremennoj ih diagnostike.V monografii proanalizirowany ätiologiq, patogenez, sowremennye metody diagnostiki i lecheniq bol'nyh s hronicheskimi wospalitel'nymi zabolewaniqmi uha, razrabotan algoritm diagnostiki i lecheniq hronicheskih wospalitel'nyh zabolewanij uha, dany rekomendacii wracham.Dannaq monografiq prednaznachena dlq magistrow otorinolaringologii, klinicheskih ordinatorow i wrachej otorinolaringologow.

M¿kslas vingro¿ana...B¿rni iesaist¿s nodarb¿b¿s jau agr¿ b¿rn¿b¿, aptuveni 4 l¿dz 5 gadu vecum¿. Svar¿g¿kais fizisko ¿pä¿bu att¿st¿bas vecuma posms ir no 7 l¿dz 12 gadu vecumam. Tie¿i ¿aj¿ laik¿ k¿¿st redzams topo¿¿s sportistes raksturs un sp¿jas. Ir ¿oti svar¿gi notur¿t b¿rnu sport¿, notic¿t saviem sp¿kiem,ieaudzin¿t neatlaid¿bu un darba m¿lest¿bu. Täu m¿kslas vingro¿an¿ ir ¿rk¿rt¿gi svar¿gs rado¿ums un izteiksm¿gums. K¿ iem¿c¿t meiten¿m izprast vingrojuma kompoz¿cijas saist¿bu ar m¿zik¿lo pavad¿jumu un vingro¿anas elementiem? K¿ iem¿c¿t b¿rniem dar¿t gr¿to sportista darbu ar prieku un g¿t no t¿ gandar¿jumu? ¿aj¿ gr¿mat¿ ir apkopoti vair¿ki pä¿mieni ¿o sare¿¿¿to jaut¿jumu risin¿¿anai.

shakllantirishga aksi¿l¿gik y¿nd¿shuvBiz h¿zir milli¿ tiklanish davrida ¿asham¿qdamiz. Har qandä milli¿ tiklanish milli¿ u¿g¿¿nish zaminidagina, muvaffaqi¿atli amalga ¿shadi. Milli¿ u¿g¿¿nish as¿san, mänavi¿at s¿hasida, milli¿ ¿ng, ins¿nning mänavi¿, axl¿qi¿ kam¿l¿tida ¿uz b¿radi. Mänavi¿ kam¿l¿t faqat ¿¿tmishni t¿¿la tushunib ¿lishgina ¿mas, balki k¿lajakka intilishdan ham ib¿ratdir. «Taraqqi¿¿t taqdirini mänavi¿ jihatdan ¿¿tuk ¿damlar hal qiladi. T¿xnikavi¿ bilim, murakkab t¿xn¿l¿gi¿ani ¿gallash q¿bili¿ati mänavi¿ barkam¿llik bilim, mustaqil tafakkur bilan birga b¿rishi k¿rak. Aqli¿ zak¿vat va ruhi¿ mänavi¿ sal¿hi¿at -märifatli ins¿nning ikki qan¿tidir».Monografiya professor-oqituvchilar, maktab o¿qituvchilari, ota-onalar hamdatalabalar uchun mo¿ljallangan.

A bor szakszer¿ ízlelésének képessége sajnos nem minden embernek adatik meg, de ez nem egyéni, és nem is fantázia hiánya, hanem biológiai hátrányosság. Én magam sem tartozom azon kevés emberek közé, akiknek kiemelked¿en magas számú ízlel¿bimbója lenne a szájában, de ett¿l függetlenül hiszem, hogy a bor jellegzetes ízvilága mindenki számára élvezhet¿ tud lenni. Szerettem volna ebben a könyvben feleleveníteni a borral kapcsolatos tudásomat, tapasztalataimat, és mindezt élvezhet¿ módon összefoglalva átadni az olvasónak. Kívánom, hogy mindenki találja meg a számára legkedvesebb borászatot, a legzamatosabb bort, és azt fogyassza jó egészséggel.

Taqdim etilayotgan uslubiy qöllanma ingliz tilshunosligining muhim yönalishlaridan biri ¿ ingliz tili grammatikasi masalalarini örganishga bag¿ishlangan. Uslubiy qöllanmada ingliz tili grammatikasini nazariy va amaliy jihatdan örganishga oid jihatlariga ham töxtalib ötilgan. Mualliflar uslubiy qöllanmada ingliz tili grammatikasini nazariy qoidalar, savol-javob, test va boshqa uslublar orqali oson va qulay örganishga e¿tibor qaratgan.Shu bois, mazkur ingliz tili grammatikasiga doir izlanishlar mualliflar tomonidan ilk bor örganilganligini e¿tiborga olib, uslubiy qöllanmada uchraydigan kamchiliklarni taklif va mulohaza sifatida bildirsangiz minnatdor bölamiz.

