Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer US

Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs is intended to present the basics of the normal systems and how, due to aging, diseases or trauma, body parts may need to be replaced with manmade materials. The movement of the body generates forces in various work situations and also internally at various joints, muscles and ligaments. It is essential to figure out the forces, moments, pressure etc to design replacements that manage these stresses without breaking down. The mechanical characterization of the hard and the soft tissues are presented systematically using the principles of solid mechanics. The viscoelastic properties of the tissue will also discussed. This text covers the design science and methodology from concept to blueprint to the final component being replaced. Each chapter will be a brief overview of various joint/organ replacement systems. Engineers working on artificial joints and organs, as well as students of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering are the main intended audience, however, the pedagogy is simple enough for those who are learning the subject for the first time.

Inverse scattering theory is an important area of applied mathematics due to its central role in such areas as medical imaging , nondestructive testing and geophysical exploration. Until recently all existing algorithms for solving inverse scattering problems were based on using either a weak scattering assumption or on the use of nonlinear optimization techniques. The limitations of these methods have led in recent years to an alternative approach to the inverse scattering problem which avoids the incorrect model assumptions inherent in the use of weak scattering approximations as well as the strong a priori information needed in order to implement nonlinear optimization techniques. These new methods come under the general title of qualitative methods in inverse scattering theory and seek to determine an approximation to the shape of the scattering object as well as estimates on its material properties without making any weak scattering assumption and using essentially no a priori information on the nature of the scattering object. This book is designed to be an introduction to this new approach in inverse scattering theory focusing on the use of sampling methods and transmission eigenvalues. In order to aid the reader coming from a discipline outside of mathematics we have included background material on functional analysis, Sobolev spaces, the theory of ill posed problems and certain topics in in the theory of entire functions of a complex variable. This book is an updated and expanded version of an earlier book by the authors published by Springer titled Qualitative Methods in Inverse Scattering Theory Review of Qualitative Methods in Inverse Scattering Theory All in all, the authors do exceptionally well in combining such a wide variety of mathematical material and in presenting it in a well-organized and easy-to-follow fashion. This text certainly complements the growing body of work in inverse scattering and should well suit both new researchers to the field as well as those who could benefit from such a nice codified collection of profitable results combined in one bound volume. SIAM Review, 2006

Systems Biomechanics of the Cell attempts to outline systems biomechanics of the cell as an emergent and promising discipline. The new field owes conceptually to cell mechanics, organism-level systems biomechanics, and biology of biochemical systems. Its distinct methodology is to elucidate the structure and behavior of the cell by analyzing the unintuitive collective effects of elementary physical forces that interact within the heritable cellular framework. The problematics amenable to this approach includes the variety of cellular activities that involve the form and movement of the cell body and boundary (nucleus, centrosome, microtubules, cortex, and membrane). Among the elementary system effects in the biomechanics of the cell, instability of symmetry, emergent irreversibility, and multiperiodic dissipative motion can be noted. Research results from recent journal articles are placed in this unifying framework. It is suggested that the emergent discipline has the potential to expand the spectrum of questions asked about the cell, and to further clarify the physical nature of animate matter and motion.

