Bücher veröffentlicht von Our Knowledge Publishing

Like the law, jurisprudence is a source of law. Indeed, the law is sometimes incomplete, imprecise, and silent, and the judges must decide and decide by means of a rule of law which does not result from any text, or which is derived from an interpretation of this text or which is adapted from it. In common law countries, case law plays a particularly important role because the decisions of the courts of appeal are binding on lower courts hearing other cases, and those same courts of appeal are bound by their own judgments. This rule comes from the Latin phrase stare decisi ("to stand by the decision"). In contrast, countries with a Romano-Germanic tradition are very reluctant to attach importance to case law. This difference stems from the desire of these legal systems not to allow the courts to create law, but to leave this function to the legislature.

Through Talent factory, the company has been providing more than 165,000 hours of professional training each year for the past six years. However, the company only has the hours to measure its actions. Thus, the action-research was interested in the problematic "how to evaluate the usefulness of professional training in order to assess the training actions". In order to provide results, interviews and surveys were carried out with the participants using Donald Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model. The results showed that the training, according to the evaluation indicators, had beneficial effects on the participants and the departments. In fact, the analysis of the reaction, the learning outcomes, the transfer of skills and the return on investment have enhanced its actions.

Criminal law is defined as the law of repression of offences or as the set of rules whose purpose is to determine antisocial acts, to designate the persons who can be declared responsible and to fix the penalties applicable to them. Criminal law is therefore one of the prerogatives of public power whose purpose is to punish. It is therefore repressive before being preventive. It applies to an individual, understood as a person who must answer for his or her actions, or to a community through the repression of a certain number of offences committed in an organized gang, for example. This book aims to present, in a synthetic and structured way, all the knowledge that a student or a candidate to the administrative competitions must have on the Criminal Law. Criminal law is intended to be the voice of the wise who whisper and tend to remind us that each of us is responsible for his acts before the law and that no contravention, no misdemeanor and even worse, no crime can go unpunished.

An academic is a creator of knowledge and innovator in his field of study. This state of mind has put in us the idea of preserving all the knowledge produced in our practical works and put them to the public through this work. You will find 11 works that we were able to recover after the hard disk was damaged. We are among the postgraduate students at the University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, 2019-2021 cohort. At the end of each seminar, the law recommends that professors give learners practical work so that they can combine theory with practice. All our gratitude to Professors Jacques MANDOSI MAMPUYA, Stanislas KISANGANI ENDANDA, Dieudonné MUSA, Léon MBADU KHONDE, Denis LUFUNGULA, Jean Bosco MAHUNDA, Professor KANDALA, all of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Kinshasa for their precious orientations in the harmonious accomplishment of these practical works.

In the field of international taxation, it is assumed that CFC rules generally lead to an effective increase in the costs of capital. Although the existence of correlative effects between the anti-avoidance legislation CFC rules and the artificial modulation of the decisional behavior of investors is undeniable, the direction of this behavior has demonstrated specific parameters in the recent econometric analysis, insofar as a conjunction of variables, harmonized to the standards of different CFC rules, in its different parameters, have been considered. From a behaviourist point of view, this ratifies the conclusion, of that this legislation is effectively combative to the artificial detour of profits abroad. It further demonstrates the potential readjustment of multinational financial engineering to new tax-limit parameters in low-tax jurisdictions ("tax trigger"). Finally, it reveals that distinct CFC rules can generate similarly distinct outcomes, influencing the economic-rational behavior of agents in varying modulations and perspectives.

Doctors after death! This is the message of this Manifesto, which we welcome and wish to accompany with all our wishes its arrival on the newsstands. It heralds the era of a much needed ecological revival so that the Peoples of Africa can prosper in good health. The book focuses on unsustainable production and consumption patterns, particularly of electrical and electronic equipment, which, on the one hand, lead to threats and serious damage to human health, and on the other hand, impose increasingly heavy constraints and irreversible damage to the environment, to planet earth, our common habitat. An urgent appeal is made to States, Governments, companies, households, young people, individuals, in a word, to society to devise methods, take action and develop effective mechanisms and means to solve the now alarming problem of managing the growing quantities of hazardous electrical and electronic waste.

As Graham Allison wrote in 2013, "The question for the next few decades is how China and the United States can escape the 'Thucydides trap' - the conflict resulting from the rivalry between an emerging power and a ruling power, as between Athens and Sparta in the fifth century BC, or between Germany and its neighbours in the late 19th century. The rapid emergence of any new power disrupts the status quo. Historically, in 11 out of 15 cases since 1500, this has ended in war. Historically the thalassocratic powers have always prevailed. Thucydides' trap is closing in the stratosphere, the oceans and the web, spaces of lawlessness.