Swoewremennoe raspoznawanie i racional'naq terapiq tugouhosti pri wospalitel'nyh zabolewaniqh srednego uha sostawlqet odnu iz wazhnejshih zadach sowremennoj otorinolaringologii. Gnojnye wospaleniq srednego uha kak ostrye, tak i hronicheskie, do sih por ostaütsq odnim iz samyh rasprostranönnyh zabolewanij LOR organow i w strukture patologii LOR organow sostawlqüt ot 5,1 do 58% sluchaew, a ot 8,6 do 37% sluchaqh qwlqütsq prichinoj stepeni tugouhosti.V monografii proanalizirowany ätiologiq, patogenez, sowremennye metody diagnostiki i lecheniq bol'nyh s hronicheskimi wospalitel'nymi zabolewaniqmi srednego uha, razrabotan algoritm diagnostiki i lecheniq hronicheskih wospalitel'nyh zabolewanij srednego uha, dany rekomendacii wracham.Dannaq monografiq prednaznachena dlq magistrow otorinolaringologii, klinicheskih ordinatorow i wrachej otorinolaringologow.

O¿quv qo¿llanma 60111900- Maktabgacha va boshlang¿ich tälimda jismoniy tarbiya va sport sohasidagi talabalar, magistrantlar, o¿qituvchi va o¿quvchilar uchun mo¿ljallangan bo¿lib, maktabgacha tälimda jismoniy tarbiya faninning umumiy asoslari, maktabgacha tälim tizmida jismoniy tarbiyaning zamonaviy muomalari va mashg¿ulot jarayonida jismoniy mashqlar orqali bolalarni tarbiyalash va rivojlantrish bo¿yicha o¿quv materiallarini o¿z ichiga oladi. Qo¿llanma pedagogik oliy o¿quv yurtlari jismoniy tarbiya kafedralari, kollej o¿quvchilari, ixtisoslashtirilgan olimpiya zahiralari maktab-internatlari talabalari, o¿rganadigan trenerlar va sportchilarga qaratilgan.

Zilzila xavfi Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasi va Andijon shahri uchun haqiqatdir. Bu tasodifiylik, vaqtinchalik, yashirin xavf bilan xarakterlanadi bunga tabiiy va antropogen sabablar bor. Zilzila va seysmik xavf xavfli omillar täsirida aholini himoya qilish bo¿yicha materiallarning tahlili shuni ko¿rsatdiki, jamoatchilik birinchi bo¿lib murojaat qiladi va javob beradi; chora-tadbirlar majmuasini ishlab chiqish va amalga oshirish seysmik xavfni kamaytirish uchun aholining bilim potensialini yaratish va oshirishga imkon beradi. Bu tuzish bilan ehtimollik nazariyasi asosida zilzila oqibatlarini bashorat qilish tavsiya etiladi haletishda matematik modelini, hisobga olinadi. Obyektga zarar etkazuvchi omillarning täsiri jarayonlari va obyektning o¿zi bunga täsir etadigan qarshilik o¿rtasidagi o¿zaro bog¿liqlik - populyatsiya potensiali; seysmik xavf darajasiga qarab zilzila oqibatlarini bashorat qiladi.

A Szabadkától északnyugatra fekv¿ Kelebiai-tó a környék legrégibb tava. A XX. század közepéig jellemz¿ volt rá a magas vízszint illetve az áradások, ezért többször tervezték vízszintjének szabályzását árapasztó csatorna megépítésével. E célból többször végeztek munkálatokat is. A Szabadkától északabbra fekv¿ területeken az utóbbi évtizedekben jelent¿s talajvízszint csökkenés ment végbe. Többek között erre utalnak a növényvilágban végbemen¿ változások és a kiszáradt kutak. A talajvízszint csökkenés komoly problémát okoz úgy a természetes él¿világ fenntartásában, mint a földm¿velésben. A legszembet¿n¿bb változás a Kelebiai tónál figyelhet¿ meg. Ezekr¿l a változásokról még nem rendelkezünk mért adatokkal. A Kelebiai tó körül az 1980-as évek óta nem történt se talajvíz, sem tószint mérés. A tó jelenleg teljesen el van hanyagolva, átereszei el vannak töm¿dve, majdnem teljes felületét beborította a nád. A dolgozat keretein belül a Kelebiai tó jelenlegi állapotáról próbálunk els¿dleges adatokat szerezni. Az adatokra támaszkodva sikerült létrehozni a tó környéki terület talajvíz ingadozásának numerikus modelljét, annak reményében hogy segíti a tó vízmérlegének jobb megismerését.

