Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer International Publishing

This book examines budgeting by analyzing the local government budget as a complex system, thus adding a new dimension to traditional budget textbooks. It is designed to complement existing texts¿not replace¿by putting the budget in a complex system, general equilibrium framework. A complex systems framework adds to conventional budget analysis in at least four ways: It looks at the budget as the result of many variables that are outside the finance department¿s purview; it understands that there are multiple interdependences among these variables; it suggests analysis of non-obvious relationships among actions in the budget process in order to optimize results; and it argues that the actors in the process must understand that their budgetary behaviors have indirect and far-reaching implications that go beyond the budget document. This book also uses concepts seldom discussed in the budgetary literature¿that of governance, including concepts of the facilitative state,with adjustments for exogenous shocks; the forms of decision making; and the political climate of the jurisdiction. This framework notes methods of success of firms in the private sector that operate in environments of rapid technological change. While becoming a popular theoretical framework for how private sector firms change, dynamic capability analysis has received little attention in the public management field. This book utilizes DC since public sector organizations also face rapidly changing environments. Lastly, the book discusses the potential relationship between the local budget and local community welfare maximization.

This book focuses on the implications of digitalisation in the mobility service industry. Based on an analysis of more than 450 survey responses, it explores and assesses mobility in the age of digitalisation. The content covers both changes in the relationship between the company and its customers and a potential paradigm shift among leading companies. The findings suggest that a shift from traditional mobility management to a more customer-centred management perspective is both widely accepted and increasingly necessary. Nevertheless, the inclusion of services that are not primarily concerned with overcoming spatial distances is considered to be less attractive.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and professionals who are involved in digitalisation in the mobility service industry.

This book presents a synthesis of critical new information for the Melastomataceae, one of the ten richest families among flowering plants with over 5,800 species that has its diversity highly concentrated in tropical or subtropical areas. It describes the family's global diversity and distribution and summarizes recent advances in systematics, evolution, biogeography, reproductive biology and ecology.

This book presents conference articles related to environmental pollution and natural resource management, and environmentally friendly technologies that lead to sustainable development presented in the Conference "e;Sustainable Management of Environment & Natural Resource Through Innovation in Science and Technology"e;. The book highlights the latest development and innovation in environmental science, technology, and interdisciplinary research to improve the environment and health safety. It includes innovations and improvisations in the broad area of science and technology, natural resource, and environment management. It deliberates on the current burning issues of environment protection management and sustainable development, environmental pollution, global warming, and climate change.The development strategies must therefore be shaped by the following components:The satisfaction of basic human requirementsThe eradication of povertySelf-reliant and participatory developmentEnvironmental consciousnessTechnology has to play a critical role in the process of changing industrial society. But innovation has to be embedded in social and organizational innovation. This book provides a wide range of research articles in the area of science and technology, sustainability, natural resource management, ecology and its environmental fields, geosciences and geology, atmospheric sciences, sustainability, climate change, and extreme weather, global warming, and environmental change, the effect of climate change on the ecosystem, environment, and pollution.

In each of Platös ¿dialogues of definition¿ (Euthyphro, Laches, Meno, Charmides, Lysis, Republic I, Hippias Major), Socrates motivates philosophical discussion by posing a question of the form ¿What is F-ness?¿ Yet these dialogues are notorious for coming up empty. Socrates¿ interlocutors repeatedly fail to deliver satisfactory answers. Thus, the dialogues of definition are often considered negative¿ empty of any positive philosophical content. Justin C. Clark resists the negative reading, arguing that the dialogues of definition contain positive ¿Socratic¿ answers. In order to see the positive theory, however, one must recognize what Clark calls the "dual function" of the ¿What is F-ness?¿ question. Socrates is not looking for a single type of answer. Rather, Socrates is looking for two distinct types of answers. The ¿What is F-ness?¿ question serves as a springboard for two types of investigation¿ conceptual and causal. The key to understanding any of the dialogues of definition, therefore, is to decipher between them. Clark offers a way to do just that, at once resolving interpretive issues in Socratic philosophy, providing systematic interpretations of the negative endings, and generating important new readings of the Charmides and Lysis, whilst casting further doubt on the authenticity of the Hippias Major.

This comprehensive volume covers all aspects of the revolution in prenatal diagnosis brought about by the introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), which primarily relies on the detection of free fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood from the early stages of pregnancy. The book explores the potential of NIPT to provide full genome screening of the fetus and identify many common or rare disorders. The counseling process, as well as the limitations and pitfalls of various techniques used to perform NIPT, are described, evaluated, and critically discussed by renowned international experts. The book also compares the new technology with more conventional tests, preimplantation diagnosis, and the invasive procedures currently in use.This book will be a valuable resource for gynecologists, obstetricians, geneticists, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, pathologists, neonatologists, reproductive medicine specialists, midwives, and anyone interested in prenatal geneticdiagnosis.

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications, a major socio-economic burden for health care systems. The worldwide prevalence of obesity doubled since 1980 and as a consequence the number of patients with diabetes has been continuously rising with more than 450 Mio. people suffering from this disease at the present time. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular pathways leading from excessive fat accumulation to metabolic perturbation and finally diabetes manifestation. This edition of the "e;Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology"e; aims to analyze new insight into the pathophysiology of obesity, to decipher the complex links to diabetes and its complications, and to collect most recent information on new strategies for prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes.

