Bücher veröffentlicht von LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Owing to its globally high prevalence, dental caries is a 'pandemic' disease characterized by a high percentage of untreated carious cavities causing pain, discomfort and functional limitations. Untreated carious cavities, furthermore, has significant impact on the general health of children and on social and economic wellbeing of communities. The focus on caries has recently shifted to the development of methodologies for the detection of the early stages of caries lesions and the use of non-invasive treatment for these lesions. So, diagnosis of dental caries at early stage is very important The focus on caries has recently shifted to the development of methodologies for the detection of the early stages of caries lesions and the use of non-invasive treatment for these lesions. The non-invasive treatment of early carious lesions by remineralization has the potential to be a major advance in the clinical management of the disease.

Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Mirik are hill stations in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is at an average elevation of 1,250 metres (4,101 ft). The precise etymology of the name Kalimpong means Land of Kings. The town is the headquarters of the Kalimpong subdivision, a part of the district of Darjeeling. Kalimpong is known for its educational institutions, many of which were established during the British colonial period. It was a gateway in the trade between Tibet and India before China's annexation of Tibet and the Sino-Indian War. Kalimpong and neighbouring Darjeeling were major centres calling for a separate Gorkhaland state in the 1980s and, more recently, in 2010. At the 2011 India census, Kalimpong had a population of 42,988, of which 52% were male and 48% female. At the 2001 census, Kalimpong had an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 84%, and female literacy was 73%. In Kalimpong, 8% of the population was under six years of age. The Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population for Kalimpong were 5,100 and 5,121 respectively.

This book has been devoted to Exfoliative Cytology and begins with the brief introduction of exfoliative cytology. The succeeding chapters deal with the current available techniques, branches of cytopathology, procedure, recent advances in exfoliative cytology, application in oral lesions, analysis of smear. This book will prove useful to the researchers in the field of exfoliative cytology. Also it would provide an easy way to understand for the undergraduate and postgraduate students about the exfoliative cytology in lucid and simple language. Inspite of sincere efforts, elements of human error or shortcomings are likely; the readers are welcome to point out all such mistakes and render valuable suggestions for further improvement and shall be greatly acknowledged.

Due to various circumstances within a computing system, it is essential to match incoming data with the received data to ensure the accurate retrieval of information. Data matching involves comparing different data sets to verify their consistency. If discrepancies are found, an appropriate algorithm is applied to identify and correct the inconsistencies. Given the universal need for accurate data retrieval, extensive research is being conducted in this domain. In this project, we propose a new architecture known as the Renovated Butterfly Weight Accumulator (BWAR), wherein the adder block is modified to calculate Hamming Distance, reducing complexity and enhancing efficiency. BWAR also incorporates a testable feature.

This book delves into the complex and challenging arena of counterterrorism strategies within the specific context of ethno-religious conflicts, drawing valuable lessons from the tumultuous landscape of North-Eastern Nigeria. Through the collaborative efforts of Elisha Bello, a Wildlife Trafficking Advisor with a deep commitment to security and community well-being, and Jason Baba Kwaghe, a seasoned chartered accountant and procurement specialist, the book comprehensively explores the strategies employed in this volatile region.Elisha Bello's expertise in security intelligence and risk management is combined with his research on the nexus between wildlife trafficking and terrorism in Africa, providing a unique perspective on the multifaceted challenges faced in counterterrorism efforts.Jason Baba Kwaghe¿s financial acumen and supply chain management skills add depth to the analysis, demonstrating the vital role of financial strategy in combating terrorism.Together, the authors dissect the intricacies of ethno-religious conflicts in North-Eastern Nigeria and evaluate the effectiveness of counterterrorism measures.

The attainment of a better understanding and improvement of electrical and mechanical properties of ternary polymer blends is a task of particular scientific and economic importance. Polymer physics is highly useful for understanding many scientific and technological problems associated with the use of such materials in modern engineering and technology. Polymers, defined as non-metallic materials, which can be molded to any shape and size by application of heat and pressure, have become substance of immense importance. Now a day¿s, the polymers are widely used in the construction, transportation, communication, electrical and textile industries and are highly useful in the aircraft, aerospace, nuclear and space technology as well as medical applications. With the growing demand for lightweight, high performance materials coupled with escalating costs of energy and petro-chemicals feed stocks, the last few years have seen a tremendous surge of interest in development of polymer blends. The combinations of low cost and light weight with superior mechanical and electrical properties are the main reason for increasing the research interest in the field of polymeric blends.

