Unstable Chemical Species and Non-equilibrium Reaction Routes

Comprehensive review is made regarding influence of uncracked gaseous ammonia NH3 and of non-graphitic carbon on composition of carbo-nitride and regarding influence of extremely fast cooling/heating rate during processing on micro-structure of alloys. This monograph is written based on a review article published on Journal of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials about a decade ago (Shohoji,2014) that summarized extensively the effect of unstable chemical species in the reactants and of non-equilibrium reaction routes on properties, such as chemical composition and micro-structure, of reaction product.As the manuscript for the review was prepared for journal publication, it was sometimes desirable to over-simplify or short-cut explanations for basic terms to comply with the page budget of the journal. I wonder if this might have made the published review article somewhat difficult for some readers to understand the contents straightforwardly.Thus, in this monograph, it is intended to add concise explanations for basic technical terms to assist readers¿ understanding for the main text of the review.