Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Nature Singapore

This book covers a wide range of the issues in development studies. Recognizing the existence of manifold challenges in achieving and sustaining economic development, it is divided into four sections-(i) The Macroeconomy: Foreign Trade, Structural Transition and the Environment, (ii) Health and Standard of Living, (iii) Education, Human Capital and Evolution of the Employment Quality in India, and (iv) Banking and Credit: Access, Efficiency and Stability. The book brings together a right mix of senior and young economists who use cutting edge econometric techniques and/ or revisit a perennial question with much sharper focus and tools to unravel insights that are important and will inform tomorrow's theorisation and policy making. The volume looks at important questions like spatial concentration of low infant and child health outcomes, trade liberalisation and export quality, intergenerational occupational mobility, multidimensional poverty incidence in rural India, robustness of the banking sector, to name a few. To do so, the contributions use novel and esoteric methods like machine learning, spatial econometrics, system GMM, quintile regression and counterfactual decomposition (QRCD), and so on. The rich collection holds importance for researchers and policy makers alike, and also for practitioners working in different developmental sectors..

This book is a collection of extended versions of papers presented at the KES Covid-19 Challenge international summit. The book focusses on technological, economic, and social developments to combat the effects of global and local disasters as well as the ways in which the recovery from Covid can be used to build more resilient and sustainable communities, industry, and improve the environment. It also discusses the global challenges of human-influenced climate change. There are chapters on making cities and communities more resilient through energy self-sufficiency, food production, resilient housing and buildings, human health and intelligent systems e.g. for forecasting and prediction.

This book is a collection of comprehensive reviewed chapters covering major physiological aspects, both production as well as biochemical aspects, of a plant under low temperature stress. Low temperature stress has been dealt in two parts, first between 10 to 00 C and secondly between 0 to -400 C. This book highlights the physiological aspects of plants under low temperature stress and explains the various adaptive measures plants undergo to tolerate low temperature stress. Essential information is provided on germination, growth and development, dry matter accumulation, partitioning and final yield of a crop plant. As physiology deals with morphological and biochemical aspect of all the basic processes, therefore an in depth understanding the major physiological issues in plants under high temperature will help plant breeders to tailor different crop plants with desirable physiological traits to do better under higher temperature. The present book is intended to cover the effects of low temperature stress on the various physiological aspects in plants. Not only in production physiology, this book also deals with major biochemical processes, like photosynthesis, nitrogen and lipid metabolism, mineral nutrition and plant growth hormones. Efforts have been made deal with different measures to mitigate the effects of low temperature stress on plants. This book will be an asset for post graduate students, faculty members, researchers engaged in not only in physiological studies but also agronomy, plant breeding and like subjects. In depth analysis of the major physiological processes in plants under low temperature stress that are presented in this book will help plant breeders for tailoring crops for desirable physiological traits needed to survive and to give better economic return under the threats of low temperature stress. This book is also helpful for policy planners and industries engaged in agribusiness in short term as well as long term gain.

The book presents the state of the art of the Internet of Things (IoT), applied to Human-Centered Design (HCD) projects addressed to ageing users, from the perspective of health, care and well-being. The current focus on the ageing population is opening up new opportunities for the development of niche solutions aimed at the niche category of older users who are beginning to experience physical and cognitive decline but are still independent and need to maintain their autonomy for as long as possible. The combination between the needs expressed by older users and the opportunities offered by the recent innovative technologies related to the Internet of Things allows research institutions, stakeholders, and academia to target and design new solutions for older users, safeguarding their well-being, health, and care, improving their quality of life. This book discusses and analyses the most recent services, products, systems and environments specifically conceived for older users, in order to enhance health, care, well-being and improve their quality of life. This approach is coherent with the percept of AAL or enhanced living environment, looking to the users' comfort, autonomy, engagement and healthcare. The book describes and analyses aspects of HCD with older users looking to the emerging technologies, products, services, and environments analysed in their actual application in different areas, always concerning the design for the elderly related to the IoT, just as the development of biomonitoring devices, tools for activity recognition and simulation, creation of smart living environments, solutions for their autonomy, assistance and engagement enhancing health, care and wellbeing. The book is intended for researchers, designers, engineers, and practitioners in healthcare to connect academia, stakeholders, and research institutions to foster education, research and innovation.