It is generally assumed that microorganisms synthesize, release, detect and respond to small signaling hormone-like molecules. These molecules are used for a process termed "e;quorum sensing"e; (QS), a phenomenon that enables bacteria to sense when the minimal number of cells, or "e;quorum,"e; is achieved for a concerted response to be initiated. Words such as "e;language"e; and "e;behavior"e; are frequently used to depict QS in the literature. More simply put, language and cross-talk between bacteria, and between bacteria and animal or plant hosts, determines the behavior (e.g., beneficial or pathogenic effects) of bacteria. Currently, the major concern is to understand and decode this language. Overall, bacterial cross-talk was mainly studied on environmental, plant, and human pathogenic bacteria. Few studies considered food-related lactic acid bacteria. The cross-talk between bacteria influences the behavior and, in turn, the environmental adaptation and phenotypes. Therefore, it is understood that bacterial cross-talk has important applicative repercussions. The language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem may condition the phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. This Brief aims to define the basis of cell-to-cell signalling in food fermentation and will highlight: (i) microbiology, nutritional, chemical and functional aspects; (ii) functional properties due to microbial adaptation to the gastrointestinal tract; (iii) principal phenotypes under control of QS circuitries; (iv) quorum quenching. This Brief will be the first reference on this topic and it will highlight the main results for a more productive industrial application. Draft content 1. Signals of food related Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria The chapter will describe the different signaling languages used by Gram-negative bacteria (N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones) and Gram-positive bacteria (based on the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides) and the universal chemical lexicon, shared by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (autoinducer-2 through the activity of the LuxS enzyme). 2. Phenotypes related to quorum sensing The chapter will describe the bacterial phenotypes, such as virulence, biofilm maturation, bacteriocin synthesis, and secondary metabolite production under control of QS circuitries. 3. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: sourdough The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (sourdough) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 4. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: yoghurt The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (yoghurt) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 5. Probiotic message at the intra-, inter-species and inter-kingdom level The chapter will describe the mechanisms that regulate the interaction between microorganism and host, and the capacity of the microorganism to adapt to environment. Particular reference will also be made to: (i) pathogen inhibition and restoration of microbial homeostasis through microbe-microbe interactions; (ii) enhancement of epithelial barrier function; and (iii) modulation of immune responses. 6. New Perspectives of quorum sensing This chapter will provide an overview of the future perspective regarding quorum sensing, showing that bacterial cross-talk may have important applicative repercussions. It will highlight the interference on the language of QS, which is defined as quorum quenching (QQ). Increasing translation of the bacterial cross-talk has shown that in some environmental circumstances, quenching of the language may occur.

An introductory course in Software Engineering remains one of the hardest subjects to teach. Much of the difficulty stems from the fact that Software Engineering is a very wide field which includes a wide range of topics. Con­ sequently, what should be the focus of an introductory course remains a challenge with many possible viewpoints. This third edition of the book approaches the problem from the perspec­ tive of what skills a student should possess after the introductory course, particularly if it may be the only course on software engineering in the stu­ dent's program. The goal of this third edition is to impart to the student knowledge and skills that are needed to successfully execute a project of a few person-months by employing proper practices and techniques. In- dently, a vast majority of the projects executed in the industry today are of this scope¿executed by a small team over a few months. Another objective of the book is to lay the foundation for the student for advanced studies in Software Engineering. Executing any software project requires skills in two key dimensions¿ engineering and project management. While engineering deals with issues of architecture, design, coding, testing, etc., project management deals with planning, monitoring, risk management, etc. Consequently, this book fo­ cuses on these two dimensions, and for key tasks in each, discusses concepts and techniques that can be applied effectively on projects.

Classifying objects into categories at different granularity levels, establishing links between known objects, and discovering clues between known and unknown objects are essential for new-generation semantic data models. This book introduces the Resource Space Model (RSM), which effectively organizes and correctly manages resources by normalizing classification semantics. This volume presents basic models of RSM and the Semantic Link Network (SLN), the relationship between the two, and an approach to integrating the two models and exploring their semantic-rich interconnection. Also detailed is a comprehensive theory of query operations on RSM and extensive coverage of the distributed RSM in parallel with the distributed relational database systems.This text is sure to be considered a substantial contribution to the field of Knowledge Grid by researchers in the areas of web, semantic web, and decentralized data engineering, as well as the emerging semantic and knowledge grid arena.

Knowledge Discovery and Measures of Interest is a reference book for knowledge discovery researchers, practitioners, and students. The knowledge discovery researcher will find that the material provides a theoretical foundation for measures of interest in data mining applications where diversity measures are used to rank summaries generated from databases. The knowledge discovery practitioner will find solid empirical evidence on which to base decisions regarding the choice of measures in data mining applications. The knowledge discovery student in a senior undergraduate or graduate course in databases and data mining will find the book is a good introduction to the concepts and techniques of measures of interest. In Knowledge Discovery and Measures of Interest, we study two closely related steps in any knowledge discovery system: the generation of discovered knowledge; and the interpretation and evaluation of discovered knowledge. In the generation step, we study data summarization, where a single dataset can be generalized in many different ways and to many different levels of granularity according to domain generalization graphs. In the interpretation and evaluation step, we study diversity measures as heuristics for ranking the interestingness of the summaries generated. The objective of this work is to introduce and evaluate a technique for ranking the interestingness of discovered patterns in data. It consists of four primary goals: To introduce domain generalization graphs for describing and guiding the generation of summaries from databases. To introduce and evaluate serial and parallel algorithms that traverse the domain generalization space described by the domain generalization graphs. To introduce and evaluate diversity measures as heuristic measures of interestingness for ranking summaries generated from databases. To develop the preliminary foundation for a theory of interestingness within the context of ranking summaries generated from databases. Knowledge Discovery and Measures of Interest is suitable as a secondary text in a graduate level course and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

