Ökonomi & Finanzen

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In this lively history of consumer debt in America, economic historian Louis Hyman demonstrates that today's problems are not as new as we think. Borrow examines how the rise of consumer borrowing-virtually unknown before the twentieth century-has altered our culture and economy. Starting in the years before the Great Depression, increased access to money raised living standards but also introduced unforeseen risks. As lending grew more and more profitable, it displaced funds available for business borrowing, setting our economy on an unsustainable course. Told through the vivid stories of individuals and institutions affected by these changes, Borrow charts the collision of commerce and culture in twentieth-century America, giving an historical perspective on what is new-and what is not-in today's economic turmoil.A Paperback Original

In this laugh-out-loud personal journey, acclaimed author Meghan Daum explores the perils and pleasures of believing that only a house can make you whole. From her teenage apartment fantasies and her mother's decorating manias to her own "hidden room" dreams and the bungalow she eventually buys on her own, Life Would Be Perfect If I Lived in That House is the true story of one woman's quest for the four perfect walls to call home.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Ce plan d'entreprise vise à proposer un modèle d'entreprise innovant qui associe la culture de fleurs de haute technologie à des éléments de jeu pour créer la plateforme "Dianyuan Fengyun". Cette plateforme vise à accroître l'engagement des utilisateurs et à faciliter l'achat de produits agricoles. Actuellement, la vente de produits agricoles en Chine est confrontée à de nombreux défis, en particulier pour les produits agricoles spéciaux tels que les fleurs fraîches, les herbes aromatiques de grande valeur et les fruits. Les stratégies de marketing conventionnelles et d'autres facteurs ont limité les ventes de ces produits, ce qui a entraîné des problèmes de "difficulté à vendre". Pour résoudre ces difficultés, nous allons tirer parti de techniques de culture de haute technologie pour produire des fleurs de haute qualité, répondant aux demandes des consommateurs modernes pour des produits verts, non polluants et biologiques. Simultanément, nous prévoyons d'introduire des éléments de jeu sur la plateforme en développant des jeux de gestion divertissants qui renforcent l'engagement et la participation des utilisateurs. Les participants aux jeux peuvent interagir avec leurs amis tout en gagnant des récompenses pour l'achat et le soutien de produits agricoles, ce qui encourage les utilisateurs à acheter et à soutenir les produits agricoles dans l'environnement du jeu.

L'évolution des affaires publiques de l'ancienne gestion publique vers la nouvelle gestion publique dans les années 1980 et la montée de la "gouvernance" ont entraîné l'émergence du pluralisme, des collaborations horizontales entre les secteurs public et privé et les ONG, ainsi que des plates-formes de discussion ouvertes dans la tradition publique, ce qui a également déclenché un nouveau paradoxe : le défi du pluralisme. Bien que le pluralisme soit un ingrédient essentiel de la participation, il s'accompagne de difficultés. Dans cet ouvrage, la lutte entre la recherche d'un bon design et les phénomènes populaires est remise en question à partir des méthodologies et des résultats des concours de design de taxis d'Istanbul et de la ville de New York (NYC). Outre l'examen des cultures de taxi à New York et à Istanbul, le livre développe également un examen comparatif des méthodes participatives des deux villes concernant les processus que les deux municipalités ont programmés, les points communs et les contrastes, et la manière dont ils ont affecté la conception des taxis en tant qu'objets de design. Il s'agit d'un débat intéressant compte tenu des luttes actuelles que mènent les différentes collectivités locales du monde entier, avec des capacités et des conceptions différentes, pour aborder le processus de conception et les méthodes participatives.