This book provides a comprehensive description of topological polymers, an emerging research area in polymer science and polymer materials engineering. The precision polymer topology designing is critical to realizing the unique polymer properties and functions leading to their eventual applications. The prominent contributors are led by Principal Editor Yasuyuki Tezuka and Co-Editor Tetsuo Deguchi. Important ongoing achievements and anticipated breakthroughs in topological polymers are presented with an emphasis on the spectacular diversification of polymer constructions. The book serves readers collectively to acquire comprehensive insights over exciting innovations ongoing in topological polymer chemistry, encompassing topological geometry analysis, classification, physical characterization by simulation and the eventual chemical syntheses, with the supplementary focus on the polymer folding, invoked with the ongoing breakthrough of the precision AI prediction of protein folding. The current revolutionary developments in synthetic approaches specifically for single cyclic (ring) polymers and the topology-directed properties/functions uncovered thereby are outlined as a showcase example. This book is especially beneficial to academic personnel in universities and to researchers working in relevant institutions and companies. Although the level of the book is advanced, it can serve as a good reference book for graduate students and postdocs as a source of valuable knowledge of cutting-edge topics and progress in polymer chemistry.

This book highlights recent advance in the area of Machine Learning and IoT, and their applications to solve societal issues/problems or useful for various users in the society. It is known that many smart devices are interconnected and the data generated is being analyzed and processed with machine learning models for prediction, classification, etc., to solve human needs in various sectors like health, road safety, agriculture, and education. This contributed book puts together chapters concerning the use of intelligent techniques in various aspects related to the IoT domain from protocols to applications, to give the reader an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art on the connection between computational intelligence, machine learning, and IoT.

This book illustrates the significance of various optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for deciphering the nature of biological molecules. The content of this book chiefly focuses on (1) the principle, theory, and instrumentation used in different optical spectroscopy techniques, and (2) the application of these techniques in exploring the nature of different biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and carbohydrates). It emphasizes the structural, conformational and dynamic, and kinetic including the changes in biomolecules under a range of conditions. In closing, the book summarizes recent advances in the field of optical spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Dieses Buch ist eine kurze Geschichte des chinesischen Vorgehens gegen die großen Technologieunternehmen des Landes, das im Jahr 2020 begann. Das Buch erörtert den politischen und wirtschaftlichen Kontext und zeigt die Grenzen der Macht des Staates auf. Da sich die Politik des "gemeinsamen Wohlstands" weiter entwickelt, wird dieses Buch ein unschätzbares Nachschlagewerk für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler sein, die sich entweder mit China, dem Internet und Big Tech oder beidem beschäftigen.

Dieses Buch konzentriert sich auf die Beteiligung und Interaktion der drei Großmächte - China, Russland und die Vereinigten Staaten - in arktischen Angelegenheiten aus der Perspektive der internationalen Beziehungen. Der globale Klimawandel ist zu einem gemeinsamen Problem für die gesamte Menschheit geworden. Eines seiner Schlüsselelemente ist die Erwärmung der Arktis, die sich auf alle Dimensionen der Natur und der Menschheit weltweit auswirkt. Der Klimawandel in der Arktis wird direkte Auswirkungen auf natürliche Ökosysteme, Küstengebiete, Wälder, Wasserressourcen, landwirtschaftliche Produktion, Viehzucht, Tourismus und andere wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in verschiedenen Ländern rund um den Globus haben. Für die nordostasiatische Region stellt die Öffnung der Arktispassage durch das schmelzende Meereis jedoch eine Chance dar. Das derzeitige internationale Rechtssystem für die Verwaltung der Arktis ist unzureichend, um die Herausforderungen der globalen Erwärmung zu bewältigen. Dieses Buch wird für Wissenschaftler von Interesse sein, die die künftige Entwicklung der Arktis und die Rolle Chinas als Neuankömmling in arktischen Angelegenheiten verfolgen.