The space of the information said in Cilubà in Mbujimayi is an ethnographic study of the use of African languages in the media. Journalists translate Cilubà from French every time they want to inform. Why go through a foreign language to inform? This is the question that this study tries to answer. It is an application of the constructionist approach to communications.

The essential question that we will try to answer in this paper is the following: Doesn't informal work, by its growing scope (number of workers) and its rapid extension (within more and more social strata), signify profound changes in the relationship to officially regulated wage labor? From this point of view, informal work is a reminder, through its socio-anthropological dimensions, that the state cannot claim to exercise any monopoly on social organization. The extended reproduction of informal activities means that the massive intervention of the state faces the opposition of society on the very ground that it has chosen: the economy structured around industrialization and officially regulated wage labor. This approach is part of a research problematic that aims to grasp the meaning of what we believe should be identified as emerging social realities in Algeria. We will then attempt to specify the concept of proximity and coopetition in relation to the informal sector and based on entrepreneurship and the creation of micro enterprises.

In 2006, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) entered a new era with the holding of plural and democratic elections. In this new era, civil society, which had claimed to be both the "vanguard" and the "watchdog" of democratization and peacemaking, found itself in a state of lethargy, divided and confused by politics. This raises questions about the commitment of civil society actors in times of conflict, while it is lethargic in post-conflict periods. Also, as in other African countries, Congolese civil society suffers from a tailor's complex and has difficulty integrating the dynamics of protest. This study is built around a systemic analysis and a Herculean challenge that must be the main societal task that will bring civil society in line with its original function.

The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 includes education and health among the fundamental rights. Education is supported by the Directives and Foundations of National Education, and health by Law No. 8.080/1990, which created the Brazilian Unified Health System. These statements require public human, material, physical and financial resources for service delivery, according to the basic elements required for a cost study that focuses on efficiency, effectiveness and economy, enshrined in the legal prerogatives of an economic, financial and fiscal nature. In conclusion, we conclude that it is possible to measure the amount of resources allocated to health education, based on PPP, by increasing the expenditure of resources allocated by the institutional entity to the annual workload of the disciplines. It allows us to demonstrate the efficiency, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and transparency of the process, being an indispensable tool for decision-makers in resource-poor decision-making.

The 21st century is finally seeing the lines move with respect to the policy of the French national education system towards its allophone population, and more particularly towards the overseas students who speak indigenous languages. It is in this context that the case of the department of Guyana, with its linguistic mosaic, presents itself as a laboratory of educational systems responding to the challenges of cultural and linguistic otherness. At the forefront of Amerindian claims, the Kali'na people, because of their dynamism and coastal location, and more particularly the ethnically homogeneous commune of Awala-Yalimapo, presented unique characteristics. This study was able to examine the sociolinguistic and educational situation at a pivotal moment: the era of mother-tongue speakers and the transformation of the Yamanale school into a bilingual Kali'na-French school with equal hours. May the observation of the sociolinguistic impacts and the mechanisms of the implementation of the new system allow us to progress in our approach to cultural-language problems.

The economic context in Cameroon and in the subregion in general is marked by a low rate of bank penetration of about 10%. This can be explained by the mistrust and opacity that characterize the banking world, which is essentially governed by custom and jurisprudence. Most of the banker's obligations are not codified, which creates a certain legal vagueness, which generally benefits the banker. We are interested in the banker's obligation of vigilance, which is increasingly mentioned in the context of the fight against money laundering and the protection of the consumer, considered as a weak party. This is the set of general control measures which the banker is bound to take with regard to the client and third parties, as opposed to the verification measures specific to the fight against money laundering, which he is bound to take with regard to the public authorities. It is a question for us of establishing the legal regime of this obligation, by highlighting on the one hand its constitutive elements and on the other hand the banker's responsibility.

Modeling is a powerful tool that allows the reproduction of complex ecosystems involving numerous interactions between the components of the system. In the field of agricultural hydraulics, data on rainfall and runoff constitute the raw material on which the calculations of the various hydrotechnical works are based. The lack of data and their qualities make modeling an indispensable means; it allows to complete the historical information and reproduces as faithfully as possible the observed series while bringing new information concerning their long-term behavior.

This book is the restitution of a sum of experiences that we have lived, during almost two decades, during which we had a fruitful companionship with several community radios, in different countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The book proposes, quite simply, to share with the readers, the ups and downs of the journey of the community radio activist that we are. Thus, the book refuses to be a guide or a manual that gives precise directions or shows the marked out directions to take. It is difficult to indicate the path to follow in a field as complex as community radio, which addresses a diversity of targets living in environments with such different socio-cultural realities. Instead, we have chosen to relate events that we have experienced with community radios and to explain the happy or unhappy consequences that have resulted from them. Then we revealed the lessons we learned, expressed the ideas that these moments inspired and formulated the questions that they raised, before indicating some attempts at answers.