Hronicheskie wospalitel'nye zabolewaniq gortani (HVZG) predstawlqüt soboj sobiratel'noe ponqtie dostatochno bol'shogo kolichestwa zabolewanij s razlichnoj ätiologiej. Nozologicheskie formy zabolewanij gortani pri ätom predstawleny w shirokom diapazone - ot funkcional'nyh rasstrojstw, priwodqschih k dyhatel'noj nedostatochnosti, dobrokachestwennyh obrazowanij gortani do grubyh, dlitel'no suschestwuüschih rubcowyh stenozow, trebuüschih prowedeniq slozhnyh rekonstruktiwnyh operacij. V monografii proanalizirowany ätiologiq, patogenez, sowremennye metody diagnostiki i lecheniq bol'nyh s hronicheskimi wospalitel'nymi zabolewaniqmi gortani, razrabotan algoritm diagnostiki i lecheniq hronicheskih wospalitel'nyh zabolewanij gortani, dany rekomendacii wracham.Dannaq monografiq prednaznachena dlq magistrow otorinolaringologii, klinicheskih ordinatorow i wrachej otorinolaringologow.

Ibn Sin¿ning ¿Q¿ysi bir ¿d¿m tibbiyot ilmini bilm¿y turib t¿biblik qils¿, u kishi j¿brl¿nuvchig¿ z¿mindir» - d¿g¿n gapid¿ tibbiyot etik¿si va m¿s`uliyati muj¿ss¿mdir. Bu fikr ins¿nshun¿slik f¿nl¿ri ¿ tibbiyot, p¿d¿g¿gik¿, psi¿¿l¿giya, lingvistik¿ v¿ etik¿ f¿nl¿ri ¿ldig¿ h¿m muhim v¿ d¿lz¿rb v¿zif¿l¿r yukl¿ydi. N¿vr¿l¿g v¿ psi¿¿l¿g ruhiy h¿l¿tni bilishg¿ q¿nch¿lik intilm¿sin, p¿d¿g¿g v¿ lingvist bil¿n birg¿likd¿ h¿r¿k¿t qilm¿s¿, ört¿d¿ b¿rk¿m¿l sh¿¿s t¿rbiyasi ¿qs¿b q¿l¿di. Ushbu m¿n¿gr¿fiyad¿ tibbiyot, n¿yr¿lingvistik¿ v¿ sh¿rq¿n¿ h¿yot f¿ls¿f¿si bil¿n b¿v¿sit¿ b¿g¿liq bölg¿n ins¿nl¿r¿r¿ mun¿s¿b¿tl¿rning m¿`yoriy h¿md¿ y¿tuk b¿rk¿m¿l sh¿¿s m¿`n¿viyatining sh¿kll¿nishid¿ ul¿rning örni m¿s¿l¿l¿rig¿ e`tib¿r q¿r¿tilg¿n.

Ona tili fani bo'yicha erkin ¿Faol ilmiy termin va tushunchalar o'quv lug'ati¿ oliy o'quv yurtlarining 60110500¿Boshlang'ich ta'lim yo'nalishi bakalavrlari, sirtqi hamda kechki ta'lim talabalar uchun Ona tili faniga. doir mavzu va matnlarda, ona tili darsliklarida yuzaga kelgan asosiy ilmiy terminlarning lug'aviy ma'nosi, izohi mavzu va matnlarda doir misollar atamalari. O' lug'ati ona tili fani o'qitiladigan barcha oliygoh talabalari, maktab o'qituvchilari, o'quvchilar, tadqiqotchi va ilmiy izlanuvchilar, umuman, barcha qiziquvchilarga mo'ljallangan.

Ushbu to'plam umumtälim maktablarining tarix fani o¿qituvchi va o¿quvchilari uchun mo¿ljallangan. A.Sagdullayev, V.Kostetskiylarning umumiy o¿rta tälim maktablari VI sinfi uchun tayyorlagan darsligi asosida tuzilgan. Unda turli topshiriqlar vositasida dars mashg¿ulotlari va darsdan tashqari vaqtlarda bajarish uchun mo¿ljallangan innovatsion texnologiyalar bilan boyitilgan. Foydalanuvchilar mazkur to'plamdan foydalanish natijasida ushbu davr doirasida pedagogik texnologiyalardan va turli interfaol usullardan foydalanish asosida bilim, malaka, ko¿nikmalar hosil qilishadi.