O presente plano de negócios tem por objetivo propor um modelo de negócio inovador que combina o cultivo de flores de alta tecnologia com elementos de jogo para criar a plataforma "Dianyuan Fengyun". A plataforma visa aumentar a participação dos utilizadores e facilitar a compra de produtos agrícolas. Atualmente, a venda de produtos agrícolas na China enfrenta numerosos desafios, especialmente no caso de produtos agrícolas especiais, como flores frescas, ervas aromáticas de elevado valor e frutos. As estratégias de marketing convencionais e outros factores têm limitado as vendas destes produtos, resultando em problemas de "difícil venda". Para resolver estas dificuldades, vamos aproveitar as técnicas de cultivo de alta tecnologia para produzir flores de alta qualidade, satisfazendo as exigências dos consumidores modernos por produtos ecológicos, sem poluição e orgânicos. Simultaneamente, planeamos introduzir elementos de jogo na plataforma, desenvolvendo jogos de gestão divertidos que aumentam o envolvimento e a participação dos utilizadores. Os participantes nos jogos podem interagir com amigos enquanto ganham recompensas por comprarem e apoiarem produtos agrícolas, incentivando os utilizadores a comprarem e apoiarem produtos agrícolas no ambiente de jogo.

A mudança nos assuntos públicos da antiga gestão pública para a nova gestão pública nos anos 80 e a ascensão da "governação" motivaram o aparecimento do pluralismo, das colaborações horizontais entre o público e o privado e as ONG e das plataformas de discussão aberta na tradição pública, o que também desencadeou um novo paradoxo: o desafio do pluralismo. Embora o pluralismo seja um ingrediente essencial da participação, ele acomoda dificuldades. Neste livro, a luta entre a procura de um bom design e os fenómenos populares é questionada a partir das metodologias e resultados dos concursos de design de táxis de Istambul e Nova Iorque (NYC). Para além de ser uma revisão das culturas de táxis em Nova Iorque e Istambul, o livro desenvolve também um escrutínio comparativo sobre os métodos participativos de ambas as cidades no que diz respeito aos processos que ambos os municípios programaram e aos pontos comuns e contrastes, e como estes afectaram o design dos táxis enquanto objectos de design. Trata-se de um debate interessante, tendo em conta as lutas actuais que diferentes governos locais, com diferentes capacidades e entendimentos em todo o mundo, abordam relativamente ao processo de design e aos métodos participativos.

L'objectif de la recherche était de déterminer la relation entre le leadership démocratique et la qualité de la gestion dans les entreprises commerciales de la ville de Barranquilla. Méthodologie descriptive et corrélationnelle, non expérimentale, transsectorielle et sur le terrain ; la population étudiée était composée de 27 fonctionnaires : (3) directeurs des opérations, (24) directeurs de magasin, de Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) et Almacenes ÉXITO, auxquels un questionnaire a été appliqué. La fiabilité de l'instrument était de 0,93 avec le coefficient alpha de Cronbach, ce qui indique qu'il est très fiable. L'analyse statistique descriptive, avec distribution des fréquences et des pourcentages, pour déterminer la relation entre les variables, la corrélation de Spearman a été utilisée. Les résultats montrent que la relation entre les deux variables est très intense, dans la mesure où plus le leadership démocratique augmente, plus il est probable qu'une meilleure qualité de gestion sera atteinte et vice versa. La conclusion est que les déficiences dans les approches et tendances du leadership démocratique affectent considérablement la consolidation des facteurs de qualité de la gestion.

O objetivo da investigação foi determinar a relação entre a liderança democrática e a qualidade da gestão em empresas comerciais da cidade de Barranquilla. Metodologia descritiva e correlacional, não-experimental, transeccional e de campo; a população do estudo foi constituída por 27 funcionários: (3) directores de operações, (24) directores de loja, das empresas Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) e Almacenes ÉXITO, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário. A fiabilidade do instrumento foi de 0,93 com o coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, o que indica que é altamente fiável. A análise estatística descritiva, com distribuição de frequências e percentagens, para determinar a relação entre as variáveis, foi utilizada a correlação de Spearman. Os resultados mostram que a relação entre as duas variáveis é muito intensa, na medida em que quanto maior for a liderança democrática, maior será a probabilidade de se conseguir uma maior qualidade de gestão e vice-versa. Conclui-se que, devido a deficiências nas abordagens e tendências da liderança democrática, estas afectam consideravelmente a consolidação dos factores de qualidade da gestão.