This book aims to empirically and theoretically study how the economic growth and inequality affected China's rural poverty since China's reform and opening-up. Apart from the trickle-down effect, some empirical researches show that rising inequality usually links with unfairly shared of the economic growth, which is not good for the poor, and this book particularly concerns with the impact of inequality on poverty reduction. In 11 chapters, it leads readers to review the dynamic changes of rural poverty in China, and estimates rural poverty by various methods, for instance, with analysis by monetary poverty (including income and expenditure poverty), multidimensional poverty, absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Especially attention is paid to apply the "growth-inequality-poverty triangle" model for long-term poverty dynamic changes evaluation. The book revisits poverty reduction strategies in different development periods for rural China and evaluates the poverty eradication achievements stage-by-stage under different analytical methods, in order to provide an objective assessment. Among the chapters, pro-poor growth, Shapley decomposition, poverty elasticity, density estimation, multidimensional poverty analysis, and policy simulation methods are applied for both national wide discussion and rural sub-group heterogeneity analysis. In addition to students, teachers, and researchers in the areas of development, economic growth, equity, and welfare, the book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners, and non-government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related issues in the developing countries.

This book focuses on learning and adapting nonlinear geometry tool in rock engineering through fractal theories, hypotheses, algorithm, practical understandings, and case studies. Understanding self-similarity and self-affinity is a prerequisite to the fractal model in rock mechanics. The book aims to provide a guide for the readers seeking to understand and build nonlinear model by fractal algorithm. The book is motivated by recent rapid advances in rock engineering in China including application of fractal theory, in addition to percolation theory. It is an essential reference to the most promising innovative rock engineering. Chapters are carefully developed to cover (1) new fractal algorithms (2) five engineering cases. This authored book addresses the issue with a holistic and systematic approach that utilizes fractal theory to nonlinear behavior in rock engineering.The book is written for researchers interested in rock and geological engineering as well as organizations engaged in underground energy practices.

This book investigates the analytical framework and hybrid precoding scheme in millimeter-wave networks. Millimeter-wave communication is a frontier technology for supporting ultra-high data rate transmissions in future wireless networks due to larger bandwidth and higher spectral efficiency. However, the involved interference characterization and increased energy consumption are two dominant limitations in millimeter-wave network evolution. In this monograph, we develop a unified analytical framework for large-scale millimeter-wave communication networks, which leads to abundant network design insights and guidelines. Under this framework, we design low-complexity hybrid precoding algorithms for millimeter-wave systems, which greatly reduce energy consumption without obvious performance degradation.We would like to highlight that we develop a unified analytical framework and low-complexity hybrid precoding mechanisms for millimeter-wave communication networks, where a variety of millimeter-wave properties and hardware constraints are incorporated. The developed mechanisms can provide abundant insights and guidelines for the hybrid precoding design and analysis in millimeter-wave communication networks. Graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of communication networks can benefit from the book.

This book provides a comprehensive reference in large data center networking. It first summarizes the developing trend of DCNs, and reports four novel DCNs, including a switch-centric DCN, a modular DCN, a wireless DCN, and a hybrid DCN. Furthermore another important factor in DCN targets at managing and optimizing the network activity at the level of transfers to aggregate correlated data flows and thus directly to lower down the network traffic resulting from such data transfers. In particular, the book reports the in-network aggregation of incast transfer, shuffle transfer, uncertain incast transfer, and the cooperative scheduling of uncertain multicast transfer.

