Increased Usability of Assistive Technology among Individuals who are Completely Blind. The Adaptation of Windows Operating System

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Computer Science - General, grade: A, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad (Institute of Management Sciences), course: IT, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to conduct comprehensive primary and secondary research in order to evaluate and determine the best layouts and formats that can benefit completely blind individuals while making use of assistive technologies. This will involve evaluation of list vs. grid view, tabbed vs. windowed interface, audio queues vs. visual notifications and text labels vs. icons.

Second, it aims at determining the extent to which Windows OS, its variants and other Operating Systems, such as Apple OS and Linux can be adopted to enhance the usability of assistive technologies by completely blind individuals. A tertiary aim here is to fill in the research gaps that prevail with regards to assistive technology usage.

One major advantage of the ongoing developments in Information and Communication Technology is the invention of assistive technologies that aim to make life easier for individuals with disabilities. With the passage of time, the total number of people with disabilities is increasing at a steady rate. According to the recent statistics reported by the World Bank, at least 15% of the global population suffers from some form of disability.

This implies that among 1 billion disabled individuals at least 190 million individuals suffer from significant disabilities that reflect directly on their overall standard of living. What makes the situation even worse is that such disabilities adversely affect the socioeconomic wellbeing of individuals, characterized by low education levels and opportunities, lower level of employment opportunities, high rate of poverty and poor health outcomes.

Research also suggests that the population of disabled individuals is higher in developing countries, while their related socioeconomic barriers are also severe. This is mainly because of an absence of adaptive communication mechanisms, appropriate educational institutions for the disabled, and inability to institutionalize assistive technologies to education and work dynamics.