Este plan de negocio pretende proponer un modelo empresarial innovador que combine el cultivo de flores de alta tecnología con elementos de juego para crear la plataforma "Dianyuan Fengyun". La plataforma pretende aumentar el compromiso de los usuarios y facilitar la compra de productos agrícolas. Actualmente, la venta de productos agrícolas en China se enfrenta a numerosos retos, especialmente en el caso de productos agrícolas especiales como flores frescas, hierbas de alto valor y frutas. Las estrategias de marketing convencionales y otros factores han limitado las ventas de estos productos, provocando problemas de "difícil venta". Para hacer frente a estas dificultades, aprovecharemos las técnicas de cultivo de alta tecnología para producir flores de alta calidad, satisfaciendo las demandas de los consumidores modernos de productos ecológicos, libres de contaminación y orgánicos. Al mismo tiempo, tenemos previsto introducir elementos de juego en la plataforma mediante el desarrollo de entretenidos juegos de gestión que aumenten el compromiso y la participación de los usuarios. Los participantes en los juegos podrán interactuar con amigos y ganar premios por comprar y apoyar productos agrícolas, animando a los usuarios a comprar y apoyar productos agrícolas en el entorno de juego.

Questo business plan intende proporre un modello di business innovativo che combina la coltivazione di fiori ad alta tecnologia con elementi di gioco per creare la piattaforma "Dianyuan Fengyun". La piattaforma mira ad aumentare il coinvolgimento degli utenti e a facilitare l'acquisto di prodotti agricoli. Attualmente, la vendita di prodotti agricoli in Cina deve affrontare numerose sfide, soprattutto per quanto riguarda prodotti agricoli speciali come fiori freschi, erbe di alto valore e frutta. Per affrontare queste difficoltà, sfrutteremo le tecniche di coltivazione ad alta tecnologia per produrre fiori di alta qualità, soddisfacendo le richieste dei consumatori moderni di prodotti ecologici, non inquinanti e biologici. Contemporaneamente, abbiamo intenzione di introdurre elementi di gioco nella piattaforma, sviluppando divertenti giochi di gestione che aumentino il coinvolgimento e la partecipazione degli utenti. I partecipanti ai giochi possono interagire con gli amici e guadagnare premi per l'acquisto e il sostegno dei prodotti agricoli, incoraggiando gli utenti ad acquistare e sostenere i prodotti agricoli nell'ambiente di gioco.

Lo spostamento degli affari pubblici dalla vecchia gestione pubblica alla nuova gestione pubblica negli anni '80 e l'ascesa della "governance" hanno motivato l'emergere del pluralismo, delle collaborazioni orizzontali tra pubblico e privato e ONG e delle piattaforme di discussione aperte nella tradizione pubblica, che ha anche innescato un nuovo paradosso: la sfida del pluralismo. Sebbene il pluralismo sia un ingrediente essenziale della partecipazione, esso comporta delle difficoltà. In questo libro, la lotta tra la ricerca del buon design e i fenomeni popolari è messa in discussione dalle metodologie e dai risultati dei concorsi di taxi design di Istanbul e New York City (NYC). Oltre a essere una rassegna delle culture dei taxi a New York e Istanbul, il libro sviluppa anche un esame comparativo dei metodi partecipativi di entrambe le città, dei processi che entrambe le municipalità hanno programmato, dei punti in comune e dei contrasti, e di come questi abbiano influenzato la progettazione dei taxi come oggetti di design. Si tratta di un dibattito interessante se si considerano le attuali lotte che i diversi governi locali, con diverse capacità e comprensioni, affrontano in tutto il mondo nei confronti del processo di progettazione e dei metodi partecipativi.