This book focuses on the control strategies for gearless permanent magnet synchronous motor traction elevators. Both basic principles and experimental evaluation have been addressed. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as speed detection at low-speed operation, starting torque strategy based on dichotomy and staircase methods, fuzzy self-tuning method, MPC and ADRC, etc. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of control strategies for cost-effective gearless PMSM traction elevators and practical issues are the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn the control strategies for cost-effective gearless PMSM traction elevators. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of ac motor drives and control strategies for cost-effective gearless PMSM traction elevators, etc.

This book offers a unique new look at the familiar quantification theory from the point of view of mathematical symmetry and spatial symmetry. Symmetry exists in many aspects of our life-for instance, in the arts and biology as an ingredient of beauty and equilibrium, and more importantly, for data analysis as an indispensable representation of functional optimality. This unique focus on symmetry clarifies the objectives of quantification theory and the demarcation of quantification space, something that has never caught the attention of researchers.Mathematical symmetry is well known, as can be inferred from Hirschfeld's simultaneous linear regressions, but spatial symmetry has not been discussed before, except for what one may infer from Nishisato's dual scaling. The focus on symmetry here clarifies the demarcation of quantification analysis and makes it easier to understand such a perennial problem as that of joint graphical display in quantification theory. The new framework will help advance the frontier of further developments of quantification theory. Many numerical examples are included to clarify the details of quantification theory, with a focus on symmetry as its operational principle. In this way, the book is useful not only for graduate students but also for researchers in diverse areas of data analysis.

This book focuses on research aspects of ensemble approaches of machine learning techniques that can be applied to address the big data problems.In this book, various advancements of machine learning algorithms to extract data-driven decisions from big data in diverse domains such as the banking sector, healthcare, social media, and video surveillance are presented in several chapters. Each of them has separate functionalities, which can be leveraged to solve a specific set of big data applications. This book is a potential resource for various advances in the field of machine learning and data science to solve big data problems with many objectives. It has been observed from the literature that several works have been focused on the advancement of machine learning in various fields like biomedical, stock prediction, sentiment analysis, etc. However, limited discussions have been carried out on application of advanced machine learning techniques in solving big data problems.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on SMART Automatics and Energy (SMART-ICAE 2021), held in Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation during 7-8 October 2021. The book will be useful for wide range of specialists in the field of designing innovative solutions and organizational measures that increase the efficiency of the use of industry technologies in their various manifestations. The issue is also of interest to scientific and engineering personnel engaged in the achievements and farsighted researches in the area of intellectual technology use for solving of real, applied tasks in various areas of industries and policies of nations and systems and for students and undergraduates studying "Power systems engineering and electrotechnics", "Automatized systems", "Managerial systems in power technologies", etc., and postgraduate students in the corresponding branches of study.

The book presents a machine-generated literature review on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) from 114 selected papers published by Springer Nature in the last few years, which are then organized by the book editors with a human-written introduction to each chapter. Each chapter presents summaries of predefined themes and provides the reader with a basis for further exploration of the topic. As one of the experimental projects initiated by Springer Nature for AI book content generation, this book shows the latest developments in the CRISPR field. It will be a useful reference for graduate students who are interested in CRISPR-related research and early-career researchers who need an overview of the current development of the field.

This book examines interactions and discusses intersectionality between public international law and private international law. With contributions from scholars from USA, Canada, Australia, India and EU, this book brings out truly international perspectives on the topic. The contributions are arranged in four themes-Public international law and private international law: historical and theoretical considerations of the boundary; Harmonisation of private international law by public international law instruments: evaluation of process, problems, and effectiveness; Case studies of intersectionality between public international law and private international law; Future trends in the relationship between public international law and private international law. The ultimate aim of this book is to analyse whether these two legal disciplines become convergent or they are still divergent as usual. With wide coverage spanning across these four themes, the book has takeaways for a wide readership. For scholars and researchers in the fields of public international law and private international law, this book sparks further thoughts and debates in both disciplines and highlight areas for continuing research. For practitioners, this book offers fresh insights and perspectives on contemporaneous issues of significance. This book is also be a great resource for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels taking subjects such as public international law or private international law or some related disciplines such as international sale of goods, international trade law or international investment law to advance their knowledge and understanding of the disciplines.

