Theorien Und Methoden Der Wissenschaft

This textbook provides a systematic introduction to the theory of science and methodology by presenting and independently developing four central themes: 1) Science consists of social systems and actions, it must be distinguished in this dimension from religion, politics, economics, and from Internet actors, and must define its own type of responsibility. 2) Science is characterized by mental representations in the form of facts, structures, models, theories, computer programs, mostly described by language, and in the form of figures, images and video clips. 3) Science is bound to experience through phenomena, perceptions, experiments, measurement as well as their statistical processing. 4) Science is marked by characteristic procedures (methods), which vary according to discipline and subject. The treatment of these topics is equally applicable to natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, information sciences, and statistical theories. The general concepts are supported by examples from a wide variety of disciplines.