Issledowaniq, analiz i nowowwedeniq w sfere awtomobil'noj promyshlennosti. Innowacionnye tehnicheskie resheniq. Istoricheskij srez stanowleniq i razwitiq äpohi awtomobilestroeniq. Obsuzhdenie naprawleniq buduschih tehnologij i izmenenie portreta sowremennogo awtowladel'ca.

This book offers a detailed examination of the experiences of visually impaired learners in inclusive classrooms in Lesotho, focusing on instructional practices, access to learning materials, and the role of assistive technology. Drawing on in-depth case studies, it unveils the dominance of traditional teaching methods and their impact on learners' self-directed learning. The scarcity of textbooks, especially in accessible formats, is highlighted, uncovering the challenges faced by learners and the implications for their academic progress. The book delves into the critical issue of insufficient provision of assistive devices, and the potential of new technologies. It explores the emotional and educational impact of these challenges, shedding light on the importance of leadership support and proper training for effective integration of assistive technology.

Periodontal maintenance procedures involve the removal of plaque and calculus, and an evaluation geared toward identifying factors that may interfere with oral health. These visits may be scheduled every few weeks or as far apart as every six months. The dentist determines the frequency of the visits, which depends on the severity of the disease, the overall oral health, and the risk factors involved. Most people with a history of periodontal disease start with a three-month supportive periodontal treatment schedule. Each of these visits will include a review of the factors that interfere with periodontal health. After reviewing changes in the medical and dental history, an oral exam will be completed. During this visit, plaque and calculus are removed and the teeth polished. The effectiveness of the daily oral hygiene methods are evaluated and reviewed. Scientific research has proven that with meticulous daily plaque removal and periodontal maintenance procedures, the recurrence and progression of periodontal disease can be minimized. The best way to protect your periodontal and systemic health is to identify and treat periodontal disease recurrence in a timely manner.

The school initially opened in a cowshed to use the barns that were present at the time. Also, in some of the vacant spaces under the tree, work has begun on providing elementary education. After attending a preschool, Guruchand Thakur decided he required a high school because they must continue their studies. The caste of Girish Chandra Basu, a Ghritakandi inhabitant, is Kayastha. Prominent merchant in wood. Very wealthy. In this nation, there isn't a good hospital. Dr. Prohlad Roy, Professor of Visva Bharati, what can be done to build a university was the topic of discussion. At that time, Dr. Prohlad Roy was researching Guruchand's educational thought. They discussed and decided to send a letter to the West Bengal government informing them of the matter. What will be written in the letter? First, an award should be announced in the name of Harichand Thakur and Guruchand Thakur. The announcement of this award is to encourage those who do public welfare work, including education. Since the contribution of Harichand-Guruchand Thakur to the spread of society and education is undeniable, the award will be named after them. Secondly, there will be a university named after them.

The development of the strategic environment due to the Industrial Revolution 5.0 encourages the incorporation of technology into a series of innovative new weapon systems, one of which is directed energy weapons. Directed energy weapons (DEWs) are long-range weapons with focused energy such as lasers, microwaves, particle beams and sound beams without solid projectiles. Conventional weapons are based on the use of energy that propels a solid projectile using a warhead to interact with a target, the interaction triggers a damage mechanism that normally releases energy in various forms, tailored to the desired effect on the target. DEWs have a different approach of disrupting the energy levels that damage the target, the energy generated is directed and accumulatively absorbed by the target with a threshold that can result in damage ranging from nuisance, repairable to catastrophic. In addition to delivering and controlling electromagnetic energy in the form of lasers, microwaves, particle beams and sound beams, weapon systems in DEWs also deliver other electromagnetic energy in the form of photonic energy to nuclear radiation with pointing systems.

Modern optical science and healthcare are highly dependent on quantifying and qualifying the condition of function based on engineering structure with the help of sensors, which are altered in a wide range of parameters based on the physical environment. This book gives detailed information about fiber modelling, numerical techniques, and theoretical study on highly nonlinear optical sensors using photonic crystal fibers with the help of modulational instability/four-wave mixing techniques for better understanding. Also, the complete optimization of sensors has been discussed.