If there is a cancer that has and continues to cause controversy, it is stomach cancer. It was in 1835 that J. Curveilhier described the first case of stomach cancer. Despite the improvement of the management and the new therapeutic modalities, this cancer remains very aggressive, with a strong malignant potential. Through this work, the author has tried to transmit some essential points on this cancer and its management.

This book reflects on tourism management and waste management (solid elements) in the canton of Puerto Quito, especially in some local lodging sites. It also allows determining the alternatives for environmental awareness and other activities that can be developed for better waste management, considering that Puerto Quito (province of Pichincha, Ecuador) has a diversity of relevant natural attractions: waterfalls, native tropical flora and fauna, places for extreme sports, as well as lodging sites with internal recreational elements, which could be affected if current waste management activities are not improved. We worked with three companies involved in tourism operations in the canton of Puerto Quito and the type of waste management they carry out.

In Tunisia, the use of medicinal plants is widely answered and occupies a major place in the treatment of various diseases. Our study allowed us to conclude the beneficial effects of the administration of the aqueous extract of the pomegranate in the prevention of the toxic effects of free radicals during oxidative stress. This work allowed us to reach the following conclusion: We have evaluated the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract, furthermore, our results show that the extract of the plant (Punica granatum) causes an improvement of the antioxidant status at the hepatic level as well as the improvement of the transaminase (ASAT) and the plasma LDH. Indeed, the decrease of MDA concentration, increase of thiol group (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity at the hepatic level in rats treated with the extract show the antioxidant properties of Punica granatum. In conclusion, Punica granatum is a plant rich in therapeutic compounds.

This book appears in a context where the Democratic Republic of Congo still presents an extroverted economy, and an organizational deficit of institutions. Taking into account the mobilization of development energies that each country has, we want to try to understand the meaning of this mobility, if the Congo is launched at this decisive turning point of the world today and want to understand what must constitute the strategy of strength for the Democratic Republic of Congo in this neoliberal competition. Thus, this book has given itself the task of identifying these assets that must give weight to the DRC and allow it to conquer the economic world. It is a question for the Congo to take a new commitment as a means of possibility to rebuild the country on the basis of alternative theories of the emergence.

This study focuses on the analysis of a specific category of children in difficult situations: talibé children. They can be found in many West African cities, wandering around begging for alms with a tin can in their hands. These children are pupils of Koranic homes, the basis of Islamic education. But these homes, run by Koranic teachers, are neither recognised nor subsidised by the state, leading to the marginalisation of the talibés. With no financial or material support from their parents, who often remain in the villages, the majority of these children beg for food most of the day. They are at risk of moving from the status of a talibé child to that of a street child. In this study, we have tried to understand these homes and to analyse the realities that enable and promote their existence. Our hypotheses are that a certain weakness of the state allows their emergence, their activity, and their permanence within Burkinabe society.

This book attempts to reflect on the understanding of paranormal phenomena from its anthropological substrate. In a multidimensional perspective, Hebga will establish a link between the conception of the human compound and the paranormal phenomena. It follows that in the era of postmodernity, one must take into account all the cultural aspects of the African man that Westerners qualify as irrational in order to realize the project of plural rationality. The hermeneutic method will allow us to reach the path of reason and science.

Two of the most common anatomical defects that occur in swine are scrotal hernias and umbilical hernias with a frequency of 1.7 to 6.7%. They are produced by weakening of the muscles around the umbilical stump, causing its opening with the intestines coming out and giving an appearance of mass in the anatomical area. The abdominal contents are enveloped by the parietal peritoneum. Diagnosis is basically clinical, with palpatory signs such as ring, continent and hernial contents, which are reduced with manual pressure. Radiology and ultrasonography are used as confirmatory techniques.Although there are several surgical techniques for correction, there is no one that is accepted as the best worldwide by surgeons. For this reason, new methods are always being sought that meet all expectations when performing herniorrhaphy, such as easy to practice, minimally invasive, effective, not requiring specialized instruments and demanding surgical environments, as well as biomaterials that meet some of the above requirements plus tissue acceptance at the site of implantation.

Agriculture is a key lever for Brazil's economic development. The agro-industrial sector is expanding rapidly, ensuring large-scale agricultural production that enables the country to remain competitive on the world market. At the same time, however, there is an aspect to consider: agriculture is not necessarily subject to the laws of the market. It is by accepting this reality that one realises that an alternative exists to agricultural entrepreneurship. An essentially subsistence peasant agriculture that has always existed. It is in this context that this study seeks to understand the mechanisms at work and their impacts. In order to understand the components of this category, we will first retrace the context of its emergence. We will then compare two forms of family organisation. The aim will be to highlight the elements of reflection useful to this study in order to demonstrate the complexity of family farming in Brazil. Finally, a last part will be the object of a research work based on the concept of the multifunctionality of family farming.

