Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer US

The machinery about which I am writing is found in the confectionery industry, but it is also generally used throughout the food industry and some other areas that produce items that need to be wrapped and packed for distribution. It just happens that much of my working life was spent in the confectionery industry. Similar machinery operates in the pharmaceutical industry, is used for wrapping and handling books, for wrapping blocks of fuel and for packing tea and other items. Some of the robots described are used in the glass industry, loading drinking glasses direct from hot moulding plants. They are used to load filled bottles into cases in the drinks business or shampoo for chemical manufacturers. Other industries, for example the textile industry, used machinery designed for other purposes (such as weaving), before the development of packaging machines, that worked on comparable principles. Some of the mechanisms in all of this machinery possibly have their ancestry in the great cathedral clock mechanisms from as early as the fifteenth century. Just because this book is mainly illustrated by reference to chocolate bars and sweets does not mean that that is the only application, nor does it lessen the ingenuity applied in the designs of these machines or their importance in the modem world.

Old age is a part of the lifecycle about which there are numerous myths and stereotypes. To present an overstatement of commonly held beliefs, the old are portrayed as dependent individuals, characterized by a lack of social autonomy, unloved and neglected by both their immediate family and friends; and posing a threat to the living standards of younger age groups by being a 'burden' that consumes without producing. Older people are perceived as a single homogeneous group, and the experiment of ageing characterized as being the same for all individuals, irrespective of the diversity of their circumstances before the onset of old age. In this book, detailed statistical material is used to portray the circum- stances of older people in modern society in an attempt to evaluate the appropriateness (or otherwise) of the major stereotypes of later life. This volume does not address ageing from a psychological or micro-social per- spective. In particular, we do not explore major issues relating to old age. Rather we feel that, from the extensive collection of surveys concerned with the elderly, we can provide a context within which individual eld- erly people can be studied from more anthropological or biographical perspectives.

This book surveys the functions and applications of additives used in baked foods at relatively low levels, details their reaction mechanisms and describes their technological effects, including how each additive helps to create high-quality baked products. Coverage includes oxidants, reductants and mix reducers, surfacants, emulsifiers and dough strengtheners, chemical leavenings, yeast, and gluten and gums. The author presents product applications and covers such important new areas as high fibre breads, enzymes in baking, the use of emulsifiers and vital wheat gluten manufacture.

Ever since television became practical in the early 1950s, closed-circuit television (CCTV) in conjunction with the light microscope has provided large screen display, raised image contrast, and made the images formed by ultraviolet and infrared rays visible. With the introduction of large-scale integrated circuits in the last decade, TV equipment has improved by leaps and bounds, as has its application in microscopy. With modem CCTV, sometimes with the help of digital computers, we can distill the image from a scene that appears to be nothing but noise; capture fluorescence too dim to be seen; visualize structures far below the limit of resolution; crispen images hidden in fog; measure, count, and sort objects; and record in time-lapsed and high-speed sequences through the light microscope without great difficulty. In fact, video is becoming indispensable for harnessing the fullest capacity of the light microscope, a capacity that itself is much greater than could have been envisioned just a few years ago. The time seemed ripe then to review the basics of video, and of microscopy, and to examine how the two could best be combined to accomplish these tasks. The Marine Biological Laboratory short courses on Analytical and Quantitative Light Microscopy in Biology, Medicine, and the Materials Sciences, and the many inquiries I received on video microscopy, supported such an effort, and Kirk Jensen of Plenum Press persuaded me of its worth.

Besides offering significant advantages over traditional rigid boards, flexible circuitry is increasingly the technology of choice for military and commercial applications, including the growing ASICs market. This book addresses the many new uses, applications, and developments of flexible circuitry, the most popular form of interconnection for applications requiring size and weight reduction, better impedance, reduced labour, and easy assembly.

A first of its kind, the Seafood Regulatory Compliance Manual is a comprehensive work that comprises the myriad of governmental requirements and guidelines applicable to all aspects of seafood from harvest to the marketplace. The intent of the authors was to develop for users a manual that is easy to use, with a structured format to ensure compliance with governmental requirements. They have been highly successful in achieving this objective and presenting a user friendly tool. The manual represents a major advancement by providing a single source reference to all requirements, except for some specific end product and labeling requirements, for a highly complex global industry. In addition, it is an outstanding contribution to the seafood industry in addressing a long-standing need for systems changes in the form of a single source manual, in contrast to the obsolete approach of having to access a library of multiple regulations and the affiliated agencies' bureaucracies to determine how and/or whether compliance with a particular regulation has been achieved. For those engaged in international commerce in seafood, the manual should be especially useful. Well integrated throughout the manual are the applicable provisions of the recommended international Codex standards for fish and shellfish products and the codes of hygienic and technological practice for handling and processing these products. These standards and codes were developed through an international harmonization process, and are familiar to seafood-producing countries worldwide.

David Levy--one of the world's foremost amateur astronomers--co-discovered the periodic comet Shoemaker-Levy 9... He describes in dramatic detail the thrilling yet often devastating effects of comet collisions.

The story of numbers is a rich, sweeping history that shows how our mathematical achievements contributed to the greatest innovations of civilization. Calvin Clawson, acclaimed author of Conquering Math Phobia, weaves a story of numbers that spans thousands of years. As Clawson so clearly shows, numbers are not only an intrinsic and essential thread in our modern lives, but have always been an integral part of the human psyche - knit into the very fabric of our identity as humans. Clawson travels back through time to the roots of the history of numbers. In exploring early human fascination with numbers, he unearths the clay beads, knotted ropes, and tablets used by our ancestors as counting tools. He then investigates how numeric symbols and concepts developed uniquely and independently in Meso-America, China, and Egypt. As he persuasively argues, the mathematical concepts that arose and flourished in the ancient world enabled the creation of architectural masterpieces as well as the establishment of vast trade networks. Continuing the journey, Clawson brings us to the elegant logic of numbers that soon came to distinguish itself as a discipline and the language of science. From the concepts of infinity contemplated by the Greeks to the complex numbers that are indispensable to scientists on the cutting edge of research today, Clawson breathes life and meaning into the history of great mathematical mysteries and problems. In this spirit of inquiry, he explores, in their times and places, the discovery of numbers that lie outside the province of counting, including irrational numbers, transcendentals, complex numbers, and the enormous transfinite numbers. The personalities and thecreative feats surrounding each mathematical invention come alive vividly in Clawson's lucid prose. In this work of breathtaking scope, Clawson guides us through the wonders of numbers and illustrates their monumental impact on civilization.

This book opens new avenues in understanding mathematical models within the context of a transition economy. The exposition lays out the methods for combining different mathematical structures and tools to effectively build the next model that will accurately reflect real world economic processes. Mathematical modeling of weather phenomena allows us to forecast certain essential weather parameters without any possibility of changing them. By contrast, modeling of transition economies gives us the freedom to not only predict changes in important indexes of all types of economies, but also to influence them more effectively in the desired direction. Simply put: any economy, including a transitional one, can be controlled.This book is useful to anyone who wants to increase profits within their business, or improve the quality of their family life and the economic area they live in. It is beneficial for undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the fields of Economic Informatics, Economic Cybernetics, Applied Mathematics and Large Information Systems, as well as for professional economists, and employees of state planning and statistical organizations.