In "An Introduction to Environmental Studies" the reader embarks on a captivating journey into the multifaceted realm of environmental science. This book is a comprehensive guide that lays the foundation for understanding the intricate dynamics between nature and human society. Moreover, the book addresses the societal, economic, and ethical dimensions of environmental issues, shedding light on the policy frameworks and ethical considerations that drive positive change. It encourages readers to adopt an environmentally conscious mindset, empowering them to take informed actions for a more sustainable world. This book stands as an essential read for students, academics, and anyone eager to comprehend the complex interplay between humans and the environment. Through its engaging narrative and thought-provoking insights, "An Introduction to Environmental Studies" inspires a collective responsibility towards nurturing and preserving our precious planet for generations to come.

This book serves as a comprehensive guide for individuals interested in meta-analysis and systematic review. It is accompanied by numerous figures, tables, and examples to facilitate understanding of the discussed topics. Additionally, the book provides step-by-step instructions and testing procedures using IBM SPSS statistics in meta-analysis. The target audience of this book includes medical students and junior researchers. It aims to support them throughout the entire research process.

V rabote otrazheny analiz zabolewaemosti COVID-19 w Suzaxkom rajone Zhalal-Abadskoj oblasti, nachalo registracii, po polu, wozrastam, kontingentam, äpidemiologicheskij anamnezy, ochagi zabolewanij w period pandemii 2020 godu. V rezul'tate analiza zabolewaemosti pokazano nachalo zabolewaemosti COVID-19 s marta mesqce, sredi lic pribywshih iz Umra, i posleduüschem roste sredi kontaktnyh. Vysokaq zabolewaemost' zaregistrirowany COVID-19 w osennij period:- oktqbre i noqbre, zatem w letnij period: - w iüle. V rajone naibol'shego porazheniq stal wozrast -30-64 let. Zatem 65 let i wyshe i 18-29 let. Zaboleli COVID-19 po rajonu bol'she zhenschin, chem muzhchin. Naibol'shij, udel'nyj wes zabolewaemosti COVID-19 zaregistrirowan sredi nerabotaüschego naseleniq, zatem pensionery i medicinskie rabotniki. Po rajonu iz chisla medicinskih rabotnikow, zabolewshih COVID-19, sostawilo- 10,7%. Po äpidemiologicheskomu anamnezu bol'nye ukazali, chto mogli zarazitsq w drugih mestah -52,4% :- w t ch pribywshih iz Umry- 21,5%, kontaktnye Umra- 49,3% i t dr. V period pandemii w celqh dlq profilaktiki koronowirusnoj infekcii i okazaniq medicinskoj pomoschi naseleniq, organizowany izolqtory na 295 koek.

The all on four concept is one such procedure which enlightens us for its use in the completely edentulous patients and which also leaves behind the routine treatment alternative of conventional dentures with successful outcome in the short term, long term and retrospective studies that have been in the past. This concept has numerous advantages over conventional technique of implant placement. With this advent, tilting has replaced the concept of bone augmentation and thus reduced the cost of expenditure and time consumption and account for greater stability of prosthesis in edentulous patients.

River Godavari is well known for its dynamic environment, enriched by the nutrients proved to be a highly productive and prospective field to accomplish fishery research. A diversified array of teleostean fauna inhabits Godavari River and these piscian fauna in turn offers a diversified and favourable habitat to the metazoan parasites. Parasitology is a diverse and dynamic field which constantly enthralls the young generation to explore new inventions in this field. Increasing human activities and natural disasters like earth quakes, floods etc. have resulted in continuous changes in the ecological conditions which might result in extinction of old species and emergence of new ones, so it is always indispensable to have a persistent approach for the systematic study. The study of parasitic fauna in the fishes of Godavari River is an exceptional opportunity for parasitologists to disclose many parasites which are still awaiting discovery. This book would certainly provide sophisticated information about the metazoan parasites of metazoan parasite fauna of freshwater fishes of River Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India.