This book shows how telecom, broadcast, and Internet researchers as well as experts from Japan's leading mobile operators interpret, analyze, and evaluate the emerging phenomenon of the Japanese broadband ecosystem. The broadband ecosystem, as it rapidly changes against the backdrop of swift technological progress, is forcing major changes in the existing socioeconomic framework and generating many policy issues that require discussion.The book aims to provide a theoretical and practical framework for policymakers to address these issues from a broader perspective than has been available in the past. The topics addressed in this book cover sharing of 5G infrastructure, online platform regulation, diffusion of autonomous driving, content industry, trends and use cases of 5G, capacity development for AI, ride-hailing service, smartphone games, the right to be forgotten, and the economic value of personal information.Although this book cannot provide definitive answers to all these recently emerging and rapidly changing issues, it does provide important guidance for evidence-based discussion involving policymakers and researchers working on these issues. It is also recommended for graduate students who want to enter this challenging field of policy discussion.

This book includes original, peer-reviewed research articles from International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Communication Systems (ICACECS 2021), held in VNR Vignana Jyoythi Institute of Engineering and Technology (VNR VJIET), Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during 13-14 August 2021. The book focuses on "Smart Innovations in Mezzanine Technologies, Data Analytics, Networks and Communication Systems" enlargements and reviews on the advanced topics in artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining and big data computing, knowledge engineering, semantic Web, cloud computing, Internet on Things, cybersecurity, communication systems, and distributed computing and smart systems.

This book addresses health professions educational challenges specific to non-Western cultures, implementing a shifting paradigm for educating future health professionals towards patient-centered care. While health professions education has received increasing attention in the last three decades, promoting student-centered learning principles pioneered by leaders in the medical community has, for the most part, remain rooted in the Western context. Building from Hofstede's analysis of the phenomena of cultural dimensions, which underpin the way people build and maintain their relationships with others and influence social, economic, and political well-being across nations, this book demarcates the different cultural dimensions between East and West, applied to medical education. The respective 'hierarchical' and 'collectivist' cultural dimensions are unpacked in several studies stemming from non-western countries, with the capacity to positively influence healthcare education and services. The book provides new insights for researchers and health professional educators to understand how cultural context influences the input, processes, and output of health professionals' education. Examples include how cultural context influences the ways in which students respond to teachers, how teachers giving feedback to students, and the challenges of peer feedback and group work. The authors also examine causes for student hesitation in proposing ideas, the pervasive cultural norm of maintaining harmony, the challenges of teamwork in clinical settings, the need to be sensitive to community health needs, the complexity of clinical decision making, and the challenge of how collectivist cultural values play into group dynamics. This book aims to advocate a more culturally-sensitive approach to educating health professionals, and will be relevant to both students and practitioners in numerous areas of public health and medical education.

This book contains the materials of the Conference "Construction and Development: Life Cycle-2020" (CDLC-2020), held at Chuvash State University, Russia. The content of this volume is devoted to improving methods for calculating building structures, strengthening them and assessing their suitability for use, monitoring buildings, improving building technologies, geotechnics, energy efficiency of building envelopes and energy systems, introducing new structures and materials, and economic assessment of construction. It also consists of test data for load-bearing building structures. This volume will prove to be a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

This book examines the experiences of global healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It shines a light on the experiences of healthcare workers during the pandemic, exploring their lived experiences of delivering care without losing sight of the emotional and symbolic nature of their work. Incorporating cutting-edge research from global experts in medical anthropology, medical sociology, medicine, psychology and nursing, it uniquely demonstrates the value of rapid qualitative research during infectious epidemics. Drawing on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the book explores global healthcare policies and healthcare workers' experiences across 20 countries.