It is a question, like all bosses introduced into politics, of safeguarding and preserving business interests, acting as a group of influence and pressure, lobbying, guaranteeing the company decision-making power over the defence budget, the arms trade and military aviation. Some commentators will approach the subject in the global context of a multinational controlling national economic activity. The emergence of this family group established a particular relationship with the State services. Serge Dassault, by becoming a socio-logical product of the capitalist doctrinal establishment, inscribed the economic and ideological orientation of his industry. Marcel Dassault, on the other hand, the very designer of his industrial empire observes a multidimensional role. Industrialist, engineer, aircraft manufacturer, boss, politician, deputy, he instituted a redefinition of the parameters of management and industry at the heart of the state apparatus.

This research work is interested in the determinants of the use of an accounting software. It is based on a quantitative methodological approach that takes a positivist, hypothetical-deductive stance, allowing us to test our hypotheses. Indeed, based mainly on the TAM model (technology acceptance model), and inspired by other models such as UTAUT, we build our conceptual model made up of eight variables. And we formulate seven hypotheses, which we test using SPSS software.23 The results of this work confirmed six hypotheses, and unexpectedly rejected the hypothesis that perceived risk influences actual use, paving the way for further research in this direction. Nevertheless, these results are reinforced by the importance of some less publicized determinants such as social influence and the user's level of education. Indeed, as a result of these results, recommendations were made for accounting software developers and for SME managers.

In railway construction one of the priority issues is the development of technologies and materials aimed at maximum damping of vibrodynamic impacts arising during the movement of trains, reducing their harmful effects on the railroad track, as well as improving the safety and comfort of their movement. One of the effective ways to reduce vibrodynamic loads in the area of the rail joint is the use of elastic under-rail pads. Scientific bases of rubber modification by additives of different nature formed as a result of numerous researches and confirmed by practice have played an important role in the development of composite rubber-technical products technology.It is recommended for the undergraduates, senior researchers of the applicants and independent applicants as well as for the engineers and technicians of the building materials industry and building industry.

The advent of a multiparty system imposed on African presidents at the 16th France-Africa summit in La Baule from 19 to 21 June 1990 could not really bring about a positive change in the political system established in the Central African Republic from 1960 to 1990, which was based on a single party system with its corollaries, such as dictatorship, clanism, mismanagement, nepotism, business dealings and clientelism. President Ange Félix Patassé and the MLPC, after three years in power, showed their limitations by perpetuating the old system, which led to crises in the country and allowed General François Bozézé to succeed in his coup d'état on 15 March 2003.

Field service companies are facing upheavals in the management of their day-to-day business, which is leading their customers to be more and more demanding. To meet these new expectations and deliver a better service, it is necessary to reorganise, particularly by adapting to digital technologies. This means, in part, improving the conditions of mobile technicians, through the deployment of mobile solutions adapted to their uses and constraints. The need is for both a hardware and a software solution. The integration of a new tool into an information system requires the expertise of a specialised company. A co-development process is therefore needed to take advantage of all the qualities of an on-site service company and an IS integrator specialising in UX/UI. This book offers an outline of the mutual growth opportunities that can exist between these two types of organisations.

The main purpose of this study is to find out the origin and use of firewood in artisanal bakeries in Kinshasa. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) being a developing country, the destruction of forests is fashionable because it provides wood that is used as the main source of energy. Faced with this reality, we decided to conduct a series of data collection surveys to find out the origin and use of this wood in artisanal bakeries. The data collected through the documentation allowed us to highlight the information obtained from the surveys. The results obtained show that 93% of the bakeries do not have forest concessions and use different methods to obtain wood, these methods are almost totally informal since only 7% of bakeries obtain wood legally (from companies recognized for the sale of wood).

Is there anything greater than morality? Should we leave what we love most in the name of the Absolute? These questions cannot appear insignificant, nor can they be ex nihilo. Because, in the light of Kierkegaard, we have sought, found and exposed the original and rational arguments to demonstrate the superiority of religious ethics over human ethics and of the individual-singular over the general. In front of faith, human reason becomes limited and spirituality imposes itself. Obviously, the requirement of the absolute duty towards the founding Ontology, which surpasses morality and suspends social norms, Kierkegaard names it teleological suspension of ethics. In fact, the human existence cannot be understood in the system, but rather in the realization of the individual-singular. That is why then he undertakes the revolutionary iconoclasm towards the Hegelian system and the religious worldliness. With his original arguments he has much to propose with all the fullness the freedom to choose the complete armor of the individual-singular in order to face courageously the existential challenges alienated in the shackles of the system.