This book on "Analyzer and Report Generation Tool" is written with a view point of giving an exposure to the readers, for planning of large-scale simulation experiments, an efficient and flexible data collection and a statistically data analysis are important aspects to keep in mind. This tool allows a flexible and efficient data collection provides a software framework, which is fully integrated with NS2 that performs all the operations required to carry out simulation experiments in a statistically sound way. The framework allows a user to significantly reduce the post processing overhead and to save simulation time, especially with large-scale simulations.In my book a user is able to an integrated framework for network simulation easily, and the TCL scripts report generation and analyzer tool for statistical analysis of the simulated data with the ARGT (Analyzer and Report Generation Tool) for NS2 program.

TMJ-Temporomandibular joint imaging poses a challenge because of its combination of soft tissue and hard tissue components,anatomic positioning and its association with the surrounding structures.Multiple hard tissue and soft tissue imaging modalities are available for TMJ imaging.However, the choice of the imaging technique depends on multiple factors.Hence this book gives a valuable insight of different TMJ imaging techniques and disccuses their advantages and disadvantages.

Minimally Invasive Dentistry is the application of "a systematic respect for the original tissue". This implies that the dental profession recognizes that the artifact is of less biological value than the original healthy tissue. Minimally invasive dentistry is a concept that can embrace all aspects of the profession. Minimal Invasive Dentistry focuses on treating oral diseases, not just the signs and symptoms of oral disease. The ultimate goal is to prevent disease from occurring in the first place, or where disease already exists, to eradicate the disease and prevent it recurrence.

After five preceding sets of practical exercises laid forward in preceding manuscripts entitled, I have inspired from my previous taught classes, to produce this manuscript. Here, a successive set of 33 cohesively written practical exercises in softwares, pertaining to the field of ICT and Community Empowerment, has been laid forward, in a similar style as in the preceding manuscripts. This set of exercises apply better to beginner levels in university courses. Of course, its applicability to advanced level courses may be appreciated by many academicians to their discretion. It is retained here that adaptations of these exercises by academicians to their requirements is very possible. It is recommended for students to devise good/workable summary sheets for each exercise, along with writing proper report and referencing needed. For each exercise, a share of analysis is required to develop thinking and critical/professional abilities. Most exercises have been devised for computers/laptops along with the currently trending smart phones/tablets. Students should communicate properly with their coach, who in turn, are recommended to perform judicious follow-ups.

This virology textbook is a comprehensive guide to viruses, covering their structure, replication, pathogenicity, and the host immune response. It explores viral genetics, diagnostic techniques, and antiviral therapies. With a focus on emerging viral diseases and ethical concerns, it's an indispensable resource for students and researchers in microbiology and infectious diseases, providing a thorough understanding of viruses and their impact on public health.

Inflammation, a key defence response, results from cell damage caused by intrinsic (e.g. genomic instability) and extrinsic factors (e.g. infection, trauma, chemicals). Damaged cells release chemicals that attract immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to neutralise the threat. If successful, the acute inflammation is resolved; if not, chronic inflammation can develop, potentially triggering tumour formation. The link between inflammation and cancer was first reported in 1869 by Rudolf Virchow, who suggested that inflammation plays an important role in the development of cancer. This was based on research showing that cells at inflammatory sites proliferate uncontrollably, and that inflammatory cells were also found at tumour sites. The growing body of research on inflammation and colorectal cancer is clarifying the relationship between the two and helping to develop strategies for both prevention and treatment, particularly based on natural compounds. This book discusses the mechanisms of inflammation and its link to colorectal cancer, including the mediators involved.

Free radicals, molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons, are unstable and can form new compounds. They can come from inside the body (endogenous) or from outside (exogenous), and their overabundance leads to oxidative stress. If the body is unable to neutralise them, these radicals increase oxidation in cells, causing tissue damage. To mitigate this damage and prevent degenerative diseases, the consumption of natural antioxidants is essential. These compounds neutralise free radicals, protecting cells, proteins and fats. Their structure donates electrons to free radicals without altering their function, thus stopping the free radical chain reaction. For three decades, numerous studies have investigated free radicals, oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants in health. This book delves into these areas and provides the reader with a thorough understanding of their interplay.