El cambio en los asuntos públicos de la antigua gestión pública a la nueva gestión pública en la década de 1980 y el auge de la "gobernanza" motivaron la aparición del pluralismo, la colaboración horizontal entre el sector público y el privado y las ONG, y las plataformas de debate abierto en la tradición pública, lo que también ha desencadenado una nueva paradoja: el reto del pluralismo. Aunque el pluralismo es un ingrediente esencial de la participación, alberga dificultades. En este libro se cuestiona la lucha entre la búsqueda del buen diseño frente a los fenómenos populares a partir de las metodologías y los resultados de los concursos de diseño de taxis de Estambul y Nueva York (NYC). Además de ser una revisión de las culturas del taxi en Nueva York y Estambul, el libro también desarrolla un escrutinio comparativo sobre los métodos participativos de ambas ciudades en cuanto a los procesos que ambos municipios han programado y los puntos en común y los contrastes, y cómo afectaron al diseño de los taxis como objetos de diseño. Se trata de un debate interesante teniendo en cuenta las luchas actuales que diferentes gobiernos locales con diferentes capacidades y entendimientos de todo el mundo plantean al proceso de diseño y a los métodos participativos.

Lo scopo della ricerca era quello di determinare la relazione tra leadership democratica e qualità gestionale nelle aziende commerciali della città di Barranquilla. Metodologia descrittiva e correlazionale, disegno non sperimentale, trasversale e sul campo; la popolazione dello studio era composta da 27 funzionari: (3) direttori operativi, (24) direttori di negozio, di Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) e Almacenes ÉXITO, ai quali è stato applicato un questionario. L'affidabilità dello strumento è risultata pari a 0,93 con il coefficiente Alpha di Cronbach, che indica che è altamente affidabile. L'analisi statistica descrittiva, con distribuzione di frequenze e percentuali, per determinare la relazione tra le variabili ha utilizzato la correlazione di Spearman. I risultati mostrano che la relazione tra le due variabili è molto intensa, nella misura in cui aumenta la leadership democratica, è più probabile che si raggiunga una maggiore qualità della gestione e viceversa. Si conclude che, a causa delle carenze negli approcci e nelle tendenze della leadership democratica, queste influiscono notevolmente sul consolidamento dei fattori di qualità della gestione.

Perehod w 1980-h godah ot starogo gosudarstwennogo uprawleniq k nowomu gosudarstwennomu uprawleniü i poqwlenie "uprawleniq" obuslowili poqwlenie plüralizma, gorizontal'nogo sotrudnichestwa gosudarstwennyh i chastnyh organizacij, NPO i otkrytyh diskussionnyh ploschadok w obschestwennoj tradicii, chto takzhe wyzwalo nowyj paradox: wyzow plüralizmu. Hotq plüralizm qwlqetsq neot#emlemym komponentom uchastiq, on soprqzhen s trudnostqmi. V ätoj knige bor'ba mezhdu poiskom horoshego dizajna i populqrnymi qwleniqmi stawitsq pod somnenie na osnowe metodologii i rezul'tatow konkursow dizajna taxi w Stambule i N'ü-Jorke (NYC). Pomimo obzora kul'tury taxi w N'ü-Jorke i Stambule, kniga takzhe poswqschena srawnitel'nomu analizu metodow uchastiq w konkursah w oboih gorodah, kasaüschihsq processow, kotorye oba municipaliteta zaprogrammirowali, a takzhe obschih chert i razlichij, i togo, kak oni powliqli na dizajn taxi kak ob#ektow dizajna. Jeto interesnaq diskussiq, uchitywaq tekuschuü bor'bu, kotoruü wedut razlichnye mestnye organy wlasti s raznymi wozmozhnostqmi i ponimaniem po wsemu miru w otnoshenii processa proektirowaniq i metodow uchastiq.