This book provides design-oriented models for the implementation of ultra-low-voltage energy harvesting converters, covering the modeling of building blocks such oscillators, rectifiers, charge pumps and inductor-based converters that can operate with very low supply voltages, typically under 100 mV. Analyses based on the diode and MOSFET models are included in the text to allow the operation of energy harvesters from voltages of the order of 100 mV or much less, with satisfactory power efficiency. The practical realization of different converters is also addressed, clarifying the design trade-offs of ultra-low voltage (ULV) circuits operating from few millivolts.Offers readers a state-of-the-art revision for ultra-low voltage (ULV) energy harvesting converters;Provides analog IC designers with proper models for the implementation of circuits and building blocks of energy harvesters, such as oscillators, rectifiers, and inductor-based converters, operating under ultra-low voltages;Addresses the design of energy harvesters operating from ultra-low voltages, enabling autonomous operation of connected devices driven by human energy;Demonstrates design and implementation of integrated ULV up-converters;Includes semiconductor modeling for ULV operation.

This book tackles the problem of complexity within IT environments, i.e., "e;Cybercomplexity,"e; which is generally recognized as a principal source of cybersecurity risk. The book first defines complexity and simplifies its analysis by assuming a probabilistic approach to security risk management. It then proposes a simple model of cybercomplexity that is based on Shannon entropy, a basic concept in information theory. The key drivers of cybercomplexity emerge from this model, where these drivers reveal the scale-dependence of cybersecurity risk and explain why macroscopic security controls are required to address cybersecurity risk on an enterprise scale. The significant operational implications of cybercomplexity are also discussed, thereby providing both a theoretical framework and a practical guide to addressing this longstanding problem in cybersecurity risk management.        

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the workshops that were affiliated with the 26th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, FC 2022, which was held in Grenada during May 2022. FC 2022 presents the following four workshops:CoDecFin 2022: 3rd Workshop on Coordination of Decentralized FinanceDeFi 2022: 2nd Workshop on Decentralized FinanceVoting 2022: 7th Workshop on Advances in Secure Electronic VotingWTSC 2022: 6th Workshop on Trusted Smart Contracts

The book explores the key factors affecting the successful implementation of public participation spatial systems in participatory planning as part of the urban governance system. It brings insight from nation-wide research in the Czech Republic and the implications to other countries in the region and beyond. The main aim of the proposed book is to analyse the state-of-the-art of using geoparticipatory tools for citizens' participation in community decision-making process and to suggest the effective implementation of the geoparticipatory tools available in urban governance.This book explores the situation in the Czech Republic as a representative of for Eastern Bloc country, three decades after the political transition, on its way to public participation in local and urban governance. The active involvement of the citizens into the local and urban decision making process via geoparticipatory spatial tools is becoming a popular research field among human geographers, behavioural geographers, GIS scientists, environmental psychologists, policy scientists and many others scientific areas.

This book represents an innovative approach to the assessment and diagnosis of both common and relatively uncommon oral diseases. It introduces the reader to adopt a systematic, analytical approach to gather clinical information and understand the underlying pathological processes to arrive at an accurate diagnosis to help efficient management of diseases in the oral and maxillofacial region. The book covers pulp and periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, granulomatous disorders and salivary gland disorders. Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts, fibro-cemento osseous lesions, oral ulcerations, infections, tumours, reactive lesions, and oral manifestations of autoimmune and haematological disorders too are presented. High-resolution clinical radiographic and histopathological images complement the text. Additional illustrations, flow charts, and a simplified diagnostic algorithm facilitate understanding the intricate diagnostic process. Self-assessment questions in each chapter will stimulate readers¿ interest. The book focuses on problem-based and case-based learning. The correlations elaborated between clinical scenarios and their pathological basis will provide both the students and practitioners with the information required to master and unravel the complexities of the diagnosis and management of oral diseases.

The use of small unoccupied aerial systems (sUAS) for acquiring close-range remotely sensed data has substantially increased in the past 5 years. A primary focus of early research was on physical systems and photogrammetric techniques. However, as sUAS technology continues to improve and more sophisticated payloads are utilized, such as lidar and multispectral cameras, applications have expanded to nearly all subdisciplines within Geography. This edited volume is intended to showcase the various ways in which sUAS are used in geographic research, including geomorphology, environmental and hazard monitoring, biogeography, and urban and sociocultural geography.

This volume offers a comparative survey of diverse settler colonial experiences in relation to food, food culture and foodways - how the latter are constructed, maintained, revolutionised and, in some cases, dissolved. What do settler colonial foodways and food cultures look like? Are they based on an imagined colonial heritage, do they embrace indigenous repertoires or invent new hybridised foodscapes? What are the socio-economic and political dynamics of these cultural transformations? In particular, this volume focuses on three key issues: the evolution of settler colonial identities and states; their relations vis-à-vis indigenous populations; and settlers¿ self-indigenisation ¿ the process through which settlers transform themselves into the native population, at least in their own eyes. These three key issues are crucial in understanding settler-indigenous relations and the rise of settler colonial identities and states.

How we understand what procedure is due as a fundamental or constitutional right can have a critical impact on designing a civil procedure. Drawing on comparative law and empirically oriented methodologies, in this book the author provides a thorough analysis of how procedural due process is understood both in national jurisdictions and in the field of international human rights law.The book offers a suitable due process theory for civil matters in general, assessing the different roles that this basic international human right plays in comparison with criminal justice. In this regard, it argues that the civil justice conception of due process has grown under the shadow of criminal justice for too long. Moreover, the theory answers the question of what the basic requirements are concerning the right to a fair trial on civil matters, i.e., the question of what we can and cannot sacrifice when designing a civil procedure that correctly distributes the risk of moral harm while remaining accessible to people with complex and simple legal needs, in order to reconcile the requirements of procedural fairness with social demands for justice.This book makes a valuable contribution to the field of civil justice, legal design, and access to justice by providing an empirically based normative theory regarding the right to a fair trial. As such, it will be of interest to a broad audience: policymakers, practitioners and judges, but also researchers and scholars interested in theoretical questions in jurisprudence, and those familiar with empirical legal studies, comparative law, and other socio-legal studies.