This book sheds light on the cultural traits and religious beliefs of the Yarsan community. By incorporating historical and ethnographic research on Yarsan community in west and North of Iran, fieldwork and meticulous analysis of religious texts and international literature, it reveals contemporary aspects of Yarsan culture and life that are lesser known to the wider public, and provides insights into their lives, traditions and prospects for the future. With researchers from inside Iran and all over the world, this book offers a new look at Yarsan.

This book borrows the concept of "high-definition" from digital broadcasting to highlight our unique approach to Hong Kong society, which gives a sharper image than analyses. It intends to highlight contrasts with many common and taken-for-granted stories, myths and representations of Hong Kong- which often presented with a low level of detail, lacking proper connections between grounded personal experiences and the macro social context. With chapters covering various salient dimensions of Hong Kong's society, including migration, economy, inequality, identity and social movements, our "high-definition" approach presents images with high enough "resolution" to match multiple layers of experiences from walks of life of Hong Kong people, contributing to an understanding of how global transformation impacts local people's experiences, as well as Hong Kong's significance in the regional and global system.

This comprehensive edited volume collects the most recent information with up-to-date citations, on the decrease in plant productivity under climatic changes and its link with global food security. The book emphasis on the crop management practices and recent advancement in the techniques for mitigating the negative effects of climate induced biotic and abiotic stress. It brings together 19 chapters developed by eminent researchers in the area of plant and environmental sciences. Global climate change is increasingly becoming a concern for future of agriculture. High levels of inorganic and organic pollutants and climatic stress adversely affects the sensitive and complex equation of natural resources and ecosystem services. To meet the increased food demand, plant productivity needs to be enhanced, therefore this book fills in the gap and brings together information on the physiological and molecular approaches for improving crop productivity.The book is resourceful reading material for researchers, faculty members, graduate and post graduate students of plant science, agriculture, agronomy, soil science, botany, Molecular biology and environmental science.

This book presents the state of the art in distributed machine learning algorithms that are based on gradient optimization methods. In the big data era, large-scale datasets pose enormous challenges for the existing machine learning systems. As such, implementing machine learning algorithms in a distributed environment has become a key technology, and recent research has shown gradient-based iterative optimization to be an effective solution. Focusing on methods that can speed up large-scale gradient optimization through both algorithm optimizations and careful system implementations, the book introduces three essential techniques in designing a gradient optimization algorithm to train a distributed machine learning model: parallel strategy, data compression and synchronization protocol.Written in a tutorial style, it covers a range of topics, from fundamental knowledge to a number of carefully designed algorithms and systems of distributed machine learning. It will appeal to a broad audience in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data and database management.

This book elucidates the murky realities of China's taxation system today, and advocates bold plans for change. Theorizing finance and taxation in relation to a national political system, the authors explain the current tangled-up realities of China's creaky, inherited and uneven tax system- and put forward a plan for radical change. This book will be of interest to finance professionals, economists, and scholars of the Chinese economy. The focus is to properly handle the three basic economic and social relations between the government and the market (and the enterprises as the main market entities), between the central and local governments, and between the public power system and the citizens. This book follows the research context of problem orientation - goal orientation - practical operation, and puts forward the ideas, basic goals and paths of fiscal system reform that adapt to the modernization of national governance.

This textbook provides a first-hand account of impact of volatility on valuations. It focuses on valuation of the investment with fair, practical and insightful explanations. Volatility in markets can form the foundation of fair value. A marginal change in volatility has a significant impact on the effective cost of borrowing (capital). Portfolio managers, fund managers and corporates continue to watch as prices plunge due to volatility and can impose future restrictions on their skillful maneuver. The book highlights the approaches, design of tests, comparison and matching or making of models. It delves into techniques for measuring the contours and boundaries of risk and translating the losses to end impact. It explains the post facto and post period nuances to recover from money loss. The book further elaborates combining positions and hedging, to evaluate and choose to conduct tests of effectiveness. It provides guidance on benchmarks of portfolios, tax implications and carrying forward benefits of losses. The text includes examples and business use cases that build on analysis, common tools and highlights the end use of volatility for stakeholders.