Dannyj biznes-plan prizwan predlozhit' innowacionnuü biznes-model', sochetaüschuü wysokotehnologichnoe wyraschiwanie cwetow s igrowymi älementami dlq sozdaniq platformy "Dianyuan Fengyun". Platforma prizwana powysit' wowlechennost' pol'zowatelej i oblegchit' pokupku sel'skohozqjstwennoj produkcii. V nastoqschee wremq prodazha sel'skohozqjstwennoj produkcii w Kitae stalkiwaetsq s mnogochislennymi problemami, osobenno äto kasaetsq special'nyh sel'skohozqjstwennyh produktow, takih kak swezhie cwety, cennye trawy i frukty. Tradicionnye marketingowye strategii i drugie faktory ogranichiwaüt prodazhi ätih produktow, chto priwodit k wozniknoweniü problemy "trudno prodat'". Chtoby reshit' äti problemy, my budem ispol'zowat' wysokotehnologichnye metody wyraschiwaniq dlq proizwodstwa wysokokachestwennyh cwetow, otwechaüschih trebowaniqm sowremennyh potrebitelej k äkologicheski chistym, ne zagrqznqüschim okruzhaüschuü sredu i organicheskim produktam.

Cel' issledowaniq - opredelit' wzaimoswqz' mezhdu demokraticheskim liderstwom i kachestwom uprawleniq w torgowyh kompaniqh goroda Barrankil'q. Opisatel'naq i korrelqcionnaq metodologiq, neäxperimental'nyj, poperechnyj i polewoj dizajn; issleduemaq gruppa sostoqla iz 27 dolzhnostnyh lic: (3) operacionnyh menedzherow, (24) menedzherow magazinow iz Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) i Almacenes ÉXITO, k kotorym byla primenena anketa. Nadezhnost' instrumenta sostawila 0,93 s koäfficientom Cronbach's Alpha, chto ukazywaet na ego wysokuü nadezhnost'. Dlq opredeleniq wzaimoswqzi mezhdu peremennymi ispol'zowalsq opisatel'nyj statisticheskij analiz s raspredeleniem chastot i procentnyh dolej, a takzhe korrelqciq Spirmena. Rezul'taty pokazywaüt, chto swqz' mezhdu dwumq peremennymi ochen' intensiwnaq, tak kak pri uwelichenii demokraticheskogo liderstwa powyshaetsq weroqtnost' dostizheniq bolee wysokogo kachestwa uprawleniq, i naoborot. Sdelan wywod, chto iz-za nedostatkow w podhodah i tendenciqh demokraticheskogo liderstwa oni suschestwenno wliqüt na konsolidaciü faktorow kachestwa uprawleniq.

Dieser Geschäftsplan zielt darauf ab, ein innovatives Geschäftsmodell vorzuschlagen, das Hightech-Blumenzucht mit Spielelementen kombiniert, um die Plattform "Dianyuan Fengyun" zu schaffen. Die Plattform zielt darauf ab, das Engagement der Nutzer zu erhöhen und den Kauf von landwirtschaftlichen Produkten zu erleichtern. Derzeit steht der Verkauf von Agrarprodukten in China vor zahlreichen Herausforderungen, insbesondere für spezielle landwirtschaftliche Produkte wie frische Blumen, hochwertige Kräuter und Früchte. Um diesen Schwierigkeiten zu begegnen, werden wir Hightech-Anbautechniken einsetzen, um qualitativ hochwertige Blumen zu produzieren, die den Ansprüchen der modernen Verbraucher an grüne, umweltfreundliche und biologische Produkte gerecht werden. Gleichzeitig planen wir die Einführung von Spielelementen in die Plattform, indem wir unterhaltsame Management-Spiele entwickeln, die das Engagement und die Beteiligung der Nutzer fördern. Die Teilnehmer an den Spielen können sich mit Freunden austauschen und gleichzeitig Belohnungen für den Kauf und die Unterstützung von landwirtschaftlichen Produkten erhalten.

Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Beziehung zwischen demokratischer Führung und Managementqualität in Handelsunternehmen in der Stadt Barranquilla zu ermitteln. Deskriptive und korrelationale Methodik, nicht-experimentell, querschnittlich und Felddesign; die Studienpopulation bestand aus 27 Beamten: (3) Betriebsleiter, (24) Filialleiter, von Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) und Almacenes ÉXITO, auf die ein Fragebogen angewandt wurde. Die Zuverlässigkeit des Instruments betrug 0,93 mit dem Cronbachs Alpha-Koeffizienten, was darauf hinweist, dass es sehr zuverlässig ist. Die deskriptive statistische Analyse mit der Verteilung von Häufigkeiten und Prozentsätzen, um die Beziehung zwischen den Variablen zu bestimmen, wurde die Spearman-Korrelation verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Beziehung zwischen den beiden Variablen sehr intensiv ist, da mit zunehmender demokratischer Führung eine höhere Qualität des Managements wahrscheinlicher ist und vice versa. Daraus wird gefolgert, dass Defizite in demokratischen Führungsansätzen und -tendenzen die Konsolidierung von Managementqualitätsfaktoren erheblich beeinträchtigen.

Holy Republic is a book of Social Engineering which has included incredible applicable models & ideas based on theistic worldview. The author has successfully shown that only theistic world-view oriented social philosophy can properly flourish all people (including theistic, agnostics, atheistic, anti-theistic, anarchists, nihilists, physically/mentally ill etc.) better than secular &/or any other ideology based social philosophy. Government structure & political system envisaged in this book has embraced true letter & spirit of morality, universal human rights, cooperation & democracy in a way to surpass all relevant human experience during over the last millennium. It is mainly a design synthesis & has harnessed together all relevant configurations, theories, religions & creeds by safeguarding the identity of the respective communities to assure true check & balance at individual & every level. The model is meant to be agreeable for the entire mankind to protect state sovereignty & individual liberty. Almost every aspect of a state, from social to natural, has been integrated within a unified education system to gear up a continuous sustainable progressive system.

"The Art of Modern Marketing Management: Principles and Practices" is a comprehensive guide that navigates the dynamic landscape of contemporary marketing. Emphasizing the importance of customer-centricity, the book explores key principles such as data-driven decision-making, integration of traditional and digital channels, and the significance of agile marketing strategies. It delves into the role of technology, content marketing, and social media while providing real-world examples and case studies. The book's exploration of technology, content marketing, and social media is a highlight, offering a nuanced understanding of how these elements synergize to create impactful campaigns. As a comprehensive guide, it not only analyzes the current state of marketing practices but also propels the reader forward with a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends. The book concludes with a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends, making it an invaluable resource for marketing professionals, business leaders, and students seeking to excel in the ever-evolving field of modern marketing management.

Holy Republic is a book of Social Engineering which has included incredible applicable models & ideas based on theistic worldview. The author has successfully shown that only theistic world-view oriented social philosophy can properly flourish all people (including theistic, agnostics, atheistic, anti-theistic, anarchists, nihilists, physically/mentally ill etc.) better than secular &/or any other ideology based social philosophy. Government structure & political system envisaged in this book has embraced true letter & spirit of morality, universal human rights, cooperation & democracy in a way to surpass all relevant human experience during over the last millennium. It is mainly a design synthesis & has harnessed together all relevant configurations, theories, religions & creeds by safeguarding the identity of the respective communities to assure true check & balance at individual & every level. The model is meant to be agreeable for the entire mankind to protect state sovereignty & individual liberty. Almost every aspect of a state, from social to natural, has been integrated within a unified education system to gear up a continuous sustainable progressive system.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. Recently, friction stir processing (FSP) was developed for microstructural modification of metallic materials. In this review article, the current state of understanding and development of the FSW and FSP are addressed. Particular emphasis has been given to: mechanisms responsible for the formation of welds and microstructural refinement, and effects of FSW/FSP parameters on resultant microstructure and final mechanical properties. While the bulk of the information is related to aluminum alloys, important results are now available for other metals and alloys. At this stage, the technology diffusion has significantly outpaced the fundamental understanding of microstructural evolution and microstructure¿property relationships.