Ushbu öquv qöll¿nm¿ jismoniy m¿d¿niy¿t t¿¿lim yön¿lishi t¿l¿b¿l¿ri uchun ¿Jismoniy m¿d¿niy¿t n¿z¿riy¿si v¿ metodik¿si¿ f¿ni öquv d¿sturig¿ mos hold¿ t¿yyorl¿ng¿n bölib, und¿ jismoniy t¿rbiy¿ning ¿sosiy v¿ qöshimch¿ vosit¿l¿ri hisobl¿ng¿n jismoniy m¿shql¿r, ul¿rning kl¿ssifik¿tsiy¿si, t¿bi¿tning sog¿loml¿shtiruvchi kuchl¿ri h¿md¿ gigiyenik omill¿r va ushbu vosit¿l¿rning t¿¿sirini belgilovchi omill¿r h¿qid¿ b¿yon etilg¿n. Shuningdek, öquv qöll¿nm¿d¿n, ötilg¿nl¿rni t¿krorl¿sh uchun n¿zor¿t s¿voll¿ri, testl¿r v¿ gloss¿riyl¿r h¿m örin egallagan.

Mazkur monografiyada tilshunoslikda va tarjimashunoslikda ingliz va o¿zbek tillaridagi bevosita tarjimalarda kognitiv dissonans muammosini lug¿aviy-mänoviy, lingvopoetik, qiyosiy tahlil, sistem-struktur metod va usullardan foydalanish orqali o¿rganish va uni bartaraf etish omillari badiiy asar va so¿zlashuv nutqidan olingan misollar asosida tahlil qilingan. Ushbu monografiyadan lingvistika sohasi tadqiqotchilari, magistr hamda bakalavr talabalari foydalanishlari mumkin.

"Chinese-English Picture Dictionary" covers more than 100 basic situations in daily life and provides a dictionary of frequently used words. The reading of hieroglyphs is given by "pin in", that is, the method of reading accepted in China and all developed countries. In addition, "pin in" is provided with Chinese tone characters. Each section of the study guide contains a list of the most commonly used hieroglyphs, exercises, and questions.We hope that this book will attract the attention of our talented young people.

Maktab umummilliy dasturini rivojlantirishda pedagoglardan maktab tälimi darajasini fanning hozirgi darajasiga yaqinlashtirish, hayot va amaliyotning talablarini to¿laroq qondirishni talab qiladi. Maktablarda o¿quv laboratoriya uskunalari bilan jihozlash uslubiyatini joriy etishda o¿quv qo¿llanmalar, metodik ishlanmalar yaratishni taqazo etadi, shu nuqtayi nazardan muallifning ¿Fizikadan qisqacha mälimotnomäsi bugungi kundagi o¿quvchilarni amaliy masalalar yechishda o¿ziga xos mälumot bera oladi, bilim saviyasini, faolligini yuqori darajaga ko¿tarish uchun xizmat qila oladi. Ushbu qo¿llanma o¿rta maktablarda, kasb-hunar kollejlarida, akademik litseylarda o¿quvchilarni o¿qitishda va oliy o¿quv yurtlariga kirishga tayyorlashda nazariy-amaliy ko¿nikmalar berishda muhim o¿rin egallaydi.Ushbu mälum¿tn¿m¿d¿ el¿m¿nt¿r fizik¿ kursid¿n ¿s¿siy tushunch¿l¿r v¿ f¿rmul¿l¿r qisq¿ch¿ ¿ks ettirilg¿n. Shuningd¿k, mälum¿tn¿m¿ning il¿v¿ qismid¿ m¿s¿l¿l¿r y¿chish uchun z¿rur bo¿lg¿n bäzi fizik k¿tt¿likl¿r v¿ ul¿rning o¿lch¿v birlikl¿ri , fizik d¿imiyl¿r, qisq¿ch¿ m¿t¿m¿tik tushunch¿l¿r k¿bi muhim mälum¿tl¿r k¿ltirilg¿n.

Ushbu to'plamda Jahon iqtisodiyot va diplomatiya universiteti, Xalqaro huquq fakulteti talabasi To'xtayev Sardor Sulton o'g'lining ta'lim olayotgan sohasi bo'yicha yozgan maqolalari taqdim etiladi. Maqolalar asosan inson huquqlari, Konstitutsiya, jamiyat qoidalari, raqamlashtirish, sud ekspertiza sohasi, 3-rennessansdagi inqilobiy ozgarishlarning jamiyat hayotiga tasiri kabi masalalar muhokama etiladi. Ushbu maqolalardagi materiallardan ilmiy ishlarda hamda tahliliy va tandiqiy jarayonlarda foydalanish mumkin.

