Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer US

Growth of Crystals, Volume 21 presents a survey, with detailed analysis, of the scientific and technological approaches, and results obtained, by leading Russian crystal growth specialists from the late 1990's to date.The volume contains 16 reviewed chapters on various aspects of crystal and crystalline film growth from various phases (vapour, solution, liquid and solid). Both fundamental aspects, e.g. growth kinetics and mechanisms, and applied aspects, e.g. preparation of technically important materials in single-crystalline forms, are covered.A large portion of the volume is devoted to film growth, including film growth from eutectic melt, from amorphous solid state, kinetics of lateral epitaxy and film growth on specially structured substrates. An important chapter in this section covers heteroepitaxy of non-isovalent A3B5 semiconductor compounds, which have important applications in the field of photonics.The volume also includes a detailed analysis of the structural aspects of a broad range of laser crystals, information that is invaluable for successfully growing perfect, laser-effective, single crystals.

This new book is an in-depth appraisal of the key environmental, policy, legislative and political issues for packaging and packaged products. In examining the most important public and political issues concerning packaging, policy and the environment today, Levy and his group of international experts discuss responses and activities in different parts of the world. The book covers critical topics such as integrated product policy and sustainable development, impact of legislative developments and economic instruments, life cycle assessment of packaging, recovery and recycling of materials, integrated solid waste management, and packaging and environmental policies in North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, Brazil, and South Africa. 'Packaging, Policy and the Environment' explores the vital and essential role that environmentally responsible packaging must play in all societies.

This book has pedigree. It has developed from experience over 50 years in reading, writing, thinking, and working with lipids and fatty acids. The study of lipids now involves many disciplines, all of which require a basic knowledge of the chemical nature and properties of these molecules. The book is written particularly for those who, with some knowledge of chemistry or biochemistry, need to know more about the mature of lipids and of fatty acids. It covers the materials they handle; their origin and chemical nature, the effects of processing, and their physical, chemical, biochemical, and nutritional properties. Another group of readers will be employed in the oleochemical industry modifying the material produced by nature for the benefit of human kind. They will have to understand the constraints of production and of chemistry within which they work and to be aware of the present state of knowledge about these materials. Yet another group may consider themselves tobe academic researchers; however there is no escape from the real world of market place availability and they will need to know something about sourcing, about the changes which occur when oils and fat are refined and how these materials can be modified on a commercial scale.

This is one of the first books to draw together information and views about international control of food safety from around the world. Demands for safe food, against a background of increasing trade, are making international controls on food safety essential. Agreements on how to control the safety of food to meet these needs are now in place among the major trading blocks, particularly in Europe and in the USA, and more recently, in Australia. This book also describes progress in areas such as systematically reviewing risk from food; developing national infrastructures to enforce standards; and growing input from consumer groups and others, including economists, to the debate on how to set international food standards. Discussed in depth is the effort to achieve global standards for food safety under the auspices of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. There are chapters from world-leading experts on Codex, international control of radiological contamination, pesticides and veterinary drugs, and other chemical contaminants.

Sequential Dynamical Systems (SDS) are a class of discrete dynamical systems which significantly generalize many aspects of systems such as cellular automata, and provide a framework for studying dynamical processes over graphs.This text is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to SDS. Driven by numerous examples and thought-provoking problems, the presentation offers good foundational material on finite discrete dynamical systems which leads systematically to an introduction of SDS. Techniques from combinatorics, algebra and graph theory are used to study a broad range of topics, including reversibility, the structure of fixed points and periodic orbits, equivalence, morphisms and reduction. Unlike other books that concentrate on determining the structure of various networks, this book investigates the dynamics over these networks by focusing on how the underlying graph structure influences the properties of the associated dynamical system.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in discrete mathematics, dynamical systems theory, theoretical computer science, and systems engineering who are interested in analysis and modeling of network dynamics as well as their computer simulations. Prerequisites include knowledge of calculus and basic discrete mathematics. Some computer experience and familiarity with elementary differential equations and dynamical systems are helpful but not necessary.

Researchers and practitioners alike are increasingly turning to search, op- timization, and machine-learning procedures based on natural selection and natural genetics to solve problems across the spectrum of human endeavor. These genetic algorithms and techniques of evolutionary computation are solv- ing problems and inventing new hardware and software that rival human designs. The Kluwer Series on Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation pub- lishes research monographs, edited collections, and graduate-level texts in this rapidly growing field. Primary areas of coverage include the theory, implemen- tation, and application of genetic algorithms (GAs), evolution strategies (ESs), evolutionary programming (EP), learning classifier systems (LCSs) and other variants of genetic and evolutionary computation (GEC). The series also pub- lishes texts in related fields such as artificial life, adaptive behavior, artificial immune systems, agent-based systems, neural computing, fuzzy systems, and quantum computing as long as GEC techniques are part of or inspiration for the system being described. This encyclopedic volume on the use of the algorithms of genetic and evolu- tionary computation for the solution of multi-objective problems is a landmark addition to the literature that comes just in the nick of time. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are receiving increasing and unprecedented attention. Researchers and practitioners are finding an irresistible match be- tween the popUlation available in most genetic and evolutionary algorithms and the need in multi-objective problems to approximate the Pareto trade-off curve or surface.

SystemC provides a robust set of extensions to C++ that enables rapid development of complex hardware/software systems. This book focuses on the practical uses of the language for modeling real systems. The wealth of examples and downloadable code methodically guide the reader through the finer points of the SystemC language.This work provides: - A step-by-step build-up of syntax- NEW features of SystemC 2.1 - Code examples for each concept, - Many resource references- Coding styles and guidelines- Over 52 downloadable code examples (over 8,000 lines)- Exercises throughout the book- How SystemC fits into the system design methodology- Why features are as they areWell known consultants in the EDA industry, both David Black and Jack Donovan have been involved in the adoption and teaching of new technologies and methodologies for a combined total of 42+ years. Recently, they jointly founded a consultancy, Eklectic Ally, focused on helping companies adopt SystemC methodologies.