This research project recognizes the eminent problem that exists in the canton of El Carmen, specifically about the inadequate commercial management of the national cocoa, being this the major product that is most traded both in the domestic and international market, becoming the livelihood of much of the population. The canton of El Carmen is located in a sector that has a suitable climate for cocoa crops. The diversity in agriculture allows finding different types of cocoa, highlighting the national or also called fine aroma being one of the most produced and best in quality. The proposal of a training plan with the objective that the producers acquire adequate knowledge encouraging in them the association, therefore the creation of a guild of cocoa farmers will be given, thus reducing the intermediation, leading to achieve an optimal commercial management of national cocoa to improve the quality of life of the producing families.

The purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between democratic leadership and management quality in commercial companies in the city of Barranquilla. Descriptive and correlational methodology, non-experimental, transectional and field design; the study population consisted of 27 employees: (3) operations managers, (24) store administrators of Carulla, Súper almacenes Olímpica (S.A.O) and Almacenes ÉXITO, to whom a questionnaire was applied; the reliability of the instrument was 0.93 with the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, which indicates that it is highly reliable. The descriptive statistical analysis, with distribution of frequencies and percentages, to determine the relationship between the variables, Spearman's correlation was used. The results show the relationship between both variables with a high intensity, to the extent that democratic leadership increases, it is more likely to achieve a higher quality of management and vice versa. It was concluded that, due to deficiencies in democratic leadership approaches and tendencies, they considerably affect the consolidation of management quality factors.

Das Werk befasst sich erstmalig im Detail mit den Vorgaben des für die aufsichtsrechtliche Praxis bedeutsamen § 4 Abs. 1a FinDAG. Die Arbeit verleiht nicht nur der bisher wenig beachteten Zielbestimmung im ersten Satz der Norm Konturen, sondern leuchtet auch die weitgehend unbestimmte Tatbestands- und Rechtsfolgenseite der Eingriffsbefugnis im zweiten und dritten Satz eingehend und umfassend aus. Die Analyse baut auf einer Untersuchung des Verhältnisses von Öffentlichem Recht und Privatrecht auf, die sich das Verhältnis der beiden Teilrechtsgebiete insbesondere für den Bereich der Verbraucherrechtsdurchsetzung ansieht. Abschließend werden auf Basis der gefundenen Ergebnisse Änderungsvorschläge bezüglich des § 4 Abs. 1a FinDAG formuliert.

Es reicht nicht aus, lediglich über Gewalt zu sprechen: sexualisierte Gewalt, rassisierte Gewalt, die Gewalt der Ausbeutung. Im Kapitalismus, schreibt Maurizio Lazzarato, setzt die Produktion, ob sie nun materiell oder immateriell, affektiv oder begehrend sein mag, stets die außerökonomische, außeraffektive, außerkognitive Produktion sozialer Klassen voraus. Damit es Produktion gibt, muss es Klassen geben, und damit Klassen hervorgebracht werden können, muss es einen Unterwerfungskrieg geben. Lange schien der Krieg nicht mehr Teil politischer Debatten zu sein - er wirkte lediglich als Phänomen aus der Vergangenheit oder als Schicksal entlegener Länder des Planeten. In seinem Essay Krieg und Gewalt spricht der postoperaistische Philosoph Maurizio Lazzarato über die permanente Kontinuität kriegerischer Gewalt, ihr Verhältnis zum Beginn kapitalistischer Akkumulationszyklen und der Produktion von Subjektivität.