This book presents a systematic, comprehensive treatment of analog and discrete signal analysis and synthesis and an introduction to analog communication theory. This evolved from my 40 years of teaching at Oklahoma State University (OSU). It is based on three courses, Signal Analysis (a second semester junior level course), Active Filters (a first semester senior level course), and Digital signal processing (a second semester senior level course). I have taught these courses a number of times using this material along with existing texts. The references for the books and journals (over 160 references) are listed in the bibliography section. At the undergraduate level, most signal analysis courses do not require probability theory. Only, a very small portion of this topic is included here. I emphasized the basics in the book with simple mathematics and the soph- tication is minimal. Theorem-proof type of material is not emphasized. The book uses the following model: 1. Learn basics 2. Check the work using bench marks 3. Use software to see if the results are accurate The book provides detailed examples (over 400) with applications. A thr- number system is used consisting of chapter number - section number - example or problem number, thus allowing the student to quickly identify the related material in the appropriate section of the book. The book includes well over 400 homework problems. Problem numbers are identified using the above three-number system.

People are living longer, and the elder population is growing larger. To meet the ongoing need for quality information on elder health, the Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health combines multiple perspectives to offer readers a more accurate and complete picture of the aging process.The book takes a biopsychosocial approach to the complexities of its subject. In-depth introductory chapters include coverage on a historical and demographic overview of aging in America, a guide to biological changes accompanying aging, an analysis of the diversity of the U.S. elder population, legal issues commonly affecting older adults, and the ethics of using cognitively impaired elders in research.From there, over 425 entries cover the gamut of topics, trends, diseases, and phenomena: Specific populations, including ethnic minorities, custodial grandparents, and centenarians; core medical conditions associating with aging, from cardiac and pulmonary diseases to Parkinson¿s and Alzheimer¿s; mental and emotional disorders; drugs/vitamins/alternative medicine; disorders of the eyes, feet, and skin insomnia and sleep disorders; malnutrition and eating disorders; sexual and gender-related concerns and a broad array of social and political issues, including access to care, abuse/neglect, veterans¿ affairs, and assisted suicide. Entries on not-quite-elders¿ concerns (e.g., midlife crisis, menopause) are featured as well. And all chapters and entries include references and resource lists.The Encyclopedia has been developed for maximum utility to clinicians, social workers, researchers, and public health professionals working with older adults. Its multidisciplinary coverage and scope of topics make this volume an invaluable reference for academic and public libraries.

This book should be of interest to manufacturers of plastics products and fillers, plastics designers, engineers and polymer chemists.

A Short Look at the Long History of Spice - What are Spices and Herbs - Spices - Spice Blends - Extraction of Spices - Condiments - Sauces - Seasonings - Meat Seasonings - Instant Gravy Seasonings and Mixes - The Technology of Seasoning - Appendix - Glossary - Index

The first edition of this book rapidly established a reputation for providing a unique source of highly practical information on dairy product technology. Coverage is of products in which milk is either the main component or a less obvious ingredient. This new edition continues to explain methods of milk product manufacture, the technology involved, and how other influences affect finished products. Coverage is expanded to fill some important gaps, and in addition to three new chapters (microbiology, packaging, editorial introduction) The other chapters have been revised, enlarged, and brought up to date, Written for food technologists making dairy products, the book is also an essential source of reference for the industries ingredient suppliers and equipment manufacturers, and those working in academic and research institutions. The contributors have extensive practical experience of the industry.