This manual is about how to learn and obtain four English skills. It consists of ten themes and all the themes play an important role in the students' studying who want to take any kind of English exam.Learning and teaching English is at the heart of the work of teachers and IELTS instructors. English is a world language, that provides access to diverse societies and expands people¿s horizons both personally and professionally. The ability to communicate in English builds connections and mutual understanding between people across the world. Each of the 4 skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing has an important role to play.We aim to improve the quality of English education, drawing on the experience and expertise of the UK, where both the language itself and learning approaches have evolved over hundreds of years.

Mazkur metodik qo`llanma O¿zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2021 yil 19-maydagi O¿zbekiston Respublikasida xorijiy tillarni o`rganishni ommalashtirish faoliyatini sifat jihatidan yangi bosqichga olib chiqish chora-tadbirlari to¿g¿risidägi PQ-5117-son qarori talablari asosida IELTS imtihoniga tayyorgarlik ko`rayotgan o`rganuvchilar, asosan umumiy ta`lim maktabning yuqori sinf o`quvchilari va o`qituvchilari, kasb-hunar kollejlar va akademik litseylar talabalari va o`qituvchilari, ingliz tili yo`nalishida tahsil oluvchi talabalar, IELTS imtihonidan yuqori ball olishga qiziqishi bor, ingliz tilini o`rganuvchilar uchun mo¿ljallangan bo¿lib, ushbu metodik qo`llanma IELTS imtihonidan yuqori ballni qisqa vaqt ichida qo`lga kiritish tiplari va te¿nikalarini ingliz va o¿zbek tillarida mustaqil o`rganishga imkoniyat beradi.

A case Study of Indian MSMEsThe United Nations General assembly has designated 27 June, 2023 as MSMEs Day to raise awareness about tremendous contribution of MSMEs (Micro, Small, & Medium-sized enterprises) to achievement of the United Nations SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). Small & Medium-sized enterprises are the lifeblood of many economies around the world and are important, especially in developing countries like India. The Indian MSME sector plays a crucial role in the development of the Indian economy. Its contribution to the country¿s GDP is nearly a third of the country's GVA (Gross Value Added) and it contributes nearly half of the country's exports. The sector is a major employer, especially in the country's rural and less developed areas helping reduce the regional imbalance. The sector also strengthens other industries by providing them with raw materials and ancillary products. Underscoring the importance of MSMEs the Finance Minister of India in her Budget on February 01, 2023 has proposed to spend a record Rs. 22,138 crores on allocations aimed at MSMEs.

Kazahstan geograficheski qwlqetsq perekrestkom, mestom wstrechi razlichnyh religij, kul'tur. Vliqnie ih otrazilos' na sfere zhizni kazahskogo naroda. Vnutri nashego gosudarstwa na protqzhenii mnogih stoletij prozhiwali predstawiteli rqda mirowyh religij. Tolerantnost' w duhownoj sfere kazahstancew qwlqetsq oporoj dlq sohraneniq mira i soglasiq. Odnako w istorii Kazahstana imeüt mesto stranicy, w kotoryh religioznye otnosheniq ne wsegda otlichalis' weroterpimost'ü. Jeto swqzano s rasprostraneniem prawoslawiq i netradicionnyh werowanij sredi korennogo naseleniq. V nachal'nyj period carizm podderzhiwal ukaznyh mull w dele islamizacii kazahow, naprawlqq ih w step'. «Indifferentnye kirgizy» po wyrazheniü russkih chinownikow, iskali otwety na woznikaüschie woprosy w religioznoj zhizni.V sbornike predstawleny materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, w kotoryh osweschaütsq i analiziruütsq razlichnye problemy istorii missionerstwa w Central'noj Azii s drewnejshih wremen do nashih dnej.

Ushbu monografiqda pedagogika olij ta'lim muassasalarida b¿lazhak fizika ¿¿ituwchilarining äxperimental kompetentligini takomillashtirishda laboratoriq mash¿ulotlarining tutgan ¿rni ¿amda ¿ozirgi kunda ushbu mash¿ulotlarni sifati wa samaradorligini oshirish muammolari tizimli tad¿i¿ ätilgan. Shuningdek, fizikadan laboratoriq mash¿ulotlarini tashkil ätish wa ¿tkazishning takomillashtirilgan qngi modeli ishlab chi¿ilgan ¿amda uning amaldagi modelga nisbatan samaradorligi konceptual zhi¿atdan asoslab berilgan.