Python is known as a very dense language, with lots of modules capable of doing almost anything. Python has a massive environment of extra modules that can provide functionality in hundreds of different disciplines. Python is no different in this regard. Here, we will look at commands that we consider to be essential to programming in python. All the basic commands, from importing extra modules at the beginning of a program to returning values to the calling environment at the end. Python, like the current list of variables that have been defined and how memory is being used. Because the python environment involves using a lot of extra modules, we will also look at a few commands that are strictly outside of python. We will see how to install external modules and how to manage multiple environments for different development projects. Since this is going to be a list of commands, there is the assumption that you already know the basics of how to use loops and conditional structures. This piece is designed to help you remember commands that you know yoüve seen before, and hopefully introduce you to a few that you may not have seen yet.

"Knowledge Sharing: A Structural Perspective of Kenyan Universities" explores the relationship between organizational structure and knowledge sharing in Kenyan higher education. This pioneering research, involving all 74 accredited universities, reveals a strong positive correlation between centralization and knowledge sharing, as well as the significance of complexity in this context. While integration displayed a positive relationship, it was not statistically significant, and formalization had no impact on knowledge sharing. The study emphasizes that organizational structure contributes significantly to knowledge sharing (65.8%) but underscores the role of other factors. The book recommends flexible structures and strategies to enhance interconnectedness for improved knowledge sharing in Kenyan universities, making it a valuable resource for administrators and policymakers.

This monograph comprehensively investigates the phenomenon of international cyber peacekeeping and develops recommendations for its practical implementation and legal regulation. The study covers the essence, goals, principles and modalities of cyber peacekeeping, proposes models for its application to prevent and resolve cyber conflicts, formulates the legal status of cyber peacekeepers, and develops the concept of an International Cyber Peacekeeping Convention along with templates for national legislation in this sphere. The research aims to provide a theoretical basis and legal framework for institutionalizing international cyber peacekeeping as an instrument that states and the international community can employ to promote cyber peace.

Like many aspects of health care, technological innovations in materials science, as well as development of new tools and techniques, drive advances in periodontal therapy. In this volume, I have attempted to provide the reader with a compilation of advanced knowledge of surgical periodontal therapy. In some respects, significant advancements are evident, such as the development of novel tools and surgical techniques for treatment of periodontal and mucogingival defects or as noted by advances in the use of laser energy to treat periodontal and peri-implant diseases as well use of loupes and surgical microscopes. Conversely, other techniques, such as periodontal resective surgery, have changed very little over time. Along with surgical techniques, advances in surgical materials has been noted.

Na segodnqshnij den' stomatologicheskij strah i trewoga ¿ stanowitsq wse bolee ser'eznoj i aktual'noj problemoj detskogo zdorow'q, kotoraq mozhet sluzhit' prepqtstwiem dlq kachestwennogo i wysokoäffektiwnogo stomatologicheskogo lecheniq. Bespokojstwo wo wremq priöma prepqtstwuet rebönku w polnom ob#öme dowerit'sq stomatologu, chto wedöt k wremennym izderzhkam, opredelönnym trudnostqm pri stomatologicheskom lechenii i ego nekachestwennomu ishodu. Sledowatel'no, stomatologicheskij strah i bespokojstwo mozhet rasceniwat'sq kak potencial'nyj prediktor razwitiq kariesa zubow. Na dannyj moment, znachitel'naq rasprostranennost' i intensiwnost' kariesa zubow schitaütsq dominiruüschej problemoj zdrawoohraneniq. Aktual'nost' problemy i nedostatochnyj urowen' nauchnyh issledowanij u detej s dentofobiej opredelili wybor tematiki dannoj knigi.

It is a well-known reality, nowadays, that the new economic and technological context, resulting from the active implications of globalization, has given rise to the rapid development of information and communication technologies that have immensely influenced education and training across Europe. Within this framework, there is an ever growing need for educators globally to effectively prepare their students for the involved technological and social challenges; something that, in reality, will constitute the starting point towards achieving future employment and social welfare. It thus becomes evident that technology in the new pedagogies is permeating real life learning goals, namely those relating to the creation of new knowledge in the world. In relation to the above, this book focuses on the impact of the New Pedagogies as perceived through the 21st century skills spectrum which are highly relevant to students¿ future academic progress so as for them to achieve, on a long-term basis, personal and professional excellence.